scholarly journals Low-Temperature Preparation of SiO2/Nb2O5/TiO2–SiO2 Broadband Antireflective Coating for the Visible via Acid-Catalyzed Sol–Gel Method

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Siyuan Xu ◽  
Hongbao Jia ◽  
Chunyang Wang ◽  
Wenping Zhao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Multilayer Structure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Sio2 Film ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Triple Layer ◽  
Low Temperature Preparation ◽  
Ar Coating

Multilayer broadband antireflective (AR) coatings consisting of porous layers usually suffers poor functional durability. Based on a quarter-half-quarter multilayer structure, AR coatings with dense SiO2 film as the top layer are designed, and refractive index for each layer is optimized. After heat-treated at only 150 °C, refractive index of Nb2O5 film reaches to 2.072 (at 550 nm), which can meet design requirements of the middle layer. TiO2–SiO2 composites with controllable refractive indices are selected to be used as the bottom layer. The obtained triple-layer AR coating presents excellent performance, and the average transmittance at 400–800 nm attains 98.41%. Dense layers endow the multilayer structure good abrasion-resistance, and hexamethyldisilazane is further used to modify the surface of the AR coating, which can greatly improve the hydrophobicity of the coating. The proposed triple-layer broadband AR coating has potential value in practical applications of sol–gel deposition.

Quantum State in Fabricating Silica Antireflective Coatings

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 247-250
Author(s):  
Rui Min Jin ◽  
Zhi Duan Cai ◽  
Li Min Cang ◽  
Tao Yan
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Quantum State ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sio2 Film ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
Antireflective Coating ◽  
Antireflective Coatings ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Based on TEOS system and sol-gel process, together with catalysts, Antireflective coating films prepared by sol—gel on glass substrate have been processed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). the refractive index and thinkness of SiO2 film is exactly controlled. The films are characterized by ellipsometer and SEM respectively. The quantum states in these processions are found and discussed.

Effect of Different Temperatures on Fabricating Silica Antireflective Coatings

2012 ◽  
Vol 271-272 ◽  
pp. 251-254
Author(s):  
Li Na Zhang ◽  
Rui Min Jin
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Glass Substrate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sio2 Film ◽  
Antireflective Coating ◽  
Antireflective Coatings ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Different Temperatures

Based on TEOS system and sol-gel process, together with catalysts, Antireflective coating films prepared by sol—gel on glass substrate have been processed by furnace thermal annealing (FA). the refractive index and thinkness of SiO2 film is exactly controlled. The films are characterized by ellipsometer and SEM respectively. The effect of different temperatures in these processions are found and discussed

scholarly journals Research on Improving the Durability of Bridge Pavement Using a High-Modulus Asphalt Mixture

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Wang ◽  
Shaochan Duan ◽  
Haoran Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Depth Prediction ◽  
Pavement Structure

In order to improve the durability of the asphalt pavement on a cement concrete bridge, this study investigated the effect of the modulus of the asphalt mixture at the bottom layer on the mechanical response of bridge pavement, along with a type of emerging bridge pavement structure. In addition, the design method and pavement performance of a high-modulus asphalt mixture were investigated using laboratory and field tests, and the life expectancy of the deck pavement structure was predicted based on the rutting deformation. The results showed that the application of a high-modulus asphalt mixture as the bottom asphalt layer decreased the stress level of the pavement structure. The new high-modulus asphalt mixture displayed excellent comprehensive performance, i.e., the dynamic stability reached 9632 times/mm and the fatigue life reached 1.65 million cycles. Based on the rutting depth prediction, using high-modulus mixtures for the bridge pavement prolonged the service life from the original 5 years to 10 years, which significantly enhanced the durability of the pavement structure. These research results could be of potential interest for practical applications in the construction industry.

scholarly journals Kinetics of slow release of nitrogen fertiliser from multi-layered nanofibrous structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Javazmi ◽  
Anthony Young ◽  
Gavin J. Ash ◽  
Tobias Low
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Modern Agriculture ◽  
Triple Layer ◽  
Urea Release ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibres ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractFertilisers are essential in modern agriculture to enhance plant growth, crop production and product quality. Recent research has focused on the development of delivery systems designed to prolong fertiliser release. This study introduces a new technology to encapsulate and release molecules of fertilisers by using multi-layered electrospun nanofibre as a carrier. Single-layer poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofibres loaded with urea were fabricated using electrospinning. Triple-layer nanofibrous structures were produced by electrospinning polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) nanofibres as external layers with PLLA nanofibres impregnated with urea fertiliser as the middle layer. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) were employed to characterize the morphology of electrospun nanofibres. Urea release dynamic was analysed using a total nitrogen instrument (TNM-1). The results indicated that triple-layered urea-impregnated nanofibrous structures led to lower initial rate of nitrogen release and slower release rate of cumulative nitrogen which extended for more than three months. It is concluded that triple-layer nanofibrous structures have the potential for slow release delivery of fertilisers.

