scholarly journals Breakfast Cereals Intended for Children: Opportunities for Reformulation and Potential Impact on Nutrient Intake

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1772
Author(s):  
Mariana Santos ◽  
Filipa Matias ◽  
Ana Isabel Rito ◽  
Isabel Castanheira ◽  
Duarte Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
The Impact

Ready-to-eat cereals (RTECs) have become a popular breakfast option claiming to provide important nutrients to children’s diets, despite being a source of excess sugar and, therefore, a health concern. Thus, food reformulation constitutes an important public health strategy that could benefit from inputs provided by nutrient profiling. This study aimed to assess the adequacy of the RTECs for children available in Portuguese supermarkets, applying three nutrient profile models (NPMs)—the nutrient profile model of the World Health Organization’s Regional Office for Europe (WHO-EURO), the profile of the private-sector EU Pledge (EU-Pledge), and the national model developed by the Directorate-General of Health (NPM-PT)—in order to explore the potential for reformulation of the RTECs identified as not adequate and evaluate the impact of RTECs’ reformulation on the nutritional quality of Portuguese children’s diets. In total, 78 RTECs intended for children were assessed and two scenarios—current (not considering reformulation) and alternative (considering reformulation to accomplish the nutrient profile requirements)—were considered to assess the impact of reformulation on nutritional quality. Across all RTECs, only 5.1% could be promoted to children according to the considered NPMs. The most common nutrients requiring reformulation were sugar, saturated fatty acids (SFA), salt, and dietary fiber. The scenarios of reformulation considered could reduce the RTECs average content of total sugars, SFA, and salt by 43%, 8.7%, and 1.1%, respectively, and dietary fiber intake could be increased by 34%. Thus, these results support policies to implement reformulation strategies for developing healthier food products to be promoted to children.

scholarly journals TAXPAYER ATTITUDE ON THE ELIMINATION OF TAX SANCTION AND TAXATION AWARENESS TOWARD TAXPAYER COMPLIANCE IN YOGYAKARTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Suparna Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Positive Influence ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Revenue ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
State Financing ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Region

The impact of tax on state revenue is very dominant these days. This happens because tax is a definite source in contributing funds to the state. Basically, it is a reflection of the mutual cooperation of the community in state financing regulated by legislation. One of the factors causing low taxpayer's compliance takes place because the public as taxpayers forget or maybe even simply ignore their obligation to pay taxes, especially personal income tax. This research is quantitative in nature, which involves testing hypotheses (explanatory). The population in this study is individual taxpayer registered at the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. Approximately 350,935 Individual Taxpayers at the end of 2015 were registered. The research results indicated a positive influence between the attitude of taxpayers and taxpayer's compliance. By contrast, with respect to taxpayer compliance, the analysis on tax elimination variable shows that there is no positive influence between the elimination of tax sanctions and taxpayer compliance. The analysis on tax awareness toward taxpayer compliance indicates a positive influence between tax awareness and taxpayer compliance. Keywords—Tax Awareness; Taxpayer Compliance; Individual Taxpayers; Taxpayer Attitudes. Abstrak Perananpajakterhadap pendapatan Negara sangat dominan pada masa sekarang ini.Ini terjadi karena pajak adalah sumber yang pasti dalam memberikan kontribusi dana kepada Negara karena merupakan cerminan dari kegotongroyongan masyarakatdalam pembiayaan negara yang diatur oleh perundang-undangan. Salah satu factor menyebabkan penerimaan pajak yang sulit tercapai yaitu kepatuhan wajib pajak yang rendah itu dibuktikan karena masyarakat selaku wajib pajak lupa, atau bahkan mungkin mengabaikan kewajibannya untuk membayar pajak, khususnya pajak penghasilan orang pribadi. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan melakukan pengujian hipotesis (eksplanatory). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang terdaftar pada Kantor Wilayah Direktorat Jenderal Pajak Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, kurang lebih berjumlah 350.935 Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi pada akhir tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara Sikap wajib pajak dengan kepatuhan wajibpajak, sedangkan untuk variable kepatuhan wajib pajak terhadap penghapusan pajak menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh positif antara penghapusan sanksi pajak dengan kepatuhan wajib pajak dan untuk variable kesadaran perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh positif antara kesadaran perpajakan dengan kepatuhan wajib pajak. Kata kunci—Kesadaran Perpajakan; Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak; Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi; Sikap Wajib Pajak.

