Natural Ingredients in Functional Coatings—Recent Advances and Future Challenges

In recent decades, coating materials have gained researchers’ interest, finding applications in different areas such as antimicrobial coatings for biomedical applications, coatings for increasing the shelf-life of commercial products, or coatings for the conservation of cultural heritage artifacts. The use of new types of coating materials based on natural ingredients can lead to the removal of harmful chemicals and contribute to the development of materials having different and promising properties. New challenges can appear both in the production process, as well as in the case of final application, when coating materials must be applied on various supports. The present review paper aims to be a critical discussion regarding the possibility of using natural ingredients as functional coatings, and to prove that the same material can be used in different fields, from the biomedical to environmental, or from cultural heritage protection to the food and cosmetic industries. The paper is based on the newest published studies, and its main goal is to be an inspiration source for researchers, in order to create more functional and applicable composite coatings in specific fields.

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Sequence Does Not Matter: The Biomedical Applications of DNA-Based Coatings and Cores

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222312884 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 12884

Author(s):

Svetlana Batasheva ◽

Rawil Fakhrullin

Keyword(s):

Material Science ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Review Paper ◽

Dna Nanotechnology ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Raw Material ◽

Antimicrobial Coatings ◽

Sequence Recognition ◽

Structural Dna Nanotechnology ◽

Biocompatible Coatings

Biomedical applications of DNA are diverse but are usually associated with specific recognition of target nucleotide sequences or proteins and with gene delivery for therapeutic or biotechnological purposes. However, other aspects of DNA functionalities, like its nontoxicity, biodegradability, polyelectrolyte nature, stability, thermo-responsivity and charge transfer ability that are rather independent of its sequence, have recently become highly appreciated in material science and biomedicine. Whereas the latest achievements in structural DNA nanotechnology associated with DNA sequence recognition and Watson–Crick base pairing between complementary nucleotides are regularly reviewed, the recent uses of DNA as a raw material in biomedicine have not been summarized. This review paper describes the main biomedical applications of DNA that do not involve any synthesis or extraction of oligo- or polynucleotides with specified sequences. These sequence-independent applications currently include some types of drug delivery systems, biocompatible coatings, fire retardant and antimicrobial coatings and biosensors. The reinforcement of DNA properties by DNA complexation with nanoparticles is also described as a field of further research.

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Recent Developments in the Application of Inorganic Nanomaterials and Nanosystems for the Protection of Cultural Heritage Organic Artifacts

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano12020207 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 207

Author(s):

Toma Fistos ◽

Irina Fierascu ◽

Radu Claudiu Fierascu

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Review Paper ◽

Critical Discussion ◽

Human Identity ◽

Support Materials ◽

Recent Developments ◽

Protection Mechanisms ◽

Inorganic Nanomaterials ◽

Aesthetic Characteristics ◽

Cultural Heritage Objects

Cultural heritage (CH) represents human identity and evidence of the existence and activities that people have left over time. In response to the action of aggressive degrading factors, different materials have been developed and used to protect cultural heritage artifacts. The discovery of optimal materials for this purpose also raises several problems, mainly related to their compatibility with the support material, the most important aspect being that they must preserve their aesthetic characteristics. In this context, the present review paper aims to provide a critical discussion about the possibilities of using different inorganic nanomaterials and recipes for the conservation of cultural heritage objects of organic nature (such as paper, wood, and other support materials). In addition, also are covered different aspect concerning protection mechanisms and application methods as well as future perspectives in this area.

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Biomedical Applications and Patents on Metallic Nanoparticles

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200430005827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Geetanjali Singh ◽

Pramod Kumar Sharma ◽

Rishabha Malviya

Keyword(s):

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Size Range ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Biological Methods ◽

Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy ◽

Physical And Chemical

Aim/Objective: The author writes the manuscript by reviewing the literatures related to the biomedical application of metallic nanoparticles. The term metal nanoparticles are used to describe the nanosized metals with the dimension within the size range of 1-100 nm. Methods: The preparation of metallic nanoparticles and their application is an influential area for research. Among various physical and chemical methods (viz. chemical reduction, thermal decomposition, etc.) for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, biological methods have been suggested as possible eco-friendly alternatives. The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is having many problems inclusive of solvent toxicity, the formation of hazardous byproducts and consumption of energy. So it is important to design eco-friendly benign procedures for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Results: From the literature survey, we concluded that metallic nanoparticles have applications in the treatment of different diseases. Metallic nanoparticles are having a great advantage in the detection of cancer, diagnosis, and therapy. And it can also have properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-angiogenic. Conclusion: In this review, recent upcoming advancement of biomedical application of nanotechnology and their future challenges has been discussed.

