scholarly journals Thermal and Energy Evaluation of a Domestic Refrigerator under the Influence of the Thermal Load

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Belman-Flores ◽  
Diana Pardo-Cely ◽  
Miguel Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Iván Hernández-Pérez ◽  
David Rodríguez-Valderrama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Domestic Refrigerator ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Main Effects

This study seeks to understand the thermal and energetic behavior of a domestic refrigerator more widely by experimentally evaluating the main effects of the thermal load (food) and the variation of the ambient temperature. To carry out the experiments, the thermal load was classified based on the results of a survey conducted on different consumers in the state of Guanajuato, Mexico. The thermal behavior of both compartments of the refrigerator, the total energy consumption, the power of the compressor in its first on-state, and the coefficient of performance, according to the classification of the thermal loads and the room temperature, were evaluated. Finally, it is verified that the thermal load and the room temperature have a significant influence on the energy performance of the refrigerator.

scholarly journals Substantiation of the Parameters of a Soil Tillage Machine Ripper

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-273
Author(s):  
Yuriy N. Syromyatnikov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Ritz Method ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Initial Moment ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Rotor Drive

Introduction. Production of safe food requires the avoidance of using chemical means to bring weeds under control in cultivating crops. Existing tillage loosening and separating machine PRSM-5 Dokuchaevskaya optimizes the physical and mechanical state of the cultivated soil layer, while the weeds are carefully removed from the soil by combing out together with the whole weed root system and laid on the surface, where they dry up under the influence of climatic factors. During the operation of the tillage machine, about 30% of the total energy consumption is spent on the rotor drive. Therefore, this machine is not working satisfactorily in firm soils. Materials and Methods. The soil was considered as an elastic-plastic medium. The generalized Hookeʼs law model and a variant of the plastic flow theory were taken into account. To simplify the calculations, there was used the experimental study information on the position in space of the soil deformation surface. The intensity of stresses of polyplastic deformations of the soil layer was determined. For the numerical solution of the problem, the Ritz method was used. Results. In connection with the indicated disadvantages, the parameters of the rotor ripper are justified taking into account the reduction in energy consumption for its drive. As a result of solving the problem by the Ritz method, the geometric shape of the rotor ripper was determined. The energy performance of the section of the tillage machine was evaluated by the torque of the rotor drive of the loosening-separating device. The rotor drive torque was determined for rippers with flat, convex, and concave profiles and for the profile substantiated during the study. Discussion and Conclusion. The profile substantiated during the study provides the best conditions for transporting the soil at the initial moment of the rotor entry into the soil and the minimum energy consumption for its drive.

scholarly journals A Data-driven Approach for Sustainable Building Retrofit—A Case Study of Different Climate Zones in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiong He ◽  
S. Thomas Ng ◽  
Md. Uzzal Hossain ◽  
Godfried L. Augenbroe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Cold Zone ◽  
High Rise

This study presents a data-driven retrofitting approach by systematically analyzing the energy performance of existing high-rise residential buildings using a normative calculation logic-based simulation method. To demonstrate the practicality of the approach, typical existing buildings in five climate zones of China are analyzed based on the local building characteristics and climatic conditions. The results show that the total energy consumption is 544 kWh/m2/year in the severe cold zone, which is slightly higher than that in the cold zone (519 kWh/m2/year), but double that in the hot summer and cold winter zone, three times higher than that in the warm zone, and five times above that in the temperate zone. The dominant energy needs in different climatic zones are distinctive. The identified potentially suitable retrofitting measures are important in reducing large-scale energy consumption and can be used in supporting sustainable retrofit decisions for existing high-rise residential buildings in different climatic zones.

Energy Consumption Simulation for Residential Buildings With Shading Devices in Different Regions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Xiaojie Zhou ◽  
Zhihong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
South West ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
Energy Consumption Simulation

With the development of energy saving, it is needed to calculate the energy consumption of the residential building, particularly accurate dynamic energy consumption. Fixed shading devices are wildly used to save building energy because they prevent undesirable heat coming through the windows during the “overheated period”, just as in summer, which can ameliorate the indoor environments and reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning in summer. But they will also prevent solar energy which can be used in winter to enter windows. So it is very important to be able to determine the optimal shading devices of windows. The overhangs and vertical-shading devices are representative to study the different energy performance in summer and winter, in an actual dwell house. On the other hand, fixed shading devices can weaken the effect of daylighting, so we would take both the total energy consumption and rooms’ daylighting into account. In this study, we choose several typical dwelling houses in different cities located in north, south, west, east and central region of China respectively. We calculated energy consumption of those models by using Energyplus program, and compared the shading performance of horizontal and vertical shading devices, then optimal configuration dimensions of horizontal shading devices are recommended on the basis of different requirements for solar heat gains in winter and in summer for those typical dwelling houses.

scholarly journals Improving building energy modelling by applying advanced 3D surveying techniques on agri-food facilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Barreca ◽  
Giuseppe Modica ◽  
Salvatore Di Fazio ◽  
Viviana Tirella ◽  
Raimondo Tripodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Geometric Modelling ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermophysical Model

