Piperine-A Major Principle of Black Pepper: A Review of Its Bioactivity and Studies

Piperine is the main compound present in black pepper, and is the carrier of its specific pungent taste, which is responsible for centuries of human dietary utilization and worldwide popularity as a food ingredient. Along with the application as a food ingredient and food preservative, it is used in traditional medicine for many purposes, which has in most cases been justified by modern scientific studies on its biological effects. It has been confirmed that piperine has many bioactive effects, such as antimicrobial action, as well as many physiological effects that can contribute to general human health, including immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antimetastatic, antitumor, and many other activities. Clinical studies demonstrated remarkable antioxidant, antitumor, and drug availability-enhancing characteristics of this compound, together with immunomodulatory potential. All these facts point to the therapeutic potential of piperine and the need to incorporate this compound into general health-enhancing medical formulations, as well as into those that would be used as adjunctive therapy in order to enhance the bioavailability of various (chemo)therapeutic drugs.

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The Clinical and Biological Effects of Homeopathically Prepared Signaling Molecules: A Scoping Review

Homeopathy ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1732305 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raj Kumar Manchanda ◽

Meeta Gupta ◽

Ankit Gupta ◽

Robbert van Haselen

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

English Language ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Signaling Molecules ◽

Respiratory Allergies ◽

Wide Range ◽

External Stimuli

Abstract Background Signaling molecules such as cytokines and interleukins are key mediators for the immune response in responding to internal or external stimuli. Homeopathically prepared signaling molecules have been used therapeutically for about five decades. However, these types of products are not available in many countries and their usage by homoeopaths is also infrequent. The aim of this scoping review is to map the available pre-clinical and clinical data related to the therapeutic use of homeopathically prepared signaling molecules. Methods We conducted a scoping review of clinical and pre-clinical studies of therapeutically used signaling molecules that have been prepared in accordance with an officially recognized homeopathic pharmacopoeia. Articles in peer-reviewed journals reporting original clinical or pre-clinical research of homeopathically prepared signaling molecules such as interleukins, cytokines, antibodies, growth factors, neuropeptides and hormones, were eligible. Non-English language papers were excluded, unless we were able to obtain an English translation. An appraisal of eligible studies took place by rating the direction of the outcomes on a five-point scale. The quality of the papers was not systematically assessed. Results Twenty-eight eligible papers, reporting findings for four different manufacturers' products, were identified and reviewed. Seventeen papers reported pre-clinical studies, and 11 reported clinical studies (six experimental, five observational). A wide range of signaling molecules, as well as normal T-cell expressed specific nucleic acids, were used. A majority of the products (21 of 28) contained two or more signaling molecules. The most common clinical indications were psoriasis, vitiligo, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory allergies, polycystic ovary syndrome, and herpes. The direction of the outcomes was positive in 26 papers and unclear in two papers. Conclusion This scoping review found that there is a body of evidence on the use of homeopathically prepared signaling molecules. From a homeopathy perspective, these substances appear to have therapeutic potential. Further steps to explore this potential are warranted.

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Phytochemistry and therapeutic potential of black pepper [Piper nigrum (L.)] essential oil and piperine: a review

Clinical Phytoscience ◽

10.1186/s40816-021-00292-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kaliyaperumal Ashokkumar ◽

Muthusamy Murugan ◽

M. K. Dhanya ◽

Arjun Pandian ◽

Thomas D. Warkentin

Keyword(s):

Animal Models ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Bioactive Constituents ◽

