scholarly journals Accumulation of Glycogen and Upregulation of LEA-1 in C. elegans daf-2(e1370) Support Stress Resistance, Not Longevity

Cells ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Zečić ◽  
Ineke Dhondt ◽  
Bart P. Braeckman
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein ◽  
Chemical Chaperone ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Term Energy

DAF-16-dependent activation of a dauer-associated genetic program in the C. elegans insulin/IGF-1 daf-2(e1370) mutant leads to accumulation of large amounts of glycogen with concomitant upregulation of glycogen synthase, GSY-1. Glycogen is a major storage sugar in C. elegans that can be used as a short-term energy source for survival, and possibly as a reservoir for synthesis of a chemical chaperone trehalose. Its role in mitigating anoxia, osmotic and oxidative stress has been demonstrated previously. Furthermore, daf-2 mutants show increased abundance of the group 3 late embryogenesis abundant protein LEA-1, which has been found to act in synergy with trehalose to exert its protective role against desiccation and heat stress in vitro, and to be essential for desiccation tolerance in C. elegans dauer larvae. Here we demonstrate that accumulated glycogen is not required for daf-2 longevity, but specifically protects against hyperosmotic stress, and serves as an important energy source during starvation. Similarly, lea-1 does not act to support daf-2 longevity. Instead, it contributes to increased resistance of daf-2 mutants to heat, osmotic, and UV stress. In summary, our experimental results suggest that longevity and stress resistance can be uncoupled in IIS longevity mutants.

Streblus asper Lour. exerts MAPK and SKN-1 mediated anti-aging, anti-photoaging activities and imparts neuroprotection by ameliorating Aβ in Caenorhabditis elegans

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Mani Iyer Prasanth ◽  
James Michael Brimson ◽  
Dicson Sheeja Malar ◽  
Anchalee Prasansuklab ◽  
Tewin Tencomnao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transgenic Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Streblus Asper

BACKGROUND: Streblus asper Lour., has been reported to have anti-aging and neuroprotective efficacies in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anti-aging, anti-photoaging and neuroprotective efficacies of S. asper in Caenorhabditis elegans. METHODS: C. elegans (wild type and gene specific mutants) were treated with S. asper extract and analyzed for lifespan and other health benefits through physiological assays, fluorescence microscopy, qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS: The plant extract was found to increase the lifespan, reduce the accumulation of lipofuscin and modulate the expression of candidate genes. It could extend the lifespan of both daf-16 and daf-2 mutants whereas the pmk-1 mutant showed no effect. The activation of skn-1 was observed in skn-1::GFP transgenic strain and in qPCR expression. Further, the extract can extend the lifespan of UV-A exposed nematodes along with reducing ROS levels. Additionally, the extract also extends lifespan and reduces paralysis in Aβ transgenic strain, apart from reducing Aβ expression. CONCLUSIONS: S. asper was able to extend the lifespan and healthspan of C. elegans which was independent of DAF-16 pathway but dependent on SKN-1 and MAPK which could play a vital role in eliciting the anti-aging, anti-photoaging and neuroprotective effects, as the extract could impart oxidative stress resistance and neuroprotection.

Levels of MeLEA3, a cDNA Sequence Coding for an Atypical Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein in Cassava, Increase Under In Vitro Salt Stress Treatment

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 997-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carinne de Nazaré Monteiro Costa ◽  
Ailton Borges Santa Brígida ◽  
Bárbara do Nascimento Borges ◽  
Marco Antônio de Menezes Neto ◽  
Luiz Joaquim Castelo Branco Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Cdna Sequence ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Abundant Protein ◽  
Late Embryogenesis

scholarly journals Genetic Transformation of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) with theGusColor Marker, theBarHerbicide Resistance, and the Barley (Hordeum vulgare)HVA1Drought Tolerance Genes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kingdom Kwapata ◽  
Thang Nguyen ◽  
Mariam Sticklen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Late Embryogenesis ◽  
Color Marker ◽  
Selection Of

Five common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) varieties including “Condor,” “Matterhorn,” “Sedona,” “Olathe,” and “Montcalm” were genetically transformed via the Biolistic bombardment of the apical shoot meristem primordium. Transgenes includedguscolor marker which visually confirmed transgenic events, thebarherbicide resistance selectable marker used forin vitroselection of transgenic cultures and which confirmed Liberty herbicide resistant plants, and the barley (Hordeum vulgare) late embryogenesis abundant protein (HVA1) which conferred drought tolerance with a corresponding increase in root length of transgenic plants. Research presented here might assist in production of betterP. vulgarisgermplasm.

