scholarly journals Emerging Role of Epigenetics in Explaining Relationship of Periodontitis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Syed Ameer Hamza ◽  
Saba Asif ◽  
Zohaib Khurshid ◽  
Muhammad Sohail Zafar ◽  
Syed Akhtar Hussain Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Epigenetic Modifications ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Mirna Regulation

Cardiovascular diseases such as ischemic heart diseases or stroke are among the leading cause of deaths globally, and evidence suggests that these diseases are modulated by a multifactorial and complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Genetic predisposition and chronic exposure to modifiable risk factors have been explored to be involved in the pathophysiology of CVD. Environmental factors contribute to an individual’s propensity to develop major cardiovascular risk factors through epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones via miRNA regulation of protein translation that are types of epigenetic mechanisms and participate in disease development. Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most common oral diseases in humans that is characterized by low-grade inflammation and has been shown to increase the risk of CVDs. Risk factors involved in PD and CVD are determined both genetically and behaviorally. Periodontal diseases such as chronic inflammation promote DNA methylation. Epigenetic modifications involved in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis play an essential role in plaque development and vulnerability. Epigenetics has opened a new world to understand and manage human diseases, including CVDs and periodontal diseases. Genetic medicine has started a new era of epigenetics to overcome human diseases with various new methodology. Epigenetic profiling may aid in better diagnosis and stratification of patients showing potential predisposed states for disease. A better understanding of the exact regulatory mechanisms of epigenetic pathways driving inflammation is slowly emerging and will aid in developing novel tools for the treatment of disease.

scholarly journals Stroke and stroke risk factors as disease burden

2021 ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
S. Ozturk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor

Stroke is the most common cause of disability and death in the world. Cardiovascular disease rates increase with age (10.9 % for people aged 20–30 years and 85.3 % for people older than 80 years). Coronary heart diseases is the leading cause of deaths attributable to cardiovascular diseases in the United States, followed by stroke, high BP, HF, diseases of the arteries, and other cardiovascular diseases. The report on the global burden of neurological disorders has shown that hemorrhagic stroke accounted for 35.7 % in it, and ischemic stroke, 22.4 %. Seven indicators are important and strategic to prevent cardiovascular disorders; they include healthy diet, sufficient physical activity, smokingstatius, BMI, cholesterol level, blood pressure, and glucose in blood on a fasting stomach. These indicators are associated with healthy behavior (diet quality, PA, smoking, BMI) which are as important as health factors (blood cholesterol, BP, blood glucose). There is a strong protective association between ideal cardiovascular health indicators and many clinical and preclinical conditions including premature all-cause mortality, stroke, CVD mortality, ischemic heart disease mortality, HF, deep venous thromboembolism, and pulmonary embolism. Atrial fibrillation, metabolic syndrome, renal failure, and sleep apnea are important risk factors which are modifiable and treatable. Air pollution has been reported as an increasing and very important risk factor for stroke. COVID-19 has been reported as another new stroke risk factor during the pandemic. Future targets must include each cardiovascular health indicator to decrease stroke risk burden and stroke risk.

Abstract P313: Poor Cardiovascular Health Knowledge despite the Rising Epidemic of Cardiovascular Diseases: findings from a peri-urban Nepalese community

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Vaidya ◽  
Umesh R Aryal ◽  
Alexandra Krettek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Cross Sectional

Nepal, a low-income South Asian country, is facing a growing epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Information on how well its population knows about the underlying risk factors and possible prevention and control strategies is an important determinant in tackling the epidemic. Studies indicate Nepalese people have poor knowledge regarding cardiovascular health, for example, about symptoms of heart attack or diabetes. We conducted a study on cardiovascular health literacy in a peri-urban area near Kathmandu and tested the hypothesis that better cardiovascular health knowledge is associated with superior cardiovascular health behaviour. For this cross-sectional study, we conducted face-to-face interviews with 777 consenting adults aged 25-59 years from six randomly sampled clusters of Duwakot and Jhaukhel communities between September and November 2011. We used WHO-STEPs questionnaire to gather information on demographic, behavioural and anthropometric variables. Additionally, we did a thorough literature search to construct questions on cardiovascular health knowledge and attitude. Scores were given to knowledge, attitude and behaviour/practice components which were then aggregated to calculate composite median percent scores. Five categories from highest to lowest quintiles of median percent scores were then generated. Seventy percent of the respondents were females- out of which two-thirds were housewives, and a third was without formal education. A fifth of the 229 male respondents were doing agriculture-based work. When asked to spontaneously name the risk factors, respondents showed low overall knowledge- ranging from 1% for diabetes and 29% for smoking. Sixty percent of them did not know any heart attack symptom. Chest pain as a heart attack sign was known only to 14% of the respondents. Nonetheless, 86% of them thought heart diseases could be prevented by improving lifestyles. However, 65% of men and 54% of women did not want to change their lifestyle as they did not consider themselves to be at risk. Further, among those with highest knowledge quintile score, only 14.7% had highest attitude quintile score, and only 13.4% had highest behaviour quintile score. Likewise, among those with lowest knowledge quintile score, 26% had lowest attitude quintile score, and 16.4% had lowest behaviour quintile score. In conclusion, despite the rising burden of cardiovascular epidemic in Nepal, population-level knowledge on cardiovascular health is still poor. Further, better knowledge did not necessarily translate into superior cardiovascular health behaviour. Therefore, community-based interventions that improve all the three components should be promoted rather than those which influence only the knowledge aspect.