scholarly journals Using simulation to educate police about mental illness: A collaborative initiative

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Stanyon ◽  
Bill Goodman ◽  
Marjory Whitehouse
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
The Impact

Mental illness is a major public health concern in Canada and also globally. According to the World Health Organization, five of the top ten disabilities worldwide are mental health disorders. Within Canada, one in five individuals is living with mental illness each year. Currently, there are 6.7 million Canadians living with mental illness and over 1 million Canadian youth living with mental illness. Police are frequently the first responders to situations in the community involving people with mental illness, and police services are increasingly aware of the need to provide officers with additional training and strategies for effectively interacting with these citizens.This study examined the effectiveness of four online, interactive video-based simulations designed to educate police officers about mental illness and strategies for interacting with people with mental illness. The simulations were created through the efforts of a unique partnership involving a police service, a mental health facility and two postsecondary institutions. Frontline police officers from Ontario were divided into one of three groups (simulation, face to face, control). Using a pre- and post-test questionnaire, the groups were compared on their level of knowledge and understanding of mental illness. In addition, focus groups explored the impact of the simulations on officers’ level of confidence in engaging with individuals with mental illness and officers’ perceptions of the simulations’ ease of use and level of realism. The study’s findings determined that the simulations were just as effective as face-to-face learning, and the officers reported the simulations were easy to use and reflected real-life scenarios they had encountered on the job. As mental health continues to be a major public concern, not only in Canada but also globally, interactive simulations may provide an effective and affordable education resource not only for police officers but for other professionals seeking increased knowledge and skills in interacting with citizens with mental illness.Keywords: policing, mental illness, education, computer-based simulation

scholarly journals Dengue and Recent Mosquito-borne Viral Fever Outbreak in Bangladesh: Concern, Causes and Control

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Past ◽  
Directorate General ◽  
Elevated Rate ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Division ◽  
Great Public Health

Bangladesh is struggling with dreadful outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases for the past few years. Disease Control Division of Directorate General (DG) of Health Service considered the capital of Bangladesh as the breeding ground for mosquitos. Recent incidence of Dengue and Chikungunya outbreaks have surpassed all past records of outbreak. Thus, the country is witnessing an elevated rate of viral fever incidence alarmingly. Though symptoms of mosquito-borne viral infection are very typical, the recent incidence of fatalities is growing great public health concern. World Health Organization (WHO) recommends practical control measures to minimize the breeding within the community of Bangladesh. The actions of Kolkata City Corporation to control Dengue are also suggestive for Bangladesh. There is no medication to treat Dengue, and Chikungunya infection, but initial recognition and apposite medical care can reduce the death threat.

scholarly journals A Review of Recent Findings on Meal Sequence: An Attractive Dietary Approach to Prevention and Management of Type 2 Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sodai Kubota ◽  
Yanyan Liu ◽  
Katsumi Iizuka ◽  
Hitoshi Kuwata ◽  
Yutaka Seino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Glucose Excursion ◽  
Dietary Fiber Intake ◽  
Metabolic Conditions ◽  
Postprandial Glucose Excursion ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

While adjustment of total energy and nutritional balance is critically important, meal sequence, a relatively simple method of correcting postprandial hyperglycemia, is becoming established as a practical dietary approach for prevention and management of diabetes and obesity. Meal sequence, i.e., consumption of protein and/or fat before carbohydrate, promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) from the gut and ameliorates secretions of insulin and glucagon and delays gastric emptying, thereby improving postprandial glucose excursion. GLP-1 is known to suppress appetite by acting on the hypothalamus via the afferent vagus nerve. Thus, enhancement of GLP-1 secretion by meal sequence is expected to reduce body weight. Importantly, consumption of a diet rich in saturated fatty acids such as meat dishes before carbohydrate increases secretions of not only GLP-1 but also glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which promotes energy storage in adipose tissue and may lead to weight gain in the long term. Dietary fiber intake before carbohydrate intake significantly reduces postprandial glucose elevation and may have a weight loss effect, but this dietary strategy does not enhance the secretion of GLP-1. Thus, it is suggested that their combination may have additive effects on postprandial glucose excursion and body weight. Indeed, results of some clinical research supports the idea that ingesting dietary fiber together with meal sequence of protein and/or fat before carbohydrate benefits metabolic conditions of individuals with diabetes and obesity.

