scholarly journals Candida albicans Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Novel Endodontic Solvents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7748
Author(s):  
Inês Ferreira ◽  
Maria Elisa Rodrigues ◽  
Liliana Fernandes ◽  
Mariana Henriques ◽  
Irene Pina-Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Additional Exposure

Background: Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungi isolated in endodontic infections. In this study, the ability of C. albicans biofilm to tolerate the novel solvent mixtures methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)/tetrachloroethylene (TCE) and MEK/orange oil (OOil) sequentially to the standard irrigation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) was evaluated. Methods: Biofilm cell cultures of C. albicans SC 5314 were treated sequentially with NaOCl and EDTA and exposed to MEK/TCE or MEK/OOil. The effect of the antimicrobial treatment was evaluated using the disk diffusion method for planktonic culture, and the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFUs) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for biofilm cell culture. Results: C. albicans mature biofilm (24 h) was significantly reduced in biomass and cell viability after solvent mixtures’ exposure, compared with the previous NaOCl and EDTA treatments. MEK/OOil combination caused a total reduction of biofilm, while with MEK/TCE, there was a 3-log (CFU/cm2) reduction compared with the sequence NaOCl and EDTA, and a 4-log (CFU/cm2) reduction compared with the control. Conclusions: The additional exposure of a preformed 24 h C. albicans biofilm to novel solvent mixtures MEK/TCE and MEK/OOil caused a positive antibiofilm impact, overcoming the performance of the conventional endodontic irrigating protocol.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES AGAINST NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE AND CANDIDA ALBICANS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 179-187
Author(s):  
Titik Taufikurohmah ◽  
Tasha Anandya Tantyani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Response ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

This Research on the antibacterial and antifungal activity of nanosilver against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Candida albincas fungi has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine antibacterial activity of nanosilver against Neisseria gonorrhoeae and antifungal activity against Candida albincas. Synthesis Nanosilver uses bottom up method and characterized using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. Nanosliver concentrations used were 30, 40, 50, and 60 ppm. Antibacterial and antifungal activity tests using disk diffusion method. Observations obtained in form of the presence or absence of clear zones formed around paper discs indicate the inhibition of nanosilver on microbial growth. The results of testing the antifungal activity of Candida albicans on nanosilver with concentrations of 30, 40, 50 and 60 ppm resulted in clear zones of 9.73 nm, 11.46 nm, 11.93 nm, and 13 nm with fungal inhibition response categories is medium and strong. The results antibacterial activity test of Neisseria gonorrhoeae on nanosilver with concentrations of 30, 40, 50 and 60 ppm did not show any clear zone around the disc, it showed that nanosilver in this study did not have antibacterial activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of fungicidal activity of widespread wild-growing and endemic species of the Allium genus growing in Tajikistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
F. D. Mirzoeva ◽  
S. Satorov
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Republic

Aim. To conduct a comparative assessment of the fungicidal activity of widespread and endemic species of the genus Allium growing in Tajikistan.Material and methods. The initial ethanol extracts were obtained from fresh plants of 15 onion species from different climatic and geographical regions of the Republic of Tajikistan. The antifungal activity of species of the genus Allium was studied against the yeast-like fungi Candida albicans using the disk diffusion method.Results: The highest fungicidal effect on the reference strain of Candida albicans was demonstrated by alcoholic extracts of the widespread wild species A. elatum Regel, A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch, A. obliguum L, and endemic species A. shugnanicum Vved. Low antifungal activity was found in extracts of 4 widespread wild-growing plant species - A. altaicum Pall, A. suworowii Regel, A. carolinianum DC, A.longicuspis L.Conclusions. The antifungal activity of 13 species of widespread wild-growing and 2 endemic species (A.shugnanicum Vved and A. pamiricum Wendelbo) was studied for the first time. A. elatum Regel, A. oschaninii O. Fedtsch, A. obliguum L, and endemic species A. shugnanicum Vved had a maximal inhibitory effect on the yeast fungus. The extracts obtained from the bulbs and seeds of the studied plants are characterized by the highest antifungal activity.