The Public's Oral Health: The Gaps Between What we Know and What we Practice

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Horowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The World ◽  
User Groups ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Year 2000

Health for All by the Year 2000 is a theme developed in 1979 by the World Health Organization. The theme includes oral health and is being promoted throughout the world. The advances in dental research make it possible to improve oral health and, concomitantly, general health. With the appropriate use of science-based, preventive regimens, dental caries and periodontal diseases can be prevented or controlled. Further, major risk factors for oral and lip cancer are known; thus, it is possible to reduce the incidence of these diseases. Available technologies, however, are useful only when they are used by appropriate user groups as recommended. The gaps between what is known about preventing oral diseases and what is practiced are often extensive. This presentation explores differences between scientific knowledge about risk factors for oral diseases and preventive regimens and procedures, public and professional knowledge and practices, and professional support for improved oral health through the application of primary preventive procedures, often referred to as "science transfer". Barriers to the adoption of preventive regimens and practices are discussed. Strategies using health education and health promotion for narrowing these gaps are presented.

scholarly journals Causal Association between Periodontal Diseases and Cardiovascular Diseases

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Mengchen Zhou ◽  
Jiangtao Dong ◽  
Lingfeng Zha ◽  
Yuhua Liao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Shared Risk

Observational studies have revealed that dental diseases such as periodontitis and dental caries increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, the causality between periodontal disease (PD) and CVDs is still not clarified. In the present study, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) studies were carried out to assess the association between genetic liability for periodontal diseases (dental caries and periodontitis) and major CVDs, including coronary artery disease (CAD), heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF), and stroke—including ischemic stroke as well as its three main subtypes—based on large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Our two-sample MR analyses did not provide evidence for dental caries and periodontitis as the causes of cardiovascular diseases; sensitivity analyses, including MR–Egger analysis and weighted median analysis, also supported this result. Gene functional annotation and pathway enrichment analyses indicated the common pathophysiology between cardiovascular diseases and periodontal diseases. The associations from observational studies may be explained by shared risk factors and comorbidities instead of direct consequences. This also suggests that addressing the common risk factors—such as reducing obesity and improving glucose tolerance—could benefit both conditions.

scholarly journals Exploratory study into the awareness of heart diseases among Emirati women (UAE) and their health seeking behaviour- a qualitative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Sarah Khan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Atypical Symptoms ◽  
Awareness Campaigns

Background: Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death in women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in 2010. The UAE is expected to experience a  tripling of heart diseases in the next two decades as risk factors for heart diseases  increase. Research shows that first year survival rates of younger women suffering from a heart attack are lower than in men. Women present with a wider range of symptoms for heart diseases than men; non-recognition of atypical symptoms may explain the delay in seeking treatment and poor prognosis following heart diseases in women. No known study on awareness of heart diseases among women has been  carried out in the Middle Eastern region. Methods: Social constructionist and   interpretivist epistemological approaches have been considered in this qualitative study to explore the awareness of heart diseases and the health seeking behavior of Emirati women. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 41 Emirati women. Three focus groups and six in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted to obtain data. Thematic content analysis was applied to the data following transcription and translation of recordings. Results: Emirati women had limited knowledge on heart diseases. Women were generally unaware of the atypical symptoms, commonly   experienced by women however they identified most risk factors associated with heart diseases. Lack of awareness of disease severity and symptoms, sociocultural influences and distrust in the healthcare system were considered the main barriers to seeking prompt treatment. Conclusions: This study clearly identified gaps and inaccuracies in knowledge of heart diseases, which could contribute to delayed health seeking action and possibly poorer prognosis among Emirati women. Absence of initiatives to   educate women on cardiovascular diseases in UAE has erroneously deemed it a less serious concern among Emirati women. The findings from this study provide clear indications of the need to increase accountability of the healthcare system and to  develop culturally relevant, gender specific, age focused, heart diseases related public health awareness campaigns in UAE.