Intermittent Fever

Abstract Background Black pepper [Piper nigrum (L.), Family: Piperaceae] is used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases including; cough, cold, dyspnea throat diseases, intermittent fever, dysentery, stomachache, worms and piles. The pharmacological potential of black pepper is due to the presence of metabolites like phenolic compounds, alkaloids, flavonoids, carotenoids, terpenoids, etc. The multipurpose use of black pepper dried seeds has several other beneficial health effects that also received in the light of traditional as well as current medicine perspectives. The review aims to discuss the botany, phytochemical constituents, and pharmacological properties of piperine and black pepper essential oil (BPEO). Results Phytochemical analyses have described the main chemical constituents of black pepper, including carbohydrates, proteins, calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, vitamin C, tannins, flavonoids and carotenoids. The volatile oil content ranges from 0.4 to 7 % in dried berries. The major constituents of BPEO are sabinene, 3-carene, D-limonene, α-pinene, caryophyllene, β-phellandrene, α-phellandrene, α-thujene, and β-bisabolene. Additionally, piperine is the naturally occurring and principal bioactive alkaloid constituent of black pepper owing to its potential therapeutic properties, including cerebral brain functioning and increased nutrient absorption. The BPEO has several biological roles, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-obesity, antidepressant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, and insecticidal activities. Conclusions This review examines and presents the appropriate evidence on black pepper and its traditional uses as well as biological activities of BPEO and piperine. Although several previous reports showed diverse biological effects for piperine and bioactive constitutes of BPEO. Thus, minimal investigations were conducted using animal models, and many of these studies also lacked appropriate experimental setting like doses, control details. Hence, future studies are necessary to understand the mechanism of piperine, BPEO, bioactive constituents and their effects upon their use by animal models and humans with the proper experimental procedure which we can facilitate the protection of human health from several diseases.

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Psychedelics and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review Unraveling the Biological Underpinnings of Psychedelics

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.724606 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Cato M. H. de Vos ◽

Natasha L. Mason ◽

Kim P. C. Kuypers

Keyword(s):

Clinical Studies ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Repeated Administration ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Single Administration ◽

Bdnf Mrna ◽

Behavioral Parameters ◽

Single And Repeated Administration

Clinical studies suggest the therapeutic potential of psychedelics, including ayahuasca, DMT, psilocybin, and LSD, in stress-related disorders. These substances induce cognitive, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and antiaddictive effects suggested to arise from biological changes similar to conventional antidepressants or the rapid-acting substance ketamine. The proposed route is by inducing brain neuroplasticity. This review attempts to summarize the evidence that psychedelics induce neuroplasticity by focusing on psychedelics' cellular and molecular neuroplasticity effects after single and repeated administration. When behavioral parameters are encountered in the selected studies, the biological pathways will be linked to the behavioral effects. Additionally, knowledge gaps in the underlying biology of clinical outcomes of psychedelics are highlighted. The literature searched yielded 344 results. Title and abstract screening reduced the sample to 35; eight were included from other sources, and full-text screening resulted in the final selection of 16 preclinical and four clinical studies. Studies (n = 20) show that a single administration of a psychedelic produces rapid changes in plasticity mechanisms on a molecular, neuronal, synaptic, and dendritic level. The expression of plasticity-related genes and proteins, including Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), is changed after a single administration of psychedelics, resulting in changed neuroplasticity. The latter included more dendritic complexity, which outlasted the acute effects of the psychedelic. Repeated administration of a psychedelic directly stimulated neurogenesis and increased BDNF mRNA levels up to a month after treatment. Findings from the current review demonstrate that psychedelics induce molecular and cellular adaptations related to neuroplasticity and suggest those run parallel to the clinical effects of psychedelics, potentially underlying them. Future (pre)clinical research might focus on deciphering the specific cellular mechanism activated by different psychedelics and related to long-term clinical and biological effects to increase our understanding of the therapeutic potential of these compounds.

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Current Advances in the Biological Activity of Polysaccharides in Dendrobium with Intriguing Therapeutic Potential

Current Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/0929867324666170227114648 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (14) ◽

pp. 1663-1681 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Chun-Ting Lee ◽

Heng-Chun Kuo ◽

Yung-Hsiang Chen ◽

Ming-Yen Tsai

Keyword(s):

Biological Activity ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Research Field ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Pharmacological Effects ◽

The Family ◽

Anti Tumor Activity

The polysaccharides in many plants are attracting worldwide attention because of their biological activities and medical properties, such as anti-viral, anti-oxidative, antichronic inflammation, anti-hypertensive, immunomodulation, and neuron-protective effects, as well as anti-tumor activity. Denodrobium species, a genus of the family orchidaceae, have been used as herbal medicines for hundreds of years in China due to their pharmacological effects. These effects include nourishing the Yin, supplementing the stomach, increasing body fluids, and clearing heat. Recently, numerous researchers have investigated possible active compounds in Denodrobium species, such as lectins, phenanthrenes, alkaloids, trigonopol A, and polysaccharides. Unlike those of other plants, the biological effects of polysaccharides in Dendrobium are a novel research field. In this review, we focus on these novel findings to give readers an overall picture of the intriguing therapeutic potential of polysaccharides in Dendrobium, especially those of the four commonly-used Denodrobium species: D. huoshanense, D. offininale, D. nobile, and D. chrysotoxum.