Food industry is the production sector with the highest energy consumption. In Europe, the energy used to produce food accounts for 26% of total energy consumption. Over 28% is used in industrial processes. Recently, European food companies have increased their efforts to make their production processes more sustainable, also by giving preference to the use of renewable energy sources. In Italy, the total energy consumption in agriculture and food sectors decreased between 2013 and 2014, passing from 16.79 to 13.3 Mtep. Since energy consumption in food industry is nearly twice the one in agriculture (8.57 and 4.73 Mtep, respectively), it is very important to improve energy efficiency and use green technologies in all the phases of food processing and conservation. In Italy, a recent law (Legislative Decree 102, 04/07/2014) has made energy-use diagnosis compulsory for all industrial concerns, particularly for those showing high consumption levels. In the case of food industry buildings, energy is mainly used for indoor microclimate control, which is needed to ensure workers’ wellbeing and the most favourable conditions for food processing and conservation. To this end, it is important to have tools and methods allowing for easy, rapid and precise energy performance assessment of agri-food buildings. The accuracy of the results obtainable from the currently available computational models depends on the grade of detail and information used in constructional and geometric modelling. Moreover, this phase is probably the most critical and time-consuming in the energy diagnosis. In this context, fine surveying and advanced 3D geometric modelling procedures can facilitate building modelling and allow technicians and professionals in the agri-food sector to use highly efficient and accurate energy analysis and evaluation models. This paper proposes a dedicated model for energy performance assessment in agri-food buildings. It also shows that using advanced surveying techniques, such as a terrestrial laser scanner and an infrared camera, it is possible to create a three-dimensional parametric model, while, thanks to the heat flow meter Accepted paper measurement method, it is also possible to obtain a thermophysical model. This model allows assessing the energy performance of agri-food buildings in order to improve the indoor microclimate control and the conditions of food processing and conservation.

scholarly journals A Study of Design Variables in Daylight and Energy Performance in Residential Buildings under Hot Climates

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5836
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammed AL-Dossary ◽  
Daeung Danny Kim
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Slow Progress ◽  
Shading Devices

In Saudi Arabia, residential buildings are one of the major contributors to total energy consumption. Even though there are abundant natural resources, it is somewhat difficult to apply them to building designs, as design variables, due to slow progress and private issues in Saudi Arabia. Thus, the present study demonstrated the development of sustainable residential building design by examining the daylighting and energy performance with design variables. Focusing on the daylighting system, the design variables were chosen, including window-to-wall ratios (WWR), external shading devices, and types of glazing. The illuminance level by these design variables in a building was evaluated by using daylight metrics, such as spatial daylight autonomy and annual sunlight exposure. Moreover, the building energy consumption with these design variables was analyzed by using energy simulation. As a result, the daylighting was improved with the increase in WWRs and the tinted double glazing, while these design options can cause overheating in a residential building. Among types of glazing, the double pane windows with a low-E coating showed better energy performance. Based on the results, it is necessary to find the proper design variables that can balance the daylighting and energy performance in residential buildings in hot climates.

Comparison study of air mixing modes in liquid desiccant based all-air air conditioning systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Xiao ◽  
XiaoFeng Niu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Liquid Desiccant ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Air System ◽  
Air Mixing ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Liquid desiccant is an energy-saving, environmentally friendly and healthy means of air dehumidification. A liquid desiccant-based all-air air conditioning system is studied by simulation. Two different modes of air mixing between the return air and the fresh air are compared, that is mixing before and mixing after the liquid desiccant dehumidifier, respectively. System performance and total energy consumption of the two modes under different operation conditions are obtained. The results show that mixing air after dehumidification consumes less energy than mixing air before dehumidification. Coefficient of performance (COP) of the all-air system with air mixing after dehumidification is higher. The differences of COP and energy consumption between the two air mixing modes increase when the outdoor air temperature and relative humidity increase. Practical application: Liquid desiccant based all-air system is quite suitable for museums, libraries and computer centres where water is not allowed to enter the space for property safety and strict thermal-hygrometric control is necessary. The results of this paper provide guidelines on the selection of air mixing modes in liquid desiccant-based all-air systems, considering energy consumption and system COP.

Application of Fatty Acid Based Phase-Change Material to Reduce Energy Consumption From Roofs of Buildings

2016 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad K. Sleiti ◽  
Edward J. Naimaster
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Phase Change Material ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Change Material

Buildings account for a significant portion of the total energy consumption in the U.S., especially the energy-inefficient commercial building sector. As part of the future path toward realizing net zero energy buildings, innovative energy-efficient technologies must be developed. In this study, the potential of phase-change material (PCM)-enhanced constructions to lower heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption in a commercial restaurant building was investigated. A commercially available fatty acid based PCM product was selected due to their promising thermal and chemical properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used in isothermal step mode to accurately measure the latent heat energy storage of the PCM. A U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) commercial reference building model with a PCM-enhanced ceiling was simulated using a finite-difference conduction heat transfer algorithm in EnergyPlus to determine the effects of the PCM on the building energy performance. It was found that, although the PCM-enhanced ceiling had a beneficial stabilizing effect on the interior surface temperature of the ceiling, the zone mean air temperatures were not significantly altered. As such, minimal HVAC energy savings were seen. Future work should focus on active PCM systems, which utilize heat exchanging fluids to discharge the PCM to remove the stored thermal energy of the PCM during the night in summer, overcoming the fundamental issue of the passive PCM system returning stored thermal energy back into the building.

