Associations between Personality Traits and Basal Cortisol Responses in Sailing Athletes

There is a paucity of literature regarding the psycho-physiological profiles of sailors on board. This study aimed at providing empirical evidence on the individual differences between bowmen and helmsmen taking into account a biopsychological perspective. To this purpose, sailors’ profiles were examined by focusing on the association between personality traits and basal cortisol. The sample was composed of 104 athletes (Mage = 21.32, SD = 0.098; F = 35%), who fulfilled a self-reported questionnaire including a socio-demographic section and the Big Five questionnaire. Cortisol samples were collected on the day before the competition, within 30 min after awakening. T-test analysis showed significant differences on cortisol levels: bowmen obtained higher levels on cortisol responses compared to helmsmen. No differences emerged on personality traits between athletes’ roles. Bivariate associations showed positive associations of cortisol responses with extraversion and conscientiousness in bowmen, whereas no significant associations of cortisol with personality traits were found in helmsmen. Regression analyses confirmed that sex and extraversion predicted higher level of cortisol responses. Results were discussed in terms of a bio-psychosocial theoretical approach and provided findings on the relationships between personality trait and the hypothalamus-pituitary adrenal (HPA) system in dinghy sailors. Suggestions for a more suitable selection of sailor roles were given to coaches in order to improve athletes’ performance.

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Individual Differences in Students' Preferences for Lecturers' Personalities

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001.26.4.176 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 176-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Adrian Furnham ◽

Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Student Ratings ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Personality Profile ◽

Similarity Effect ◽

Intelligence Scores ◽

The Relationship

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between students' personality and intelligence scores with their preferences for the personality profile of their lecturers. Student ratings (N = 136) of 30 lecturer trait characteristics were coded into an internally reliable Big Five taxonomy ( Costa & McCrae, 1992 ). Descriptive statistics showed that, overall, students tended to prefer conscientious, open, and stable lecturers, though correlations revealed that these preferences were largely a function of students' own personality traits. Thus, open students preferred open lecturers, while agreeable students preferred agreeable lecturers. There was evidence of a similarity effect for both Agreeableness and Openness. In addition, less intelligent students were more likely to prefer agreeable lecturers than their more intelligent counterparts were. A series of regressions showed that individual differences are particularly good predictors of preferences for agreeable lecturers, and modest, albeit significant, predictors of preferences for open and neurotic lecturers. Educational and vocational implications are considered.

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A meta-analysis on individual differences in primary emotional systems and Big Five personality traits

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-84366-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Davide Marengo ◽

Kenneth L. Davis ◽

Gökçe Özkarar Gradwohl ◽

Christian Montag

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Mammalian Species ◽

Theoretical Perspective ◽

Big Five Personality Traits ◽

Self Report ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Affective Neuroscience ◽

Emotional Systems

AbstractThe Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) were constructed as a self-report assessment to measure individual differences in Jaak Panksepp’s cross-species primary emotional systems: SEEKING, PLAY, CARE (positive emotions) and FEAR, SADNESS, ANGER (negative emotions). Beginning with the first published work on the ANPS in 2003, individual differences on the ANPS measures of these six primary emotional systems have been consistently linked to Big Five personality traits. From a theoretical perspective, these primary emotional systems arising from subcortical regions, shed light on the nature of the Big Five personality traits from an evolutionary perspective, because each of these primary emotional systems represent a tool for survival endowing mammalian species with inherited behavioral programs to react appropriately to complex environments. The present work revisited 21 available samples where both ANPS and Big Five measures have been administered. Our meta-analytical analysis provides solid evidence that high SEEKING relates to high Openness to Experience, high PLAY to high Extraversion, high CARE/low ANGER to high Agreeableness and high FEAR/SADNESS/ANGER to high Neuroticism. This seems to be true regardless of the ANPS inventory chosen, although much more work is needed in this area. Associations between primary emotional systems and Conscientiousness were in the lower effect size area across all six primary emotions, thereby supporting the idea that Conscientiousness rather seems to be less directly related with the subcortical primary emotions and likely is the most cognitive/cortical personality construct out of the Big Five. In sum, the present work underlines the idea that individual differences in primary emotional systems represent evolutionarily ancient foundations of human personality, given their a) meaningful links to the prominent Big Five model and b) their origins lying in subcortical areas of the human brain.

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When Fair Is Not Equal

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550616683018 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 847-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Kun Zhao ◽

Eamonn Ferguson ◽

Luke D. Smillie

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Social Norms ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Real World ◽

Dictator Game ◽

Prosocial Behaviors ◽

Contextual Cues ◽

Economic Games ◽

The Real

Growing evidence has highlighted the importance of social norms in promoting prosocial behaviors in economic games. Specifically, individual differences in norm adherence—captured by the politeness aspect of Big Five agreeableness—have been found to predict fair allocations of wealth to one’s partner in the dictator game. Yet, most studies have used neutrally framed paradigms, where players may default to norms of equality in the absence of contextual cues. In this study ( N = 707), we examined prosocial personality traits and dictator allocations under salient real-world norms of equity and need. Extending on the previous research, we found that—in addition to politeness—the compassion aspect of agreeableness predicted greater allocations of wealth when they were embedded in real-world norms. These results represent an important step in understanding the real-world implications of laboratory-based research, demonstrating the importance of both normative context and prosocial traits.

