scholarly journals Encapsulation of Curcumin in Persian Gum Nanoparticles: An Assessment of Physicochemical, Sensory, and Nutritional Properties

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Arash Ershadi ◽  
Karim Parastouei ◽  
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah ◽  
Zahra Hadian ◽  
Jose M. Lorenzo
Keyword(s):  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Stability Limit ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Nutritional Properties ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Newtonian Behavior

Curcumin is the hydrophobic yellow pigment in turmeric with considerable health-promoting effects. However, its low water solubility and stability limit its application. In the current study, curcumin within Persian gum (PG) nanoparticles at 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5% PG concentrations were encapsulated. The size of the nanoparticles was in the range of 326.0–397.4 nm. Based on the TEM images of curcumin-loaded nanoparticles, all samples had a spherical shape and existed in a particular form without aggregation. Encapsulation efficiency was in the range of 86.0–94.0%. Increasing PG concentration enhanced the encapsulation efficiency of curcumin. PG nanoparticles provided good protection on curcumin against light, hydrogen peroxide, and acidic pH. The lowest stability was related to free curcumin, and the highest was related to PG nanoparticles at 1.5% concentration. Curcumin-loaded nanoparticles at 1.5% concentration were added to kefir at 1%, 2%, and 3% concentrations. No significant differences were observed between acidity, pH, apparent viscosity, and consistency index of fortified and unfortified kefir samples. All kefir samples showed non-Newtonian behavior. Feeding rats with fortified kefir samples caused a lower level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) compared to feeding with a standard diet.

scholarly journals The Combination of Berberine, Tocotrienols and Coffee Extracts Improves Metabolic Profile and Liver Steatosis by the Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Hepatic miR-122 and miR-34a Expression in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Valentina Cossiga ◽  
Vincenzo Lembo ◽  
Cecilia Nigro ◽  
Paola Mirra ◽  
Claudia Miele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Non-alcoholic-fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is spreading worldwide. Specific drugs for NAFLD are not yet available, even if some plant extracts show beneficial properties. We evaluated the effects of a combination, composed by Berberis Aristata, Elaeis Guineensis and Coffea Canephora, on the development of obesity, hepatic steatosis, insulin-resistance and on the modulation of hepatic microRNAs (miRNA) levels and microbiota composition in a mouse model of liver damage. C57BL/6 mice were fed with standard diet (SD, n = 8), high fat diet (HFD, n = 8) or HFD plus plant extracts (HFD+E, n = 8) for 24 weeks. Liver expression of miR-122 and miR-34a was evaluated by quantitativePCR. Microbiome analysis was performed on cecal content by 16S rRNA sequencing. HFD+E-mice showed lower body weight (p < 0.01), amelioration of insulin-sensitivity (p = 0.021), total cholesterol (p = 0.014), low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol (p < 0.001), alanine-aminotransferase (p = 0.038) and hepatic steatosis compared to HFD-mice. While a decrease of hepatic miR-122 and increase of miR-34a were observed in HFD-mice compared to SD-mice, both these miRNAs had similar levels to SD-mice in HFD+E-mice. Moreover, a different microbial composition was found between SD- and HFD-mice, with a partial rescue of dysbiosis in HFD+E-mice. This combination of plant extracts had a beneficial effect on HFD-induced NAFLD by the modulation of miR-122, miR-34a and gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Deficiency of ASGR1 in pigs recapitulates reduced risk factor for cardiovascular disease in humans

PLoS Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. e1009891
Author(s):  
Baocai Xie ◽  
Xiaochen Shi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Bo Xia ◽  
Jia Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Atherogenic Diet ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Reduced Risk

Genetic variants in the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1) are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Given the cardiovascular similarities between pigs and humans, we generated ASGR1-deficient pigs using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. These pigs show age-dependent low levels of non-HDL-C under standard diet. When received an atherogenic diet for 6 months, ASGR1-deficient pigs show lower levels of non-HDL-C and less atherosclerotic lesions than that of controls. Furthermore, by analysis of hepatic transcriptome and in vivo cholesterol metabolism, we show that ASGR1 deficiency reduces hepatic de novo cholesterol synthesis by downregulating 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), and increases cholesterol clearance by upregulating the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which together contribute to the low levels of non-HDL-C. Despite the cardioprotective effect, we unexpectedly observed mild to moderate hepatic injury in ASGR1-deficient pigs, which has not been documented in humans with ASGR1 variants. Thus, targeting ASGR1 might be an effective strategy to reduce hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis, whereas further clinical evidence is required to assess its hepatic impact.