Abstract 079: Estrogen Receptor beta Regulation Of miRNA Expression In The Heart - A Hint For Sex Differences In Hypertrophy

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Queirós ◽  
Claudia Eschen ◽  
Daniela Fliegner ◽  
Vera Regitz-Zagrosek ◽  
Hugo Sanchez Ruderisch
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Specific Regulation

Sex differences (SD) in cardiovascular diseases are described and have been attributed to the effects of sex hormones, such as estrogen (E2). Our previous studies in a mouse model of pressure overload revealed SD in fibrosis and apoptosis related genes that were abolished in estrogen receptor β deficient (ERβ-/-) mice. Other studies focus on miRNA regulation by E2, but little is known about sex-specific regulation of miRNAs in heart diseases. We hypothesize that E2 and ERβ are regulators of miRNA expression in the heart potentially contributing to the molecular mechanism of SD observed in cardiovascular diseases. This project aims to identify SD in the expression of miRNAs in a 9-week transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model and the possible role of E2 and ERβ in their regulation in the heart. A Targetscan analysis of 80 sex-specific dysregulated genes in hypertrophy allowed identifying 157 different miRNAs that could target them. Based on their expression in the heart we selected 60 miRNAs for quantification by qRT-PCR. In WT mice, 23 miRNAs showed SD in their expression in hypertrophy, all of them showing a higher expression in males than in females. All these significant SD were abolished in ERβ-/- mice. A direct comparison of some of these miRNAs in WT and ERβ-/- female animals identified nine miRNAs significantly higher expressed in the knock-out animals (let-7e, miR-106b, miR-130a, miR-133a, miR-20a, miR-24, miR-27b, miR-29a and miR-378). In vitro studies performed using a female cardiomyocyte cell line (AC16) showed a down-regulation of eight of these miRNAs after a 48h treatment with E2, being the exception miR-133a. The latter showed however a down-regulation after 48h treatment with an ERβ specific agonist, as well as let-7e, miR-106b, miR-130a, miR-20a, miR-24, miR-27b and miR-29a. The effect of treatment with ERα was only visible as a down-regulation of miR-24, miR-29a and miR-378. The potential of these miRNAs having targets in the same pathway and acting in a synergistic way is still under investigation. ERβ is for the first time identified as a major regulator of miRNA expression in the heart. It may play an important role in determining SD in cardiac hypertrophy, being responsible for the inhibition of miRNA expression in the female heart.

scholarly journals Blood pressure, heart diseases and lifestyles of elderly

Rev Rene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Cristina Araújo Morais ◽  
Rafaella Pessoa Moreira ◽  
Paula Alves de Lima ◽  
Maria das Graças Fernandes Silva ◽  
Jerry Deyvid Freires Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Altered Blood ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: to investigate the blood pressure values; to identify the history of cardiovascular diseases and lifestyles of elderly at a social assistance reference center. Methods: cross-sectional study, conducted with fifty elderly. A form with questions regarding social data, history of diseases and lifestyles was applied. In sequence, the blood pressure was checked. Results: it was observed that 73.3% of the elderly had pressure alterations. Systolic alterations were identified in 73.3%, and diastolic, in 10% of the elderly. The most frequently referred cardiovascular diseases were hypertension (70%), diabetes mellitus(38%) and dyslipidemia (32%). The most common risk factors were current or past use of tobacco whether active (68%) or passive (26%), and physical inactivity (48%). Conclusion: people with altered blood pressure and associated risk factors were identified. This situation may contribute to directing nursing care and addressing the real needs of elderly population. 

scholarly journals THE PUBLIC AWARENESS OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AS A RISK FACTOR FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
S.V. Shut ◽  
Т.А. Trybrat ◽  
T.A. Ivanytska ◽  
O.O. Goncharova ◽  
L.O. Katrychenko
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Public

The cardiovascular pathology is a leading condition in the structure of clinical cases associated with overweight and obesity: more than two-thirds of cardiovascular mortality cases: annually, four million deaths worldwide are associated with a high body mass index (BMI). The awareness among the unorganized population aged from 20 to 82 years in the total number of 280 people was assessed. During the study it was found that overweight and obesity are quite common both among women (20.71 and 16.78%) and men (33.22% and 11.79%, respectively). Among the examined patients, an elevated blood pressure and various changes of the electrocardiogram were detected, of which left ventricular hypertrophy was observed in 57%, which is not only a compensatory reaction, but one of the most important independent factors for the cardiovascular risk. All respondents were offered to attend the Health Promotion School providing the educational program for prevention and correction of the main risk factors for obesity and heart diseases. The principle objective of this program was a change of lifestyle with a primary focus on patients with CVD, increased e physical activity and change of the quality of the diet rather than restricting its caloric value. The second survey was conducted in 6 months and the findings are as follows: BMI was corrected among overweight and obese female patients (14.22 and 13.57%), as well as among male patients (23.21% and 7.5%, respectively), thereby reducing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. The public awareness regarding the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases is considered to be low. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, rational nutrition and educational program activities are the measures for management of overweight and obese patients resulting in reduction of the risk for cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Prevalência de hipertensão, cardiopatias e fatores de risco em amostra populacional na cidade de Aracaju/SE