scholarly journals Occupant monitoring for facility management using Radio Frequency Identification

2010 ◽  
pp. 93-95
Author(s):  
Farhan Manzoor Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
United Nations Environment Programme ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Energy Performance Of Buildings ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Mankind’s rapidly increasing advancements in different industrial sectors demand a great price of environmental impact and climate change in return, specifically in the buildings and construction industry. The largest source of greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption worldwide are buildings, estimated to account for almost 48% of all such emissions. Energy-related Carbon Dioxide (CO2) counts for about 82% of all greenhouse gases emitted by human activities. This total energy consumption translates to approximately 3.5 Billion Euros per annum. According to a report from the United Nations Environment Programme, the right mix of appropriate government regulations, greater use of energy-saving technologies and user behavioural changes can substantially reduce CO2 emissions from buildings. The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive places an onus on all EU member states to rate the energy performance of buildings in a Building Energy Rating certificate which is effectively an energy label required at the point of rental ...

scholarly journals Parametric Optimization of a Two Stage Vapor Compression Refrigeration System by Comparative Evolutionary Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 03002
Author(s):  
Shuhaimi Mahadzir ◽  
Rasel Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Computational Effort ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Refrigeration System ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Vapor Compression Refrigeration

Multistage refrigeration system plays a vital role in industrial refrigeration for the chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceuticals and food industries. Modern chemical industries are complex, and the problems are commonly multi-dimensional, non-linear and time-consuming. This study presents the application of evolutionary computation techniques, namely PSO (particle swarm optimization), GA (Genetic Algorithm) and SA (Simulated Annealing) to solve a design problem of a two-stage vapor compression refrigeration system. Two objectives are evaluated, namely the minimization of total energy consumption and maximization of the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system. The basis of design for the two-stage refrigeration system is built from and validated against data from published literature. The mass flow ratio, evaporator and condenser temperature, parameters for subcooling and desuperheating, and the coefficient of performance for the basis of design show acceptable results. The errors are below 5% against the data from published literature, which are within errors of significant figures in the calculations. In this work, the optimum solutions show a reduction of the required amount of energy consumption by 30.8% and an increase of the COP by nearly 77% with respect to the basis of design. Further improvements are made to the optimization procedures to prevent early convergence and to increase the search efficiency for finding the global optima. The findings by PSO, GA and SA are in agreement, and all evolutionary techniques achieved proper convergence of the two objective functions. It is also found that PSO requires lower computational effort, less computation time and is also easier to implement compared to GA and SA.

scholarly journals Energy Analysis of HFC-152a, HFO-1234yf and HFC/HFO Mixtures as a Direct Substitute to HFC-134a in a Domestic Refrigerator

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Shaik Mohammad Hasheer ◽  
Kolla Srinivas ◽  
Prasad Katuru Bala
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Outlet Temperature ◽  
Domestic Refrigerator ◽  
Discharge Temperature ◽  
Hfc 134A ◽  
Volumetric Cooling ◽  
Hfc 152A

Abstract The Kyoto protocol emphasized the need of replacement of HFC refrigerant due to their high GWP values that causes pollution in the environment. So in this paper the refrigerants R1234yf, R152a and HFOs/HFCs mixtures of R134a/R152a/R1234yf such as ARM42 (in the ratio of 8.5/14 /77.5 by mass), ARM42a (in the ratio of 7/11/82 by mass) with a view of replacement of the refrigerant HFC-134a in a domestic refrigerator were analyzed theoretically. Volumetric cooling capacity, compressor discharge temperature, coefficient of performance, compressor energy consumption and refrigeration capacity are the main parameters to estimate the performance of the refrigerator. The results are revealed that HFC-152a had gave a superior performance as compared to HFC-134a in terms of COP and equal cooling and volumetric cooling capacities. However, the refrigerant HFC-152a was flammable and runs with high compressor outlet temperature which may restrict its usage. The HFO refrigerant R1234yf showed an almost equal volumetric cooling capacity, compressor energy consumption, refrigerating effect and COP when compared with HFC-134a. Among the refrigerants ARM42 and ARM42a, the refrigerant ARM42a was selected as a good alternative for HFC-134a because the Volumetric cooling capacity and COP of ARM42a were almost equal to HFC-134a. Therefore ARM42a had better choice of direct substitute to HFC-134a in a domestic refrigerator when the corresponding safety requirements are adopted. So on overall comparison of every property of refrigerants we can conclude that R1234yf can be treated as best alternative to HFC-134a in a domestic refrigerator.

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