scholarly journals High-Gain Vivaldi Antenna with Wide Bandwidth Characteristics for 5G Mobile and Ku-Band Radar Applications

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 667
Author(s):  
Raza Ullah ◽  
Sadiq Ullah ◽  
Farooq Faisal ◽  
Rizwan Ullah ◽  
Dong-you Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Radar Applications ◽  
Vivaldi Antenna ◽  
5G Mobile Communication ◽  
Element Array ◽  
Ku Band

In this paper, antipodal Vivaldi antenna is designed for 5th generation (5G) mobile communication and Ku-band applications. The proposed designed has three layers. The upper layer consists of eight-element array of split-shaped leaf structures, which is fed by a 1-to-8 power divider network. Middle layer is a substrate made of Rogers 5880. The bottom layer consists of truncated ground and shorter mirror-image split leaf structures. The overall size of the designed antenna is confined significantly to 33.31 × 54.96 × 0.787 (volume in mm3), which is equivalent to 2λo× 3.3λo× 0.05λo (λo is free-space wavelength at 18 GHz). Proposed eight elements antenna is multi-band in nature covering Ku-bands (14.44–20.98 GHz), two millimeter wave (mmW) bands i.e., 24.34–29 GHz and 33–40 GHz, which are candidate frequency bands for 5G communications. The Ku-Band is suitable for radar applications. Proposed eight elements antenna is very efficient and has stable gain for 5G mobile communication and Ku-band applications. The simulation results are experimentally validated by testing the fabricated prototypes of the proposed design.

Development of Intelligent Hierarchical Control for a Hydraulic Manipulator

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Rahbari ◽  
Clarence W. deSilva
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Control ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Mechanical Processing ◽  
Pd Controller ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Hydraulic Actuator ◽  
Intelligent Controller ◽  
Hydraulic Manipulator ◽  
Input Response

Abstract This paper presents the development of a hierarchical intelligent controller for a hydraulic manipulator, which has been designed to be an integral part of an automated machine for mechanical processing of salmon. The developed controller for this hydraulic actuator is a three-layer hierarchical system. In the bottom layer of the hierarchy, a conventional proportional plus derivative (PD) controller is used to control the position of the cutting blade. The middle layer monitors the performance of the manipulator, preprocesses the response signals, and extracts the performance parameters, based on a step-input response. The top layer infers the tuning actions for the PD servo. The knowledge base for tuning the low level controller has been developed and represented by fuzzy rulesbase modules. The development of this hierarchical control system is discussed and some experimental results are given.

scholarly journals Bach Adsorption Study for the Extraction of Silver Ions by Hydrazone Compounds from Aqueous Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdussalam Salhin Mohamad Ali ◽  
Norfarhah Abdul Razak ◽  
Ismail Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Silver Ions ◽  
Transition Metal Ions ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Sorption Characteristics

Sorbent materials based on a hydrazone Schiff base compound, C14H11BrN4O4, were prepared either by immobilizing the ligand into sol-gel (SG1) or bonding to silica (SG2). The sorbent materials were characterized by FT-IR, EDX, SEM, TEM, and TGA. The sorption characteristics of a matrix of eight transition metal ions (Ag+, Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Fe3+, Pb2+, Zn2+, and Mn2+) using batch method were studied. Several key parameters that affected the extraction efficiency such as pH, contact time, metal ions concentration, and gel size (for SGl) were investigated and optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the physically immobilized hydrazone sorbent (SG1) exhibits highest selectivity towards Ag+ions, while the chemically bonded hydrazone sorbent (SG2) exhibits high extraction for all metal ions tested. However, for practical applications such as the removal and preconcentration of Ag+, the physically immobilized sorbent (SG1) is preferred.

Triple layer refractive index profile for tapered fibre beam expanders

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
S. Tammela ◽  
P. Pöyhönen ◽  
A. Tervonen
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Refractive Index Profile ◽  
Index Profile ◽  
Triple Layer

scholarly journals Mode Sensitivity Exploration of Silica–Titania Waveguide for Refractive Index Sensing Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 7452
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Butt ◽  
Andrzej Kaźmierczak ◽  
Cuma Tyszkiewicz ◽  
Paweł Karasiński ◽  
Ryszard Piramidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
Infrared Wavelength ◽  
Refractive Index Sensing ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Coating Method

In this paper, a novel and cost-effective photonic platform based on silica–titania material is discussed. The silica–titania thin films were grown utilizing the sol–gel dip-coating method and characterized with the help of the prism-insertion technique. Afterwards, the mode sensitivity analysis of the silica–titania ridge waveguide is investigated via the finite element method. Silica–titania waveguide systems are highly attractive due to their ease of development, low fabrication cost, low propagation losses and operation in both visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges. Finally, a ring resonator (RR) sensor device was modelled for refractive index sensing applications, offering a sensitivity of 230 nm/RIU, a figure of merit (FOM) of 418.2 RIU−1, and Q-factor of 2247.5 at the improved geometric parameters. We believe that the abovementioned integrated photonics platform is highly suitable for high-performance and economically reasonable optical sensing devices.

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