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The mechanistic role of thymoquinone in Parkinson's disease: focus on neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies

Current Molecular Pharmacology ◽

10.2174/1874467214666210105140944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Najim Uddin ◽

Mohammad Injamul Hoq ◽

Israt Jahan ◽

Shafayet Ahmed Siddiqui ◽

Chayan Dhar Clinton ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Neuroprotective Activity ◽

Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta ◽

Movement Difficulties

: Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the leading phytochemicals, which is abundantly found in Nigella sativa L. seeds. TQ exhibited various biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumoral in several pre-clinical studies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease with movement difficulties, and the common feature of neurodegeneration in PD patients is caused by dopaminergic neural damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuroprotective activity of TQ has been studied in various neurological disorders. TQ-mediated neuroprotection against PD yet to be reported in a single frame; therefore, this review is intended to narrate the potentiality of TQ in the therapy of PD. TQ has been shown to protect against neurotoxins via amelioration of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, thereby protects neurodegeneration in PD models. TQ could be an emerging therapeutic intervention in PD management, but mechanistic studies have been remained to be investigated to clarify its neuroprotective role.

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PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910431 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10431

Author(s):

Gábor Kökény ◽

Laurent Calvier ◽

Georg Hansmann

Keyword(s):

Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽

Kidney Failure ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Critical Conditions ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Lipid Uptake ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Pparγ Agonist

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a type II nuclear receptor, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. It promotes lipid uptake and adipogenesis by increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin release. Later, PPARγ was implicated in cardiac development and in critical conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and kidney failure. Recently, a cluster of different papers linked PPARγ signaling with another superfamily, the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and its receptors, all of which play a major role in PAH and kidney failure. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine that drives inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation while PPARγ activation reverses these adverse events in many models. Such opposite biological effects emphasize the delicate balance and complex crosstalk between PPARγ and TGFβ. Based on solid experimental and clinical evidence, the present review summarizes connections and their implications for PAH and kidney failure, highlighting the similarities and differences between lung and kidney mechanisms as well as discussing the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone.

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Anticancer Applications and Pharmacological Properties of Piperidine and Piperine: A Comprehensive Review on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.772418 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sicon Mitra ◽

Uttpal Anand ◽

Niraj Kumar Jha ◽

Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽

Suchismita Chatterjee Saha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Ovarian Cancer ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Piper Nigrum ◽

Molecular Formula ◽

Cycle Arrest

Piperine and piperidine are the two major alkaloids extracted from black pepper (Piper nigrum); piperidine is a heterocyclic moiety that has the molecular formula (CH2)5NH. Over the years, many therapeutic properties including anticancer potential of these two compounds have been observed. Piperine has therapeutic potential against cancers such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, gliomal cancer, lung cancer, oral squamous, chronic pancreatitis, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia. Whereas, piperidine acts as a potential clinical agent against cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and ovarian cancer, when treated alone or in combination with some novel drugs. Several crucial signalling pathways essential for the establishment of cancers such as STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3k/Aκt, JNK/p38-MAPK, TGF-ß/SMAD, Smac/DIABLO, p-IκB etc., are regulated by these two phytochemicals. Both of these phytochemicals lead to inhibition of cell migration and help in cell cycle arrest to inhibit survivability of cancer cells. The current review highlights the pharmaceutical relevance of both piperine and piperidine against different types of cancers.