Etiology of early-onset neonatal sepsis and antibiotic resistance in Bukavu, Democratic Republic of the Congo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy M Mulinganya ◽  
Maud Claeys ◽  
Serge Z Balolebwami ◽  
Bertrand A Bamuleke ◽  
Jules I Mongane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
First Line ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Republic Of The Congo

Abstract Background The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) ranks among the countries with the highest neonatal death rates (between 14 and 28‰). In the DRC, neonatal sepsis causes 15.6% of this mortality, but data on the bacterial etiology and associated drug susceptibility are lacking. Methods Hemocultures of 150 neonates with possible early onset neonatal sepsis (pEOS) were obtained at the Hôpital Provincial Général de Référence de Bukavu (HPGRB, Bukavu, DRC). The newborns with pEOS received an empirical first-line antimicrobial treatment (ampicillin, cefotaxime and gentamicin), based on the synopsis of international guidelines for the management of EOS which are in line with WHO recommendations. Isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization - time of flight mass spectrophotometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antibiotic resistance was assessed using the disk diffusion method. Results A total of 50 strains was obtained from 48 patients and identified. The three most prevalent species were Enterobacter cloacae complex (42%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (18%) and Serratia marcescens (12%). Enterobacter cloacae isolates were resistant to all first-line antibiotics. All K. pneumoniae and S. marcescens isolates were resistant to ampicillin, and the majority of the K. pneumoniae and half of the S. marcescens isolates were resistant to both cefotaxime and gentamicin. All E. cloacae complex strains, 89% of the K. pneumoniae and half of S. marcescens had an extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype. Conclusions The most prevalent pathogens causing EOS in Bukavu were E. cloacae complex, K. pneumoniae and S. marcescens. Most of these isolates were resistant to the WHO recommended antibiotics.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS KADAR EKSTRAK RIMPANG LENGKUAS (Alpinia galangal L. Willd.) TERHADAP JAMUR Candida albicans dalam NILAI KHM50 dan KHM90

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Resha Ramadhania ◽  
Rollando Rollando ◽  
Chresiani Destianita Yoedistira
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Alpinia Galanga ◽  
Group Design

Abstrak Rimpang lengkuas (Alpinia galanga L. Willd) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak khasiat, salah satunya sebagai antijamur. Kandungan senyawa pada rimpang lengkuas dianggapmemilikiaktivitas enghambatan terhadap jamur khususnya Candida albicans yang merupakan penyebab penyakit kandidiasis.Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak lengkuas sebagai alternatif obat antijamur alami pada Candida albicans serta untuk mengetahui kadar efektif ekstrak rimpang lengkuas (Alpinia galanga(L) Willd) terhadap jamur Candida albicans dalam nilai KHM50 dan KHM90.Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan experimental murni sederhana atau posttest onlycontrol group design dengan menggunakan dua metode uji yaitu metode difusi cakram dan mikrodilusi. Kemudian dilakukan pengamatan zona hambat yang akan terlihat zona bening pada cawan petri, menghitung persen penghambatan dengan cara perhitungan absorbansi atau optical density (OD) dan dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Probit untuk melihat nilai KHM50 dan KHM90.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak rimpang lengkuas memiliki zona hambat sebesar 1,75 mm. Sedangkan dalam perhitungan nilai KHM50 KHM90 menggunakan analisis probit didapatkan nilai KHM50 terdapat pada konsentrasi 1834.933 µg/mL dan nilai KHM90 terdapat pada konsentrasi 13374.761 µg/mL. Kata kunci: Alpinia galanga L. Willd., Candida albicans, Difusi Cakram, Mikrodilusi, Kadar Hambat Minuman Abstract Galanga rhizome (Alpinia Galanga L. Wild.) is one of plants which have many savors, one of them is used for anti-fungus. The structure contained in Galanga rhizome is well known for the obstructive activity to the fungus, for especially Candida albicans which is the cause of the Candidiasis disease. This study used galanga rhizome extract as an alternative to natural antifungal for Candida albicans and to find out the effectiveness amount of extract Galanga rhizome (Alpina galanga L. Wild) to the Candida albicans fungus in the term of MIC50 and MIC90. This study is plain experimental or post –test only control group design by using two test methodology. There are disk diffusion method and microdilution. Then, followed by observing obstruction zone which will be appeared on the clear zone on the petri dish, valuating obstruction presentation by using absorbency counting or optical density (OD) and analyzed using probit analysis to see MIC50 and MIC90. The result of the study showed that extract Galanga rhizome had obstructive zone at least 1,75 mm. But, on the valuating MIC50, MIC90 point using probit analysis, the MIC50 concentration value was 1834.933µg/mL and the MIC90 concentration value was 13374.761 µg/mL. Keywords: Alpinia galanga L. Willd., Candida albicans, Disk Diffusion, Microdilution, Minimum Inhittoryhconcentration

scholarly journals UJI AKTIVITTAS ANTIFUNGI EKSTRAK ETANOL UMBI BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) TERHADAP Candida albicans DAN Pityrosporum ovale