ILSI Europe’s Food Allergy Task Force: From Defining the Hazard to Assessing the Risk from Food Allergens

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
René R W Crevel ◽  
Stefan Ronsmans ◽  
Cyril F M Marsaux ◽  
Diána Bánáti
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Allergy ◽  
Task Force ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Food Allergens ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Funded Project ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe Food Allergy Task Force was founded in response to early public concerns about the growing impact of food allergies almost coincidentally with the publication of the 1995 Food and Agriculture Organization-World Health Organization Technical Consultation on Food Allergies. In line with ILSI principles aimed to foster collaboration between stakeholders to promote consensus on science-based approaches to food safety and nutrition, the task force has played a central role since then in the development of risk assessment for food allergens. This ranged from consideration of the criteria to be applied to identifying allergens of public health concern through methodologies to determine the relationship between dose and the proportion of allergic individuals reacting, as well as the nature of the observed responses. The task force also promoted the application of novel, probabilistic risk assessment methods to better delineate the impact of benchmarks, such as reference doses, and actively participated in major European food allergy projects, such as EUROPREVALL, the European Union (EU)-funded project “The prevalence, cost and basis of food allergy across Europe;” and iFAAM, “Integrated approaches to food allergen and allergy risk management,” also an EU-funded project. Over the years, the task force’s work has evolved as answers to initial questions raised further issues: Its current work program includes a review of analytical methods and how different ones can best be deployed given their strengths and limitations. Another activity, which has just commenced, aims to develop a framework for stakeholders to achieve consensus on acceptable risk.

Accuracy of acupuncture point location among first-year acupuncture students: A pilot study evaluating the impact of training and use of an adjustable ruler

2020 ◽  
pp. 096452842092030
Author(s):  
Debra R Godson ◽  
Jonathan L Wardle
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Acupuncture Point ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
World Health ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
First Year ◽  
Point Location ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Comparative Accuracy ◽  
The Impact

Background The proportional method of acupuncture point location (APL) currently taught at Endeavor College of Natural Health and advocated by the World Health Organization Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) was found to be imprecise and/or inaccurate in previous student studies. The ruler and elastic methods of APL were identified as more accurate or precise than the proportional method of APL but were not well received by student participants. Use of an adjustable ruler may overcome barriers to uptake of the more accurate APL methods. This pilot study was the first to evaluate the comparative accuracy of the adjustable ruler and the proportional methods of APL in first-year students at a major Australian acupuncture training college. Methods After 10 weeks of in-class instruction in both proportional and adjustable ruler methods of APL, student participants (n = 14) attempted location of three acupuncture points (LI10, SP6 and ST38) on a volunteer using both APL methods of interest. A self-administered questionnaire and lecturer field notes elucidated attitudes to implementation of both APL methods. Results Points marked using the adjustable ruler were closer to the correct location than those marked using the proportional method across all three acupuncture points. Students and lecturers rated the adjustable ruler more highly than the proportional method for ease of learning and ease of use. Conclusion Encouraging results with the adjustable ruler method warrant further larger scale studies. Use of the adjustable ruler method of APL should be considered for use in point location training at educational institutions teaching traditional acupuncture.

scholarly journals The impact of teenage pregnancy on school dropout in Brazil: a Bayesian network approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Cruz ◽  
Fabio Gagliardi Cozman ◽  
Wilson Souza ◽  
Albertina Takiuti
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Bayesian Network ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mathematical Framework ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background As reported by the World Health Organization, adolescent pregnancy is a major public health concern given its impact on the life of mothers and their family members. In this study we investigated possible cause-effect relations between teenage pregnancy and school dropout, and other attributes that gravitate around them, using the Bayesian network approach. Methods We used a database prepared by the Adolescent House Project and invited experts in the areas of Health, Education and Social Assistance to answer a survey containing questions aimed at detecting possible causal relationships. To perform the statistical analysis and the numerical simulations we employed the language and formalism of Bayesian networks. Results The analysis indicated a strong cause-effect relation between teenage pregnancy and school dropout, bolstered by economic vulnerability. We were able to identify the profile of the female teenager who drops out from school: white girls older than 15 years who got pregnant at least once, are not working to generate an income, and who belong to the group where the family income is less than or equal to US$780 per month. Also we detected the “maternal impact factor", i.e., the effect caused by whether or not the mothers of the teenagers have experienced teenage pregnancy. Conclusion There are many factors that lead teenagers to drop out of school; we confirmed not only the commonsense notion that pregnancy of the teenager is a major factor but found that a history of teenage pregnancy on the part of the mother is a major factor. Moreover, Bayesian networks emerged as an interesting mathematical framework to perform the statistical analysis.