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PHYTO-MEDICINAL EFFECTS OF SYZYGIUM CUMINI ON DIABETES: A REVIEW

International Journal of Research in AYUSH and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.47070/ijraps.v4i3.80 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 392-402

Author(s):

Md. Mahmudul Amin

Keyword(s):

Plant Extracts ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Research Result ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Current State

Diabetes is a major public health problem which has been increasing day by day throughout the world with an alarming rate. In recent years, several plant extracts have been examined for their anti-diabetic properties to identify alternative treatment strategies that pose less risk for diabetes. It has been shown that different parts of these plants are collected from diverse regions and administered in different pharmaceutical preparations. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the phytochemicals present in S. cumini plants and their potent anti-diabetic activity, toxicological and biological effects of these plant extracts, their current state, limitation and future prospects in developing countries that are not included in the European Pharmacopoeia. In addition, a prospective research result of synergistic use of this plant with other plant (Ficus racemosa) done presently in our laboratory has been included. Based on the available evidence, we highlight the ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed and provide scientific evidence for the discovery of novel leads for herbal drug development.

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Effects of Formyl Peptide Receptor Agonists Ac9-12 and WKYMV in In Vivo and In Vitro Acute Inflammatory Experimental Models

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells11020228 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 228

Author(s):

Izabella Lice ◽

José Marcos Sanches ◽

Rebeca D. Correia-Silva ◽

Mab P. Corrêa ◽

Marcelo Y. Icimoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Formyl Peptide Receptor ◽

Saline Control ◽

Acute Peritonitis ◽

Formyl Peptide ◽

Leukocyte Influx

Formyl peptide receptors (Fprs) are a G-protein-coupled receptor family mainly expressed on leukocytes. The activation of Fpr1 and Fpr2 triggers a cascade of signaling events, leading to leukocyte migration, cytokine release, and increased phagocytosis. In this study, we evaluate the effects of the Fpr1 and Fpr2 agonists Ac9-12 and WKYMV, respectively, in carrageenan-induced acute peritonitis and LPS-stimulated macrophages. Peritonitis was induced in male C57BL/6 mice through the intraperitoneal injection of 1 mL of 3% carrageenan solution or saline (control). Pre-treatments with Ac9-12 and WKYMV reduced leukocyte influx to the peritoneal cavity, particularly neutrophils and monocytes, and the release of IL-1β. The addition of the Fpr2 antagonist WRW4 reversed only the anti-inflammatory actions of WKYMV. In vitro, the administration of Boc2 and WRW4 reversed the effects of Ac9-12 and WKYMV, respectively, in the production of IL-6 by LPS-stimulated macrophages. These biological effects of peptides were differently regulated by ERK and p38 signaling pathways. Lipidomic analysis evidenced that Ac9-12 and WKYMV altered the intracellular lipid profile of LPS-stimulated macrophages, revealing an increased concentration of several glycerophospholipids, suggesting regulation of inflammatory pathways triggered by LPS. Overall, our data indicate the therapeutic potential of Ac9-12 and WKYMV via Fpr1 or Fpr2-activation in the inflammatory response and macrophage activation.

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Biological and physiological effects of Coriandrum sativum on House fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae)

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.13.1.14-19 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 14-19

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Musca Domestica ◽

Biological Effects ◽

House Fly ◽

Coriandrum Sativum ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Alcohol Extract ◽

Result Show ◽

Morphological Aberration ◽

Negative Role ◽

Fruit Powder

This Study is conducted to evaluate effects of (leaves, fruits) powder and (oil, alcohol) extract of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) plant on some biological and physiological aspects of House fly, Musca domestica at laboratory conditions. Result show that these preparations caused biological effects represented in high dead percentage in second instar, fed on different concentrations of food treated with them reached to 27.6, 55.3 at concentration 20% of leaf and fruit powder respectively and 67.3, 77.2% at 10% of oil and alcohol extract of fruit, respectively. Furthermore, study also show reduction in pupation and adults emergence percentage. However, leafs powder had slighter effect than powder and extract of fruit of tested plant. The study show physiological effects in treated larvae such as molting failure at subsequent molt to larvae , pupa or to adult, also morphological aberration represented in small size, dark pigment, reduce age and folding of the adult wings. In almost cases, the higher concentration the more morphogenetic aberration. This study leads us to conclude that coriander had chemical compounds which played a negative role in some biological and physiological aspects of house fly.

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