scholarly journals Omics Strategies in Current Advancements of Infectious Fish Disease Management

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1086
Author(s):  
Maya Erna Natnan ◽  
Yosmetha Mayalvanan ◽  
Fahmeeda Mohd Jazamuddin ◽  
Wan Mohd Aizat ◽  
Chen-Fei Low ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Fish Disease ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Aquaculture Industry

Aquaculture is an important industry globally as it remains one of the significant alternatives of animal protein source supplies for humankind. Yet, the progression of this industry is being dampened by the increasing rate of fish mortality, mainly the outbreak of infectious diseases. Consequently, the regress in aquaculture ultimately results in the economy of multiple countries being affected due to the decline of product yields and marketability. By 2025, aquaculture is expected to contribute approximately 57% of fish consumption worldwide. Without a strategic approach to curb infectious diseases, the increasing demands of the aquaculture industry may not be sustainable and hence contributing to the over-fishing of wild fish. Recently, a new holistic approach that utilizes multi-omics platforms including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is unraveling the intricate molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interaction. This approach aims to provide a better understanding of how to improve the resistance of host species. However, no comprehensive review has been published on multi-omics strategies in deciphering fish disease etiology and molecular regulation. Most publications have only covered particular omics and no constructive reviews on various omics findings across fish species, particularly on their immune systems, have been described elsewhere. Our previous publication reviewed the integration of omics application for understanding the mechanism of fish immune response due to microbial infection. Hence, this review provides a thorough compilation of current advancements in omics strategies for fish disease management in the aquaculture industry. The discovery of biomarkers in various fish diseases and their potential advancement to complement the recent progress in combatting fish disease is also discussed in this review.

scholarly journals Circulating miRNAs Related to Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitions (EMT) as the New Molecular Markers in Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 900-916
Author(s):  
Anna Zubrzycka ◽  
Monika Migdalska-Sęk ◽  
Sławomir Jędrzejczyk ◽  
Ewa Brzeziańska-Lasota
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Endometrial Stromal Cells ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Non Invasive

Endometriosis is a chronic gynecological disease defined by the presence of endometrial-like tissue found outside the uterus, most commonly in the peritoneal cavity. Endometriosis lesions are heterogenous but usually contain endometrial stromal cells and epithelial glands, immune cell infiltrates and are vascularized and innervated by nerves. The complex etiopathogenesis and heterogenity of the clinical symptoms, as well as the lack of a specific non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, underline the need for more advanced diagnostic tools. Unfortunately, the contribution of environmental, hormonal and immunological factors in the disease etiology is insufficient, and the contribution of genetic/epigenetic factors is still fragmentary. Therefore, there is a need for more focused study on the molecular mechanisms of endometriosis and non-invasive diagnostic monitoring systems. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) demonstrate high stability and tissue specificity and play a significant role in modulating a range of molecular pathways, and hence may be suitable diagnostic biomarkers for the origin and development of endometriosis. Of these, the most frequently studied are those related to endometriosis, including those involved in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), whose expression is altered in plasma or endometriotic lesion biopsies; however, the results are ambiguous. Specific miRNAs expressed in endometriosis may serve as diagnostics markers with prognostic value, and they have been proposed as molecular targets for treatment. The aim of this review is to present selected miRNAs associated with EMT known to have experimentally confirmed significance, and discuss their utility as biomarkers in endometriosis.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Periodontal Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Mikihito Kajiya ◽  
Hidemi Kurihara
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

Periodontal disease, one of the most prevalent human infectious diseases, is characterized by chronic inflammatory tissue destruction of the alveolar bone and the connective tissues supporting the tooth [...]

scholarly journals Effects of Malachite Green on the Microbiomes of Milkfish Culture Ponds

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Chu-Wen Yang ◽  
Yi-Tang Chang ◽  
Chi-Yen Hsieh ◽  
Bea-Ven Chang
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Infections

Intensive fish farming through aquaculture is vulnerable to infectious diseases that can increase fish mortality and damage the productivity of aquaculture farms. To prevent infectious diseases, malachite green (MG) has been applied as a veterinary drug for various microbial infections in aquaculture settings worldwide. However, little is known regarding the consequences of MG and MG-degrading bacteria (MGDB) on microbial communities in milkfish culture ponds (MCPs). In this study, small MCPs were used as a model system to determine the effects of MG on the microbial communities in MCPs. The addition of MG led to cyanobacterial blooms in the small MCP. The addition of MGDB could not completely reverse the effects of MG on microbial communities. Cyanobacterial blooms were not prevented. Microbial communities analyzed by next generation sequencing revealed that cyanobacterial blooms may be due to increase of nitrogen cycle (including nitrogen fixation, nitrate reduction and anammox) associated microbial communities, which raised the levels of ammonium in the water of the small MCP. The communities of anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (beneficial for aquaculture and aquatic ecosystems) decreased after the addition of MG. The results of this investigation provide valuable insights into the effects of MG in aquaculture and the difficulties of bioremediation for aquatic environments polluted by MG.