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Who Moves to Music? Empathic Concern Predicts Spontaneous Movement Responses to Rhythm and Music

Music & Science ◽

10.1177/2059204320974216 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 205920432097421

Author(s):

Agata Zelechowska ◽

Victor E. Gonzalez Sanchez ◽

Bruno Laeng ◽

Jonna K. Vuoskoski ◽

Alexander Refsum Jensenius

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Big Five ◽

Body Movement ◽

Empathic Concern ◽

Reactivity Index ◽

Neutral Position ◽

Dance Music ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Spontaneous Movement ◽

Electronic Dance Music

Moving to music is a universal human phenomenon, and previous studies have shown that people move to music even when they try to stand still. However, are there individual differences when it comes to how much people spontaneously respond to music with body movement? This article reports on a motion capture study in which 34 participants were asked to stand in a neutral position while listening to short excerpts of rhythmic stimuli and electronic dance music. We explore whether personality and empathy measures, as well as different aspects of music-related behaviour and preferences, can predict the amount of spontaneous movement of the participants. Individual differences were measured using a set of questionnaires: Big Five Inventory, Interpersonal Reactivity Index, and Barcelona Music Reward Questionnaire. Liking ratings for the stimuli were also collected. The regression analyses show that Empathic Concern is a significant predictor of the observed spontaneous movement. We also found a relationship between empathy and the participants’ self-reported tendency to move to music.

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A Study of Educational Achievement of Standard XI Students in Context of their Learning Style in Reference to Area

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0403.006 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Ajay B. Raval

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Data Collection ◽

Learning Style ◽

Individual Difference ◽

Educational Achievement ◽

Visual Learning ◽

Learning Style Inventory ◽

Kinesthetic Learning ◽

The Individual ◽

Selection Of

In the Era of Change, teacher should consider the individual differences while teaching in the classroom. In fact teacher must keep in mind the individual differences for teaching. Students have so many talent, we as a teacher must have that angel of view of identifying it. This individual difference can be divided in dimension of Learning Style, too. Researcher was giving service in High School as a teacher, he observe such an Individual difference in context to learning style in class room. Is there any relationship between Educational Achievement and Learning Style? Is there any effect of Learning Style on Educational Achievement in reference to Area? To find the answer of this question present study was conducted. Population & Sample: Population for present study was students studying in Standard-XI of Gujarati Medium School of Gandhinagar District. The selection of schools was by Stratified Randomization Technique and selection of students was selected by Cluster Method. In last, the Sample size was 607. Method: Survey Method was used for Data Collection. Tool: Self constructed Learning Style Inventory (L.S.I.) was used for Data Collection. Learning Style Inventory (L.S.I.) was three Point Likert type Scale. Findings: 1) There was no significance different in educational achievement among students having Visual Learning Style, Auditorial Learning Style and Kinesthetic Learning Style. 2) In matter of educational achievement, students of Rural are superior to students of Urban among students having Visual Learning Style. 3) In matter of educational achievement, students of Rural are superior to students of Urban among students having Auditorial Learning Style. 4) In matter of educational achievement, students of Urban are superior to students of Rural among students having Kinesthetic Learning Style.

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COVID-19 and their outcomes: how personality, place, and sex of people play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckab120.010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Sonia Brito-Costa ◽

Peter K Jonason ◽

Michele Tosi ◽

Rui Antunes ◽

Sofia Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Dark Triad ◽

Religious People ◽

Big Five Traits ◽

People’S Attitudes ◽

The Individual ◽

Facebook Advertising

Abstract Background There is considerable variation in people’s attitudes towards the COVID-19 pandemic. One way to understand why people differ in their attitudes is to examine how personality traits predict the degree to which people hold different attitudes. Methods We collected data (N = 1420) from Portugal and Spain using Facebook advertising. We measured the Dark Triad and Big Five traits, and negative affect, along with ad hoc items for religiousness, and attitudes towards and fear of COVID. Results Neuroticism and Negative affect was linked to various domains of insecurity or fear and provides insights into how personality predicts concerns and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Religious people were less trusting in science, thought prayer was answer, and attributed the existence of the virus to an act of God. Women reported more fear of COVID-19 than men did, and this was enabled by women’s greater tendency to have Negative Affect and higher Neuroticism than men. Conclusions Neurotic people and those with more Negative Affect appear to be more fearful, more trusting in others and systems likely to protect them (e.g., scientists), and less likely to trust in systems shown to not help them (e.g., prayer). We found other effects for the Dark Triad traits and the Big Five traits. In total, we highlight some of the reasons that people may be in such disagreements about what to do about the virus at the individual and institutional levels. Personality, place, and participant’s sex all appear to play a role in the psychology of COVID-19 beliefs.