scholarly journals Carqueja (Baccharis trimera) Protects against Oxidative Stress andβ-Amyloid-Induced Toxicity inCaenorhabditis elegans

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franciny Aparecida Paiva ◽  
Larissa de Freitas Bonomo ◽  
Patrícia Ferreira Boasquivis ◽  
Igor Thadeu Borges Raposo de Paula ◽  
Joyce Ferreira da Costa Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Amyloid Toxicity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Baccharis Trimera

Carqueja (Baccharis trimera) is a native plant found throughout South America. Several studies have shown that Carqueja has antioxidant activityin vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, analgesic, antihepatotoxic, and antimutagenic properties. However, studies regarding its antioxidant potentialin vivoare limited. In this study, we usedCaenorhabditis elegansas a model to examine the antioxidant effects of a Carqueja hydroalcoholic extract (CHE) on stress resistance and lifespan and to investigate whether CHE has a protective effect in aC. elegansmodel for Alzheimer's disease. Here, we show for the first time, usingin vivoassays, that CHE treatment improved oxidative stress resistance by increasing survival rate and by reducing ROS levels under oxidative stress conditions independently of the stress-related signaling pathways (p38, JNK, and ERK) and transcription factors (SKN-1/Nrf and DAF-16/Foxo) tested here. CHE treatment also increased the defenses againstβ-amyloid toxicity inC. elegans, in part by increasing proteasome activity and the expression of two heat shock protein genes. Our findings suggest a potential neuroprotective use for Carqueja, supporting the idea that dietary antioxidants are a promising approach to boost the defensive systems against stress and neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals In vivo analysis of LEA-1 in C. elegans desiccation tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan D. Hibshman ◽  
Bob Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disordered Proteins ◽  
Lea Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Reporters ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Stress Protection

AbstractCells and organisms typically cannot survive in the absence of water. However, there are some notable exceptions, including animals such as nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers, and some arthropods. One class of proteins known to play a role in desiccation resistance is the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins. These largely disordered proteins protect plants and animals alike from desiccation. A multitude of studies have characterized stress-protective functions of LEA proteins in vitro and in heterologous systems. However, the extent to which LEA proteins exhibit the same functions in their native contexts in animals is unclear. Furthermore, nothing is known about the distribution of LEA proteins in multicellular organisms or tissue-specific requirements in conferring stress protection. To study the endogenous function of LEA proteins in an animal, we created a true null mutant of C. elegans LEA-1, as well as endogenous fluorescent reporters of the protein. We confirmed that C. elegans lacking LEA-1 are sensitive to desiccation. LEA-1 mutant animals were also sensitive to heat and osmotic stress and were prone to protein aggregation. During desiccation, LEA-1 expression increased and became more widespread throughout the body. LEA-1 was required at high levels in body wall muscle for animals to survive desiccation and osmotic stress. We identified minimal motifs within LEA-1 that are sufficient to increase desiccation survival of E. coli. Our results provide insights into the endogenous functions and expression dynamics of an LEA protein in a multicellular animal. We show that LEA-1 buffers animals from a broad range of stresses. Our identification of functional motifs within the protein suggests the possibility of engineering LEA-1-derived peptides for desiccation protection.

scholarly journals Stress-dependent dynamic and reversible formation of cytoskeleton-like filaments and gel-transition by tardigrade tolerance proteins

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Tanaka ◽  
Tomomi Nakano ◽  
Kento Watanabe ◽  
Kazutoshi Masuda ◽  
Shuichi Kamata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Cytoskeletal Proteins ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Integrity ◽  
Filament Formation ◽  
Stress Dependent ◽  
Gel Transition