Dynamic relationships among tumor, immune response, and microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Takuya Tsunoda ◽  
Kazunori Shimada ◽  
Naoki Uchida ◽  
Shinichi Kobayashi ◽  
Yasutsuna Sasaki
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dynamic Relationships ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Recently, the analysis of microbiota has been of interest not only for the clarification of the molecular mechanisms of disease etiology, but also the discovery of novel strategies for treatment. Following the development of "next-generation" sequencing, novel areas have been discovered in microbiota; however, in oncology, the relationships between microbiota and cancer have not been fully clarified. In recent literature, surprisingly, detection of gut microbiota in tumor issue itself has been reported. Microbiota might play an important role in carcinogenesis. However, this phenomenon is not well understood, and research in this area has just begun. In the past five years, a paradigm shift has occurred in cancer treatment due to immunotherapy. Immunotherapy has made cure possible even in advanced cancer patients with not only melanoma but also non-small cell lung cancer and others. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of novel immunotherapies, checkpoint inhibitors, and the relationship between microbiota and immunotherapy. It is of significance to clarify this relationship because it may lead to the discovery of predictive markers for immunotherapy and promote clinical efficacy. Finally, we also mention our activities in the construction of a big database for information on immunotherapy and microbiota, which may lead to excellent possibilities of discovering novel strategies for more effective cancer treatments, and may accelerate the alteration of cancers to the classification of chronic nonfatal disease.

8. Looking ahead

2015 ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Marta L. Wayne ◽  
Benjamin M. Bolker
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Transmission Control ◽  
Living Things ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
The Impact

‘Looking ahead’ shows how our understanding of disease ecology and evolution has revolutionized disease management. By developing transmission control strategies to close the encounter filter and vaccines and treatments to close the compatibility filter, we have reduced the misery caused by infectious disease. But what is the outlook for the future control of infectious diseases? We cannot eradicate infectious disease. Living things have parasitized one another since the beginning of life itself. New zoonotic diseases will continue to emerge, and existing diseases will continually evolve to escape our methods of control. Despite this stark reality, we can minimize the impact of disease even if we can never fully conquer it.

scholarly journals Quantifying mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) using candidate mechanism perturbation amplitude (CMPA) algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reagon Karki ◽  
Alpha Tom Kodamullil ◽  
Charles Tapley Hoyt ◽  
Martin Hofmann-Apitius
Keyword(s):  
Biological Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Biological Network ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Heat Diffusion ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Biological Entities

Abstract Background Literature derived knowledge assemblies have been used as an effective way of representing biological phenomenon and understanding disease etiology in systems biology. These include canonical pathway databases such as KEGG, Reactome and WikiPathways and disease specific network inventories such as causal biological networks database, PD map and NeuroMMSig. The represented knowledge in these resources delineates qualitative information focusing mainly on the causal relationships between biological entities. Genes, the major constituents of knowledge representations, tend to express differentially in different conditions such as cell types, brain regions and disease stages. A classical approach of interpreting a knowledge assembly is to explore gene expression patterns of the individual genes. However, an approach that enables quantification of the overall impact of differentially expressed genes in the corresponding network is still lacking. Results Using the concept of heat diffusion, we have devised an algorithm that is able to calculate the magnitude of regulation of a biological network using expression datasets. We have demonstrated that molecular mechanisms specific to Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson Disease (PD) regulate with different intensities across spatial and temporal resolutions. Our approach depicts that the mitochondrial dysfunction in PD is severe in cortex and advanced stages of PD patients. Similarly, we have shown that the intensity of aggregation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in AD increases as the disease progresses. This finding is in concordance with previous studies that explain the burden of NFTs in stages of AD. Conclusions This study is one of the first attempts that enable quantification of mechanisms represented as biological networks. We have been able to quantify the magnitude of regulation of a biological network and illustrate that the magnitudes are different across spatial and temporal resolution.