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A Study on the Impact of Big Five Personality Traits on Consciousness

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0302.180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Akriti Srivastava ◽

Anamika Mishra

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Big Five Personality Traits ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Psychological Traits ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

Neo Five Factor Inventory ◽

The Individual ◽

The Impact

Personality is the set of psychological traits and mechanisms within the individual that are organized and relatively enduring and that influence their interactions with, and adaptations to, the intra psychic, physical, and social environments. Personality is the factor which influences other functioning of the individuals, keeping this view in mind its relation with consciousness was thought to be explored, which is awareness, the ability to experience or to feel, wakefulness, having a sense of selfhood, and the executive control system of the mind. Hence, this study was designed to understand the relationship between big five personality traits and consciousness, for this, the data was collected from 200 working and non-working males and females in the age range of 22 to 30 years. Sample was chosen from Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk; Rajiv Gandhi Technical Institute, Raibarely; and Wipro Company, Bangalore. Measures used were self-consciousness scale (Fenigstein, Scheier &Buss 1975) which is a 23 item questionnaire and personality questionnaire: NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3). This questionnaire was developed by Paul T. Costa, Jr and Robert R. McCrae (1989). The result indicated that openness and conscientiousness are significantly positively related with consciousness and openness emerged out as the significant predictor of consciousness. Also the significant difference was found between males and females in terms of consciousness. This study is unique in its endeavor and creates scope for further exploration in this field.

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The role of personality in COVID-19 related perceptions, evaluations, and behaviors: Findings across five samples, nine traits, and 17 criteria

10.31234/osf.io/pkm2a ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ingo Zettler ◽

Christoph Schild ◽

Lau Lilleholt ◽

Lara Kroencke ◽

Till Utesch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Social Cohesion ◽

Age Effects ◽

Gender And Age ◽

The World ◽

Personal Perceptions ◽

And Behaviors

People and institutions around the world have been affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we investigate the role of both basic (HEXACO and Big Five) and specific (Dark Factor of Personality, Narcissistic Rivalry and Admiration) personality traits for 17 criteria related to COVID-19, grouped into (i) personal perceptions in terms of risks and worries about the disease, (ii) behavioral adjustments in terms of following the health recommendations and hoarding, and (iii) societal evaluations in terms of the appropriateness of different measures and feelings of social cohesion. (Internal) Meta-analytic results across five samples from two countries (overall N = 10,702) show—next to gender and age effects—the importance of several traits, including Emotionality/Neuroticism for personal perceptions and anti- or prosocial traits for behavior in line with health recommendations. The investigation thus highlights the importance of individual differences in uncertain and changing situations and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular.

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Pathological Personality Traits and Utilitarian Moral Judgments

Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology ◽

10.1521/jscp.2018.37.3.182 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 182-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Virgil Zeigler-Hill ◽

Avi Besser ◽

Sinead Cronin ◽

Jennifer K. Vrabel

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Moral Judgment ◽

Personality Trait ◽

Negative Affectivity ◽

Moral Judgments ◽

Self Report ◽

Community Members ◽

The Individual ◽

Pathological Personality Traits

Recent research has highlighted important individual differences in moral judgment. The present study extends these findings by examining the associations between pathological personality traits and utilitarian moral judgments. This was accomplished by asking 2,121 Israeli community members to complete self-report measures concerning their pathological personality traits and evaluate the acceptability of utilitarian moral judgments in various sacrificial dilemmas (is it acceptable to intentionally kill one person in order to save several other people?). The results showed that the pathological personality traits of antagonism and disinhibition were positively associated with the endorsement of personal utilitarian moral judgments (i.e., those decisions requiring the individual to directly inflict harm on the would-be sacrificed individual), whereas negative affectivity was negatively associated with personal utilitarian moral judgments. Antagonism was the only pathological personality trait associated with impersonal utilitarian moral judgments (i.e., those decisions that did not require the individual to directly inflict harm on the would-be sacrificed individual). Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for understanding the associations between pathological personality traits and moral judgments.

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The Relationships between Big Five Personality Traits and Subjective Vitality

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.33.2.261911 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 218 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Engin Deniz ◽

Seydi Ahmet Satici

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Big Five ◽

Big Five Personality Traits ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Big Five Personality ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Subjective Vitality ◽

The Relationship ◽

Negative Predictor ◽

Vitality Scale

The current study examined the relationship between big five personality traits and subjective vitality. Participant were 307 university students [180 (59%) female, 127 (41%) male, Mage = 21.24 years, SD = 1.21] who completed questionnaires package the Adjective Based Personality Scale and the Subjective Vitality Scale. A hierarchical regression analyses was used with big five personality traits to explain variance in subjective vitality. The results showed that extraversion, agreeableness, and openness were significant positive predictors and neuroticism was significant negative predictor of subjective vitality which accounted for 31% of the total variance. Consciousness did not significant predictor of subjective vitality. The significance and limitations of the results are discussed.

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