AbstractTardigrades are able to tolerate almost complete dehydration by entering a reversible ametabolic state called anhydrobiosis and resume their animation upon rehydration. Dehydrated tardigrades are exceptionally stable and withstand various physical extremes. Although trehalose and late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins have been extensively studied as potent protectants against dehydration in other anhydrobiotic organisms, tardigrades produce high amounts of tardigrade-unique protective cytoplasmic-abundant heat-soluble (CAHS) proteins which are essential for the anhydrobiotic survival of tardigrades. However, the precise mechanisms of their action in this protective role are not fully understood. In the present study, we first postulated the presence of tolerance proteins that form protective condensates via phase separation in a stress-dependent manner and searched for tardigrade proteins that reversibly form condensates upon dehydration-like stress. Through comprehensive analysis, we identified 336 such proteins, collectively dubbed “dehydration-induced reversibly condensing proteins (DRPs)”. Unexpectedly, we rediscovered CAHS proteins as highly enriched in DRPs, 3 of which were major components of DRPs. We revealed that these CAHS proteins reversibly polymerize into many cytoskeleton-like filaments depending on hyperosmotic stress in cultured cells and undergo reversible gel-transition in vitro, which increases the mechanical strength of cell-like microdroplets. The conserved putative helical C-terminal region is necessary and sufficient for filament formation by CAHS proteins, and mutations disrupting the secondary structure of this region impaired both the filament formation and the gel transition. On the basis of these results, we propose that CAHS proteins are novel cytoskeletal proteins that form filamentous networks and undergo gel-transition in a stress-dependent manner to provide on-demand physical stabilization of cell integrity against deformative forces during dehydration and contribute to the exceptional stability of dehydrated tardigrades.

Apigenin Alleviates Renal Fibroblast Activation through AMPK and ERK Signaling Pathways In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1107-1118
Author(s):  
Ningning Li ◽  
Zhan Wang ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Yanfei Lei ◽  
Xianghua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Fibroblast Activation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Activated Fibroblasts ◽  
Tgf Β1

Objective: Renal fibrosis is a common pathway leading to the progression of chronic kidney disease. Activated fibroblasts contribute remarkably to the development of renal fibrosis. Although apigenin has been demonstrated to play a protective role from fibrotic diseases, its pharmacological effect on renal fibroblast activation remains largely unknown. Materials and Methods: Here, we examined the functional role of apigenin in the activation of renal fibroblasts response to transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and its potential mechanisms. Cultured renal fibroblasts (NRK-49F) were exposed to apigenin (1, 5, 10 and 20 μM), followed by the stimulation of TGF-β1 (2 ng/mL) for 24 h. The markers of fibroblast activation were determined. In order to confirm the anti-fibrosis effect of apigenin, the expression of fibrosis-associated genes in renal fibroblasts was assessed. As a consequence, apigenin alleviated fibroblast proliferation and fibroblastmyofibroblast differentiation induced by TGF-β1. Result: Notably, apigenin significantly inhibited the fibrosis-associated genes expression in renal fibroblasts. Moreover, apigenin treatment significantly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Apigenin treatment also obviously reduced TGF-β1 induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 but not Smad2/3, p38 and JNK MAPK in renal fibroblasts. Conclusion: In a summary, these results indicate that apigenin inhibits renal fibroblast proliferation, differentiation and function by AMPK activation and reduced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting it could be an attractive therapeutic potential for the treatment of renal fibrosis.

Targeting Tau Hyperphosphorylation via Kinase Inhibition: Strategy to Address Alzheimer's Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1059-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Abu Turab Naqvi ◽  
Gulam Mustafa Hasan ◽  
Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Tau Protein ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Paired Helical Filaments ◽  
Tau Hyperphosphorylation ◽  
Microtubule Stabilization ◽  
Extracellular Signal

Microtubule-associated protein tau is involved in the tubulin binding leading to microtubule stabilization in neuronal cells which is essential for stabilization of neuron cytoskeleton. The regulation of tau activity is accommodated by several kinases which phosphorylate tau protein on specific sites. In pathological conditions, abnormal activity of tau kinases such as glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK3β), cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and microtubule affinity regulating kinase (MARK) lead to tau hyperphosphorylation. Hyperphosphorylation of tau protein leads to aggregation of tau into paired helical filaments like structures which are major constituents of neurofibrillary tangles, a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. In this review, we discuss various tau protein kinases and their association with tau hyperphosphorylation. We also discuss various strategies and the advancements made in the area of Alzheimer's disease drug development by designing effective and specific inhibitors for such kinases using traditional in vitro/in vivo methods and state of the art in silico techniques.

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