scholarly journals Factors in Oncogenesis: Viral Infections in Ovarian Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudipta Pathak ◽  
Jacek R. Wilczyński ◽  
Edyta Paradowska
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
High Fatality Rate ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death in women, with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) being the most lethal gynecologic malignancy among women. This high fatality rate is the result of diagnosis of a high number of new cases when cancer implants have already spread. The poor prognosis is due to our inadequate understanding of the molecular mechanisms preceding ovarian malignancy. Knowledge about the site of origination has been improved recently by the discovery of tube intraepithelial cancer (TIC), but the potential risk factors are still obscure. Due to high tumoral heterogeneity in OC, the establishment of early stage biomarkers is still underway. Microbial infection may induce or result in chronic inflammatory infection and in the pathogenesis of cancers. Microbiome research has shed light on the relationships between the host and microbiota, as well as the direct roles of host pathogens in cancer development, progression, and drug efficacy. While controversial, the detection of viruses within ovarian malignancies and fallopian tube tissues suggests that these pathogens may play a role in the development of OC. Genomic and proteomic approaches have enhanced the methods for identifying candidates in early screening. This article summarizes the existing knowledge related to the molecular mechanisms that lead to tumorigenesis in the ovary, as well as the viruses detected in OC cases and how they may elevate this process.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of Curcumin—From Traditional Past to Present and Future Clinical Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Bachmeier ◽  
Dieter Melchart
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

The efficacy of the plant-derived polyphenol curcumin, in various aspects of health and wellbeing, is matter of public interest. An internet search of the term “Curcumin” displays about 12 million hits. Among the multitudinous information presented on partly doubtful websites, there are reports attracting the reader with promises ranging from eternal youth to cures for incurable diseases. Unfortunately, many of these reports are not based on scientific evidence, but they feed the desideratum of the reader for a “miracle cure”. This circumstance makes it very difficult for researchers, who work in a scientifically sound and evidence-based manner on the therapeutic benefits (or side effects) of curcumin, to demarcate their results from sensational reports that circulate in the web and in other media. This is only one of many obstacles making it difficult to pave curcumin’s way into clinical application; others are its nonpatentability and low economic usability. A further impediment comes from scientists who never worked with curcumin or any other natural plant-derived compound in their own labs. They have never tested these compounds in any scientific assay, neither in vitro nor in vivo; however, they claim, in a sometimes polemic manner, that everything that has so far been published on curcumin’s molecular effects is based on artefacts. The here presented Special Issue comprises a collection of five scientifically sound articles and nine reviews reporting on the therapeutic benefits and the molecular mechanisms of curcumin or of chemically modified curcumin in various diseases ranging from malignant tumors to chronic diseases, microbial infection, and even neurodegenerative diseases. The excellent results of the scientific projects that underlie the five original papers give reason to hope that curcumin will be part of novel treatment strategies in the near future—either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs or therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals New mouse model of pulmonary hypertension induced by respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. H581-H589
Author(s):  
Dai Kimura ◽  
Jordy Saravia ◽  
Sridhar Jaligama ◽  
Isabella McNamara ◽  
Luan D. Vu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Acceleration Time ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) has been observed in up to 75% of infants with moderate to severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in infants with congenital heart disease. The purpose of the present study was to establish a mouse model of PH secondary to RSV bronchiolitis that mimics the disease etiology as it occurs in infants. Neonatal mice were infected with RSV at 5 days of age and then reinfected 4 wk later. Serum-free medium was administered to age-matched mice as a control. Echocardiography and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) measurements via right jugular vein catheterization were conducted 5 and 6 days after the second infection, respectively. Peripheral capillary oxygen saturation monitoring did not indicate hypoxia at 2–4 days post-RSV infection, before reinfection, and at 2–7 days after reinfection. RSV-infected mice had significantly higher RVSP than control mice. Pulsed-wave Doppler recording of the pulmonary blood flow by echocardiogram demonstrated a significantly shortened pulmonary artery acceleration time and decreased pulmonary artery acceleration time-to-ejection time ratio in RSV-infected mice. Morphometry showed that RSV-infected mice exhibited a significantly higher pulmonary artery medial wall thickness and had an increased number of muscularized pulmonary arteries compared with control mice. These findings, confirmed by RVSP measurements, demonstrate the development of PH in the lungs of mice infected with RSV as neonates. This animal model can be used to study the pathogenesis of PH secondary to RSV bronchiolitis and to assess the effect of treatment interventions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first mouse model of respiratory syncytial virus-induced pulmonary hypertension, to our knowledge. This model will allow us to decipher molecular mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension secondary to respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis with the use of knockout and/or transgenic animals and to monitor therapeutic effects with echocardiography.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document