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Helen Anjelina Simanjuntak ◽  
Megawati Butar - Butar
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Concentration Variation ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Pityrosporum Ovale ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Bioactive Substance

Candida albicans dan Pityrosporum fungal caused micosis infections such as candidiasis and dandruff. The altervative medicine as antifungal bioactive substance is obtained from Bulbus Allium cepa L. exstract. The ekstraction of Bulbus Allium cepa L. has held by maserasi technic using etanol 96% as a solvent. The phytochem skrining result of the Bulbus Allium cepa L. extract is composed by alkaloid, flavanoid, tannin, and saponin compound. The test of these extract as antifungal is held by disk diffusion method with concentration variation of the extract is 50 %, 75%, and 100% (w/v). The extraction variation of the extract is implemented to inhibitory test and the result of the test to Candida albicans is 13,5 mm ; 16 mm ; 19 mm respectively and 12 mm ; 15 mm ; 17 mm to Pityrosporum . Base on the data ( zone diameter test of those fungal ) is concluded the extract of Aulbus Allium Cepa L. has a strong category inhibitory test. Keywords : Allium cepa, Candida albicans and Pityrosporum ovale

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECTS OF SOME DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS ON FUNGAL ISOLATES OF CANDIDA albicans AND TRICHOPHYTON mentagrophyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Obhioze Augustine Akpoka ◽  
A. A. Enaigbe ◽  
M. U. Okwu ◽  
O. E. Izevbuwa ◽  
E. A. Ufuah
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Drug Concentrations

The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed that, antimicrobial properties of the leaf extracts were due to secondary metabolites such as amino acids, essential oils, flavonoids and saponins contained. The antimicrobial activities of alcoholic extracts were tested against pathogenic fungal isolates of Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophyte. This was performed by inoculating the isolates into the pure extract, spread onto petri plates containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media, observed for growth at stipulated standards. The sensitivity test was done by the disk diffusion method to test the effectiveness of an antimycotic (Griseofulvin) applied on the specific isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to ascertain the lowest drug concentrations that inhibited the fungal growths. The antimicrobial test revealed that, the leaf extracts of Eupatorium odoratum and Canjanus cajan inhibited the growths of the organisms while extracts of Citrus aurantifolia and Eucalyptus citriodora only prevented the growth of Candida albicans. The sensitivity test recorded the inhibition zone to range from 11 mm to 32 mm, with the lowest cleared area reported in the extract of E. citriodora and the highest in E, odoratum. Consequently, the MIC values of extracts at dilution levels were; E. odoratum: 1: 10000; 1: 1000, C. cajan: 1: 1000; 1: 10000, E. citriodora: 1:1000; 1:100 and C. aurantifolia: 1: 100000; 1: 100 respectively. This work has confirmed the progressive utilization of plants as antimicrobials for the benefit of mankind, to have originated from microbial sources.

scholarly journals SYNTHESIS AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROFILE OF SOME NEWER HETEROCYCLES BEARING THIAZOLE MOIETY

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
RAJUL GUPTA ◽  
Neeraj Kumar FULORIA ◽  
Shivkanya FULORIA
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Various substituted acetophenones on treatment. with iodine and thiourea yielded 2-amino-4-( substituted-phenyl)-thiazole, which on further treatment with acetic anhydride generated N-(4-(substituted phenyl)thiazol-2-ylacetamide(1-5). All the synthesized compounds were characterized by their respective FTIR, 1H NMR, and mass data. Synthesized compounds (l, 2, 3, 4, 5) when subjected to investigation for their antimicrobial activities i.e. antibacterial and antifungal studies against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus fumigatus by disk diffusion method, revealed that compound 2 deemed to be most potent with the largest zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA EKSTRAK DAN FRAKSI TUNIKATA (Polycarpa aurata) YANG DIKOLEKSI DI SELAT LEMBEH, BITUNG TERHADAP Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus DAN Candida albicans

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Cinlye J Manoppo ◽  
Adithya Yudistira ◽  
Defny S Wewengkang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Lembeh Strait ◽  
Partition Method