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Current Research Status on Cold Sprayed Amorphous Alloy Coatings: A Review

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11020206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Qiang Wang ◽

Peng Han ◽

Shuo Yin ◽

Wen-Juan Niu ◽

Le Zhai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Amorphous Alloy ◽

Amorphous Alloys ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Thermal Spraying ◽

Functional Coatings ◽

Research Status ◽

Key Issues ◽

Wear And Corrosion Resistance ◽

Amorphous Coatings

Compared with traditional crystalline materials, amorphous alloys have excellent corrosion and wear resistance and high elastic modulus, due to their unique short-range ordered and long-range disordered atomic arrangement as well as absence of defects, such as grain boundaries and dislocations. Owing to the limitation of the bulk size of amorphous alloys as structural materials, the application as functional coatings can widely extend their use in various engineering fields. This review first briefly introduces the problems involved during high temperature preparation processes of amorphous coatings, including laser cladding and thermal spraying. Cold spray (CS) is characterized by a low-temperature solid-state deposition, and thus the oxidation and crystallization related with a high temperature environment can be avoided during the formation of coatings. Therefore, CS has unique advantages in the preparation of fully amorphous alloy coatings. The research status of Fe-, Al-, Ni-, and Zr-based amorphous alloy coatings and amorphous composite coatings are reviewed. The influence of CS process parameters, and powders and substrate conditions on the microstructure, hardness, as well as wear and corrosion resistance of amorphous coatings is analyzed. Meanwhile, the deposition mechanism of amorphous alloy coatings is discussed by simulation and experiment. Finally, the key issues involved in the preparation of amorphous alloy coatings via CS technology are summarized, and the future development is also being prospected.

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Epoxy\Epoxy Composite\Epoxy Hybrid Composite Coatings for Tribological Applications—A Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

M. M. A. Baig ◽

M. Abdul Samad

Keyword(s):

Tribological Properties ◽

Hybrid Composite ◽

Review Paper ◽

Epoxy Composite ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Load Bearing Capacity ◽

Corrosive Media ◽

Fluid Handling ◽

Low Load ◽

Made In

Epoxy composite coating systems generally find their usage in applications such as, fluid handling systems to protect components from corrosive media. However, their use in demanding tribological applications such as, in sliding components of machines, are known to be limited. This is often attributed to their low load bearing capacity combined with poor thermal stability under severe p-v regimes. Researchers have tried to enhance the tribological properties of the epoxy coatings using a combination of several types of micro/nano sized fillers to produce composite or hybrid composite coatings. Hence, this review paper aims to focus on the recent advances made in developing the epoxy coating systems. Special attention would be paid to the types and properties of nano-fillers that have been commonly used to develop these coatings, different dispersion techniques adopted and the effects that each of these fillers (and their combinations) have on the tribological properties of these coatings.

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Current State and Challenges of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites as Feeder in FDM-Based 3D Printing

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13142289 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (14) ◽

pp. 2289

Author(s):

Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan ◽

Jie Sheng Leong ◽

Wai Nam Chan ◽

Jie Ren Tan ◽

Zainon Sharmila Binti Shamsuddin

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Fibre ◽

Critical Discussion ◽

Fused Deposition Modelling ◽

Preparation Methods ◽

Fused Deposition ◽

Current State ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Raster Angle ◽

Fibre Reinforced Polymer

As one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM) shows great potential in printing natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRC). However, several challenges, such as low mechanical properties and difficulty in printing, need to be overcome. Therefore, the effort to improve the NFRC for use in AM has been accelerating in recent years. This review attempts to summarise the current approaches of using NFRC as a feeder for AM. The effects of fibre treatments, composite preparation methods and addition of compatibilizer agents were analysed and discussed. Additionally, current methods of producing feeders from NFRCs were reviewed and discussed. Mechanical property of printed part was also dependent on the printing parameters, and thus the effects of printing temperature, layer height, infill and raster angle were discussed, and the best parameters reported by other researchers were identified. Following that, an overview of the mechanical properties of these composites as reported by various researchers was provided. Next, the use of optimisation techniques for NFRCs was discussed and analysed. Lastly, the review provided a critical discussion on the overall topic, identified all research gaps present in the use of NFRC for AM processes, and to overcome future challenges.