Western diet in the perinatal period promotes dysautonomia in the offspring of adult rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Vidal-Santos ◽  
F. N. Macedo ◽  
M. N. S. Santana ◽  
V. U. De Melo ◽  
J. L. de Brito Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Systolic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigated the impact of a western diet during gestation and lactation on the anthropometry, serum biochemical, blood pressure and cardiovascular autonomic control on the offspring. Male Wistar rats were divided into two groups according to their mother’s diet received: control group (C: 18% calories of lipids) and westernized group (W: 32% calories of lipids). After weaning both groups received standard diet. On the 60th day of life, blood samples were collected for the analysis of fasting glucose and lipidogram. Cardiovascular parameters were measured on the same period. Autonomic nervous system modulation was evaluated by spectrum analysis of heart rate (HR) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP). The W increased glycemia (123±2v. 155±2 mg/dl), low-density lipoprotein (15±1v. 31±2 mg/dl), triglycerides (49±1v. 85±2 mg/dl), total cholesterol (75±2v. 86±2 mg/dl), and decreased high-density lipoprotein (50±4v. 38±3 mg/dl), as well as increased body mass (209±4v. 229±6 g) than C. Furthermore, the W showed higher SAP (130±4v. 157±2 mmHg), HR (357±10v. 428±14 bpm), sympathetic modulation to vessels (2.3±0.56v. 6±0.84 mmHg2) and LF/HF ratio (0.15±0.01v. 0.7±0.2) than C. These findings suggest that a western diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to overweight associated with autonomic misbalance and hypertension in adulthood.

scholarly journals Physicochemical transfer of [3H]cholesterol from plasma lipoproteins to cultured human fibroblasts

1985 ◽  
Vol 228 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Lundberg ◽  
L A Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Free System

The transfer of free cholesterol from [3H]cholesterol-labelled plasma lipoproteins to cultured human lung fibroblasts was studied in a serum-free medium. The uptake of [3H]cholesterol depended upon time of incubation, concentration of lipoprotein in the medium, and temperature. Modified (reduced and methylated) low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which did not enter the cells by the receptor pathway, gave a somewhat lower transfer rate than unmodified LDL, but if the transfer values for native LDL were corrected for the receptor-mediated uptake of cholesterol the difference was eliminated. The initial rates of transfer of [3H]cholesterol from LDL and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were of the same order of magnitude (0.67 +/- 0.05 and 0.75 +/- 0.06 nmol of cholesterol/h per mg of cell protein, respectively) while that from very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) was much lower (0.23 +/- 0.02 nmol of cholesterol/h per mg) (means +/- S.D., n = 5). The activation energy for transfer of cholesterol from reduced, methylated LDL to fibroblasts was determined to be 57.5 kJ/mol. If albumin was added to the incubation medium the transfer of [3H]cholesterol was enhanced, while that of [14C]dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine was decreased compared with the protein-free system. The results demonstrate that, in spite of its low water solubility, free cholesterol can move from lipoproteins to cellular membranes, probably by aqueous diffusion. We propose that physicochemical transfer of free cholesterol may be a significant mechanism for net uptake of the sterol into the artery during atherogenesis.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of fructose and glucose on the lipid and carbohydrate metabolism of perfused rat liver

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Topping ◽  
P. A. Mayes
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Hepatic Uptake ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Hepatic Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Portal ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

1. Livers from rats fed on a standard diet were perfused with whole blood, and infused continuously with glucose and fructose at equimolar rates.2. Infusion of fructose increased both the secretion of very-low-density-lipoprotein (VLDL)-triglycerides and the incorporation of free fatty acids (FFA) from the perfusate into VLDL-lipids, but neither of these two processes was affected by infusion of glucose.3. Infusion of fructose decreased the oxidation and increased the esterification of FFA, but glucose infusion had no effect on these processes. When fructose and glucose were infused together there was a further decrease in oxidation.4. When fructose was infused alone or together with glucose, blood concentrations rapidly became stabilized at those found in the hepatic portal vein in vivo, with similar rates of hepatic uptake to those found in the intact animal. Infusion of glucose alone resulted in continuously increasing perfusate glucose concentrations, and rates of uptake which were only 20 % of those for fructose. Blood glucose concentrations were reduced, and lactate concentrations were increased by fructose infusion, and when glucose and fructose were infused together there was a greatly increased rate of glucose uptake.5. Liver glycogen was not affected by the infusion of fructose or glucose alone; however, their combined addition significantly increased its concentration.6. Uptake of perfusate FFA was not affected by either fructose or glucose infusions.7. The results are discussed in terms of the differences in nutrition and metabolism between glucose and fructose, with particular reference to the development of hyper- triglyceridaemia.