ABSTRACTTunicate is an invertebrate that lives in a coral reef ecosystem and produces many compounds such as, antibacterial, antitumor and anticancer. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity of extracts and fraction of tunicate (Polycarpa aurata) collected in the Lembeh Strait, Bitung against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Tunicate (Polycarpa aurata) was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent, fractination using liquid-liquid partition method with n-hexane, chloroform and methanol solvent, and antimicrobial testing using Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method. The results showed that ethanol extract of tunicate (Polycarpa aurata) had antimicrobial activity againts Escherichia coli with an inhibition of 15.12 mm, and againts Candida albicans with an inhibition of 15 mm. While the methanol fraction showed antimicrobial with a strong category and inhibition of 16.17 mm againts Staphylococcus aureus. Keyword: Tunicate (Polycarpa aurata), Extraction, Fractination, Antimicrobials  ABSTRAKTunikata merupakan invertebrata di ekosistem terumbu karang yang banyak menghasilkan senyawa seperti, antibakteri, antitumor dan antikanker.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  mengetahui aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak dan fraksi tunikata (Polycarpa aurata) yang dikoleksi di Selat lembeh, Bitung terhadap Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans.  Tunikata (Polycarpa aurata) diekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, fraksinasi menggunakan metode partisi dengan pelarut n-heksan, kloroform dan metanol, dan pengujian antimikroba menggunakan metode difusi agar Kirby Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol tunikata (Polycarpa aurata) memiliki aktivitas antimikroba kategori kuat pada fraksi metanol dengan daya hambat sebesar 16, 17 mm terhadap Escherichia coli, pada ekstrak etanol dengan daya hambat sebesar 15, 12 mm terhadap Staphylococcus aureus sedangkan pada Candida albicans aktivitas yang sangat baik terjadi pada ektraksi etanol sebesar 15 mm. Kata Kunci: Tunikata (Polycarpa aurata), Ekstraksi dan Fraksinasi, Antimikroba

scholarly journals Utilization Of Agung Semeru Banana Peel Extract As Natural Hand Sanitizer

Jurnal Biota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Dwi Nur Rikhma Sari ◽  
Septarini Dian Anitasari ◽  
Suci Ratnasari
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Hand Sanitizer ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Peel Extract

Hand sanitizers generally contain Ethyl Alcohol 62%, softener, moisturizer and anti-bacterial compounds such as tryclosan, glycerol, tannin, saponins and other antimicrobial agents. This study aimed to determine the effect of Agung Semeru banana peel extract as a natural hand sanitizer to inhibit fungal growth of Candida albicans. The antifungal activity test is carried out using the disk diffusion method. The use of this method is shown to measure the diameter of the area of ​​resistance that occurs around paper discs that already contain antifungal in accordance with the concentration in each treatment. The results showed that Agung Semeru banana peel is effective as a natural Hand sanitizer that was indicated by differences in treatment. Utilization of Agung Semeru Banana peel Extract  as a natural basic material hand sanitizer showed that no significant difference between treatments in inhibiting the growth of fungi Candida albicans, but a concentration of 7% (1,315 ± 0.0035c) showed better results compared to a concentration of 1% ( 1.2 ± 0.0a); concentration of 5% (1,208 ± 0,0023b) and 0% (1.2 ± 0,0a).

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Fungi from Clinical Samples of Diabetic Patients and Studying the Anti-Fungal Activity of Some Natural Oils on Isolated Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 0462
Author(s):  
Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Natural Oils

Isolation of fungi was performed from February to July, 2019. One hundred clinical specimens were collected from King Abdullah Hospital (KAH) Bisha, Saudi Arabia. Samples were collected from twenty patients of different ages (30 - 70 years old) ten males and ten females. The samples were collected from patients with the two types of diabetics. Specimens included blood, hair, nail, oral swabs and skin.  Specimens were inoculated on Sabourauds Dextrose agar containing chloramphenicol. Thirteen fungal species were isolated and identified. The isolated species were: Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terrus, A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, Candida albicans, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, C. Tropicalis, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium solani, Penicillium marneffei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identification of molds was carried out morphologically and microscopically using available methods and books of identification, while identification of yeasts was carried out using API system. C. albicans recorded the highest isolated number where 31 colonies were isolated from 18 patients, representing relative density of 22.5%. (R. D.: is the number of a certain fungal species divided by the total number of fungi). Other isolated fungal species recorded relative density less than 16 %. The most common isolated fungus Candida albicans was molecularly identified using the 5.8S and flanking ITS regions. The antifungal activity of some natural essential oils (cinnamon, thyme, coconut, almond and clove) was assayed against isolated fungi using disk diffusion method. The used concentration was 5 µl / plate. The MIC values were also determined using different oil concentrations (1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 µl / disc).

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