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An Unconventional Field Mapping Application: A Complete Opensource Workflow Solution Applied to Lithological Mapping of the Coatings of Cultural Heritage

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10060357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 357

Author(s):

Niccolò Iandelli ◽

Massimo Coli ◽

Tessa Donigaglia ◽

Anna Livia Ciuffreda

Keyword(s):

Cultural Heritage ◽

Coating Materials ◽

Historical Building ◽

New Approach ◽

Photo Interpretation ◽

Organization Management ◽

Field Mapping ◽

Lithological Mapping ◽

Entire Amount

The conservation of a primary importance historical building requires organization, management, continuous updating, comparison, and visualization of a large amount of data of different nature and origin. In relation to these aspects the use of a GIS brings various advantages including single and univocal management of the entire amount of existing data in a relational, dynamic, updatable and queryable way. The integration of a mobile solution permits the updating of the dataset and checking on site all information. The workflow presented uses opensource solutions, desktop and mobile, which allows the creation of an unconventional lithological Field Mapping activity: starting from photo interpretation and in situ survey, all the coating materials (stone, etc.) of some monuments of primary historical and cultural interest have been mapped (i.e., Duomo di Firenze, Duomo di Prato). The product can be considered as a lithological cartography, vertically oriented, processed by field surveys, geognostic surveys and photo interpretation. All combined to create a “lithological” mapping of the coatings of the various monuments; the advantage is a new approach for conservation and restoration of Cultural Heritage. The proposed workflow involves a mobile solution, opensource, that allows the verification and management of the database in the field.

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Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly Composite Coatings for Improved Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Mg Alloy for Biomedical Applications

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11050515 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 515

Author(s):

Tongfang Liu ◽

Song Rui ◽

Sheng Li

Keyword(s):

Wear Resistance ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Covalent Bond ◽

Mg Alloys ◽

Mg Alloy ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Corrosion Propagation ◽

Chemical Linkage

Mg alloys are promising biomedical metal due to their natural degradability, good processability, and favorable mechanical properties. However, the poor corrosion resistance limits their further clinical applications. In this study, the combined strategies of surface chemical treatment and layer-by-layer self-assembly were used to prepare composite coatings on Mg alloys to improve the biocorrosion resistance. Specially, alkalized AZ91 Mg alloy generated chemical linkage with silane via Si–O–Mg covalent bond at the interface. Subsequently, Si–OH group from silane formed a crosslinked silane layer by Si–O–Si network. Further chemical assembly with graphene oxide (GO), lengthened the diffusion pathway of corrosive medium. The chemically assembled composite coatings could firmly bond to Mg alloy substrate, which persistently and effectively acted as compact barriers against corrosion propagation. Improved biocorrosion resistance of AZ91 Mg alloy with self-assembly composite coatings of silane/GO was subsequently confirmed by immersion tests. Besides, the Mg alloy exhibited good wear resistance due to outside layer of GO with a lubricant effect. Cell viability of higher than 75% had also been found for the alloy with self-assembly composite coatings, which showed good cytocompatibility.

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Impact of anti-biofouling surface coatings on the properties of nanomaterials and their biomedical applications

Journal of Materials Chemistry B ◽

10.1039/c7tb01695f ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 9-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Yuancheng Li ◽

Yaolin Xu ◽

Candace C. Fleischer ◽

Jing Huang ◽

Run Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Coating ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Biological Systems ◽

Surface Coatings ◽

Specific Interactions ◽

Coating Materials

Various anti-biofouling surface coating materials for nanoparticles have been reviewed for the reduction of their non-specific interactions with biological systems.

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Electrodeposition of MgO/Calcium Phosphate Composite Coatings on Titanium for Biomedical Applications

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.785-786.872 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 785-786 ◽

pp. 872-876

Author(s):

Yong Huang ◽

Shu Guang Han ◽

Ya Jing Yan ◽

Xiao Feng Pang

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Phase Composition ◽

Calcium Phosphate ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Lower Layer ◽

Composite Coatings ◽

Polarization Test ◽

Coated Surface ◽

Bare Titanium ◽

Superior Corrosion Resistance

This work elucidated corrosion resistance of the electrodeposited MgO/calcium phosphate (Ca-P/MgO) films on titanium (Ti). The microstructure, phase composition, and corrosion resistance of the films were studied. Results revealed that The Ca-P/MgO composite coatings were rough and inhomogeneous, the upper layer was floral-like crystals or flakes agglomerates morphology, and the lower layer was needle-like crystals which were mutually cross linked. The coating was very dense, and the content of Mg was about 0.3 wt%. Potentiodynamic polarization test manifested that the Ca-P/MgO-coated surface exhibited superior corrosion resistance than the bare titanium.

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