scholarly journals Specialized hypocholesterolemic foods: Ingredients, technology, effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
Valentina Vorobyeva ◽  
Irina Vorobyeva ◽  
Alla Kochetkova ◽  
Vladimir Mazo ◽  
Sergey Zorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diet Therapy ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

Introduction. Overweight and obesity are leading risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MS). From 20 to 35% of Russian people have this condition, depending on their age. MS is a precursor of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Specialized foods (SFs) with hypocholesteremic effects are an important component of the diet therapy for MS patients. Creating local SFs to optimize the nutritional status of MS patients and prevent related diseases is a highly promising area of research. The aim of our study was to develop the formulation and technology of SFs and evaluate their effectiveness in MS treatment. Study objects and methods. The objects of the study were food ingredients and SFs. Safety indicators and micronutrient contents were determined by standard methods, whereas nutritional and energy values and amino acid contents were determined by calculation. Results and discussion. Based on medical requirements, we selected functional ingredients and developed a formulation and technology of SFs with an optimized protein, fat, and carbohydrate composition. The formulation included essential micronutrients and biologically active substances with a desirable physiological effect. Clinical trials involved 15 MS patients aged from 27 to 59. For two weeks, they had a low-calorie standard diet with one serving of SFs in the form of a drink instead of a second breakfast. The patients showed a significant improvement in anthropometric indicators. Blood serum tests revealed decreased contents of total cholesterol (by 16.9%), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 15.3%), and triglycerides (by 27.9%). Conclusion. We developed technical specifications and produced a pilot batch of SFs. The trials showed an improvement of lipid metabolism in the MS patients who were taking SFs as part of their diet therapy.

scholarly journals Tualang honey improves non alcoholic steatohepatitis animal model

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azril Shahreez Abdul Ghani ◽  
Nor Zamzila Abdullah ◽  
Siti Aesah @ Naznin Muhammad ◽  
Roslina Abdul Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Alcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Tualang Honey

Introduction: Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is an emerging chronic liver disease with limited therapy available. Studies utilizing animal models induced with cholesterol diet ranging from 1-2% are hampered by inconsistent yield of NASH features. Therefore, we aimed to establish a NASH animal model utilizing 12% cholesterol diet (CD) and to investigate the effects of Tualang honey (TH) known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties in this model. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 2 groups (12% CD and standard diet) and were fed for 6 weeks. Following the establishment of NASH, the rats in the 12% CD group were subsequently divided into 3 groups. The first group was continued with only 12% CD. In the other 2 groups in addition to the 12% CD they were given TH treatment at different concentrations (1.2 and 2.4 g/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Blood biochemical analysis and histological assessment of liver were subsequently performed. Results: The liver histological sections of the rats fed with 12% CD showed macrovesicular steatosis, ballooning degeneration with lobular and portal inflammation. They also had increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting insulin, HOMA-IR and reduced high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Meanwhile, the TH treatment groups exhibited significant improvement in both the NASH grading and activity scores. The ALT, LDL-C, TC, triglyceride (TG), fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels were reduced significantly. Conclusions: The 12% CD was able to induce NASH in the animal model. Tualang honey improved insulin sensitivity, dyslipidaemia, steatohepatitis.