scholarly journals The Seminar on the Impact of Islamic Lifestyles on the Health and Development of Mankind

1989 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-357
Author(s):  
IIIT - USA
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization,the Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences, and the Royal Academyfor Islamic Civilization Research (the Aal Al-Bayt Foundation) jointly sponsoreda seminar on “Islamic Lifestyles and their Impact on Health and theGeneral Development of Mankind” in order to put this Islamic heritage inthe service of all human beings.The idea of.holding this Seminar was first conceived by the EasternMediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization becauseof its profound conviction that:1. Health constitutes the physical, psychological, and social wellbeingof the individual.2. Particular lifestyles have a major impact on the health ofthe individual and the society at large.3. Islam views the concept of well-being as a pre-requisite of‘Aqidah (creed) and Shari’ah which the Muslims fully appliedand implemented in their Golden Age -thus, providingliving proof of its success in real life.The first task undertaken by the participants involved the exhaustive listingand description of Islamic lifestyles in all spheres, and, the determiningof their Islamic roots on the basis of evidence from the Qur’an and Hadith.The second task focused on exploring the benefits to be acquired and theharms to be avoided through the adoption of these Islamic lifestyles by theindividual, the family, the society, and all human beings especially in thespheres of mental and physical health, and the well-being of social and humanrelationships. The third task involved devising plans of action for utilizingand applying all or part of the knowledge gained about Islamic lifestylesin order to demonstrate their beneficial influence as a means of reforminglife and setting mankind on the straight path.The Seminar participants also formed a smaller committee to exatninethe results of its research and deliberations so as to prepare, as soon as possible ...

scholarly journals Designing tailored interventions to address barriers to vaccination

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-169
Author(s):  
Katrine Habersaat ◽  
Noni E MacDonald ◽  
Ève Ève Dubé
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Process ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Planning Framework ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
The Impact

Despite efforts to promote vaccination and make vaccination services easily accessible, vaccination coverage rates remain below the target rate for many vaccines in various jurisdictions. The Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP) approach was developed by the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe to support efforts of countries to achieve high and equitable vaccination uptake. In this Canadian Vaccination Evidence Resource and Exchange Centre (CANVax) series, we present key insights from the TIP planning framework to assist vaccine program planners, policy makers and vaccine providers to identify the interventions that will lead to increased vaccine uptake. The TIP is a phased approach that involves the following: 1) a clear diagnosis of the root cause of low vaccination; 2) an intervention based on this understanding; and 3) an evaluation of the implementation process and the impact of the interventions. At the provider-patient level, the approaches and insights of the TIP planning framework could inform vaccination consultation by emphasizing the importance of engaging with and listening to the patients and caregivers, and responding to their needs.

scholarly journals Marketing of Foods to Children through Food Packaging Is Almost Exclusively Linked to Unhealthy Foods

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Živa Lavriša ◽  
Igor Pravst
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Public Health Strategies

The nutritional composition of foods marketed to children is important, as it can significantly influence children’s preferences. The objective of this research was to evaluate the presence of child-oriented food products in the food supply and to investigate their nutritional composition. The sample included 8191 prepacked foods in the Slovenian food supply available in the market in 2015. The nutrient profile (World Health Organisation Regional Office for Europe nutrient profile model) of the products with child-targeted promotions was compared to the nutrient profile of those without child-targeted promotions. Food categories with the highest proportion of products with child-focused promotions were “Breakfast Cereals” (17%), “Chocolate and Sugar Confectionery” (15%) and “Edible Ices” (13%). Altogether, 93% of all products with child-focused promotions and 73% of products without such promotions were classified as “not permitted”. The proportion of “not permitted” foods was significantly higher in products with child-targeted promotions, compared with products without child-targeted promotions (p < 0.0001), and this trend was observed in a majority of food categories. To protect children from exposure to the marketing of foods with less favourable nutritional compositions, public health strategies should be focused also towards limiting promotions of unhealthy foods to children on product packaging, not only in media.

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