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miburge Bolivar Gois Junior ◽  
Giulliani Antonicelli Moreira Brasileiro ◽  
Elenilton Correia De Souza ◽  
Luan Phillipe Moreira Cândido ◽  
José Aislan Correia Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introdução: Doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de mortalidade, no Brasil e no mundo. Estudos em amostra populacional brasileira, fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares são escassos.Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) e cardiopatias e examinar a associação de estado nutricional, risco cardiovascular (RC) e sedentarismo com os desfechos.Métodos: Estudo transversal em amostra aleatória populacional de Aracaju-SE, com 399 participantes. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student e o teste c2 para comparar os dados por sexo. Para avaliar o efeito preditor das variáveis de exposição sobre os desfechos utilizou-se a razão de chances (odds ratio: OR).Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas, segundo sexo, em consumo de álcool, risco cardiovascular, obesidade grau II e HA, cuja prevalência foi significativamente maior entre homens (43,4%) comparando com mulheres (26,3%). Peso normal mostrou-se como fator protetor para HA (OR=0,44; IC95% 0,27-0,73). Sedentarismo apresentou chance 40% maior para HA (OR=1,44; IC95% 1,33-1,59) e a chance para cardiopatias foi 2 vezes maior (OR=2,06; IC95% 1,16-3,65). RCA apresentou chance 16% maior para HA (p<0,0001) e 2 vezes maior para cardiopatias, entre estes, prevalência de HA foi de 71,4% e de cardiopatias foi de 14,5%.Conclusão: Métodos simples de avaliação antropométrica, como a circunferência abdominal, peso e altura, por meio da estimativa do RC e do Índice de Massa Corporal, são viáveis e podem contribuir para prevenir doenças cardiovasculares, incluindo hipertensão, na população. Os resultados foram discutidos.Prevalence of Hypertension, Cardiopathies and Risk Factors in a Population Sample in the city of Aracaju / SEIntroduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in Brazil and in the world. Studies in a Brazilian population sample, risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases are scarce.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of arterial hypertension (HA) and heart disease and examine the association of nutritional status, cardiovascular risk (CR) and sedentary lifestyle with outcomes.Methods: A cross-sectional study in a random sample of Aracaju-SE, with 399 participants. The Student's t-test and the c2 test were used to compare the data by sex. To evaluate the predictive effect of the exposure variables on the outcomes, the odds ratio (OR) was used.Results: There were significant differences, according to gender, in alcohol consumption, cardiovascular risk, obesity grade II and HA, whose prevalence was significantly higher among males (43.4%) than females (26.3%). Normal weight was shown as a protective factor for HA (OR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.27-0.73). Sedentary lifestyle presented a 40% higher chance for HA (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 1.33-1.59) and the chance for heart disease was 2 times higher (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.16-3.65). RCA presented a 16% higher chance for HA (p <0.0001) and 2 times higher for heart diseases, among them, AH prevalence was 71.4% and heart disease was 14.5%.Conclusion: Simple methods of anthropometric evaluation, such as waist circumference, weight and height, through estimation of CR and Body Mass Index, are feasible and may contribute to prevent cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, in the population. Results were discussed.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Risk Factors of Heart Diseases Under Influence of Remote Medical-Psychological Consulting

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-196
Author(s):  
N.A. Sirota ◽  
O.V. Sivakova ◽  
V.M. Yaltonsky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Counseling ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Innovative Methods

The problem of preventive treatment of people displaying risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (RF CVD) is extremely important. At the same time, despite the proven high efficacy of prevention of CVD, the compliance is still low. In this regard, it is important to develop new approaches to control and improve the profile of RF CVD. The article presents the results of the application of innovative methods of medical and psychological counseling. This methodology combines the most important achievements of three major developing areas of work with the patient: 1) medical psychology (using the methods of motivational counseling, coping prevention, etc.); 2) therapy and cardiology; 3) the use of modern remote digital technologies. The results of the study show the effectiveness of the method of remote medical and psychological counseling to monitor and improve the profile of RF CVD.

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