Standard short-term diet ameliorates the lipid profile altered by a fructose-rich diet in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Cambri ◽  
A. C. Ghezzi ◽  
G. Arsa ◽  
J. D. Botezelli ◽  
M. A. R. de Mello
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Vldl Cholesterol

Markers of metabolic abnormalities are commonly found in rodents fed a fructose-rich diet. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the administration of a short-term standard diet to rats is able to improve the lipid profile altered by a fructose-rich diet. The male pups, immediately after birth, were divided in three groups according to the diet for 90 days. Standard diet: a standard diet for the whole experimental period; fructose (60% fructose-rich diet): fructose-rich diet during the entire experimental period; fructose/standard (FS): fructose-rich diet from the neonatal period up to 60 days of age and standard diet from 60 to 90 days of age. A fructose-rich diet from the neonatal period to 60 days reduced weight gain (P<0.05), as well as the weight of adipose tissues in all the regions analyzed (epididymal, mesenteric, retroperitoneal and posterior subcutaneous), and it altered the lipid profile (elevation of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol;P<0.05). When a standard diet was administered after the fructose-rich diet, it was able to partially reverse changes to the lipid profile, as total cholesterol levels were significantly different in all the groups (P<0.05), and triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels were similar between the control and FS group. In summary, a fructose-rich diet altered the lipid profile, and a standard diet can partially reverse the changed parameters in short term.

scholarly journals CARDIOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS TO CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF ROSA DAMASCENA PETALS IN ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: BIOCHEMICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1155-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Nishat Fathima ◽  
S. Vasudeva Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Cardiac Marker ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Group 1

The present study is designed to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of Rosa damascena petals called rose on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in experimental rats. The experimental rats were divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 6 animals. Group 1 rats received standard diet and drinking water ad libitum for 45 days and will serve as a control group. Group 2 received a standard diet and drinking water ad libitum for 45 days. Group 3 Rats received metoprolol succinate via oral route at a daily dosage of 2.5 mg/Kg body weight for a period of 45 days. Group 4 Rats received Rosa damascena extract via oral route at a daily dosage of 500 mg/Kg body weight for a period of 45 days. All the groups except group 1 were then treated with isoproterenol in two doses (85 mg/kg body weight) by subcutaneous injection on 44 and 45th day at an inter­val of 24 hrs. At the end of the treatment, blood was collected from all the groups by puncturing the retro-orbital plexus for the estimation of biochemical parameters and the animals were sacrificed to remove the heart for histopathological studies. Serum cardiac marker enzymes such as creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase muscle-brain (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total protein were estimated. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were also measured Antioxidant parameters like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated in heart tissue homogenate. Histopathological and ultrastructural studies were then carried out. The results of the present study indicated that ethanolic extract of Rosa damascena showed myocardial retrieval by restoring the cardiac marker enzymes and decreasing the level of plasma lipid profiles along with an increase in HDL. Additionally, level of myocardial antioxidants increased along with a lessening in the content of malondialdehyde. The cardioprotective effect was compared with Metoprolol which was used as the standard. Histopathological findings revealed a decrease in the degree of necrosis and inflammation following pretreatment with Rosa damascena. The present investigation indicates that Rosa damascena exerts cardioprotective activity against isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in rats.

scholarly journals Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gain-of-Function mPCSK9 Expression in the Mouse Induces Hypercholesterolemia, Monocytosis, Neutrophilia, and a Hypercoagulative State

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Louloudis ◽  
Samuele Ambrosini ◽  
Francesco Paneni ◽  
Giovanni G. Camici ◽  
Dietmar Benke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Suitable Model ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Adeno Associated Virus ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Recent Emergence

Hypercholesterolemia has previously been induced in the mouse by a single intravenous injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vector harboring gain-of-function pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9. Despite the recent emergence of the PCSK9-AAV model, the profile of hematological and coagulation parameters associated with it has yet to be characterized. We injected 1.0 × 1011 viral particles of mPCSK9-AAV or control AAV into juvenile male C57BL/6N mice and fed them with either a Western-type high-fat diet (HFD) or standard diet over the course of 3 weeks. mPCSK9-AAV mice on HFD exhibited greater plasma PCSK9 concentration and lower low-density lipoprotein levels, concomitant with increased total cholesterol and non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL)-cholesterol concentrations, and lower HDL-cholesterol concentrations than control mice. Furthermore, mPCSK9-AAV-injected mice on HFD exhibited no signs of atherosclerosis at 3 weeks after the AAV injection. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with a thromboinflammatory phenotype, as neutrophil levels, monocyte levels, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios were higher and activated partial thromboplastin times (aPTTs) was lower in HFD-fed mPCSK9-AAV mice. Therefore, the mPCSK9-AAV is a suitable model of hypercholesterolemia to examine the role of thromboinflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

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