scholarly journals Plant Tolerance to Drought Stress in the Presence of Supporting Bacteria and Fungi: An Efficient Strategy in Horticulture

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 390
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Hanaka ◽  
Ewa Ozimek ◽  
Emilia Reszczyńska ◽  
Jolanta Jaroszuk-Ściseł ◽  
Maria Stolarz
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Main Challenge ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The Impact

Increasing temperature leads to intensive water evaporation, contributing to global warming and consequently leading to drought stress. These events are likely to trigger modifications in plant physiology and microbial functioning due to the altered availability of nutrients. Plants exposed to drought have developed different strategies to cope with stress by morphological, physiological, anatomical, and biochemical responses. First, visible changes influence plant biomass and consequently limit the yield of crops. The presented review was undertaken to discuss the impact of climate change with respect to drought stress and its impact on the performance of plants inoculated with plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM). The main challenge for optimal performance of horticultural plants is the application of selected, beneficial microorganisms which actively support plants during drought stress. The most frequently described biochemical mechanisms for plant protection against drought by microorganisms are the production of phytohormones, antioxidants and xeroprotectants, and the induction of plant resistance. Rhizospheric or plant surface-colonizing (rhizoplane) and interior (endophytic) bacteria and fungi appear to be a suitable alternative for drought-stress management. Application of various biopreparations containing PGPM seems to provide hope for a relatively cheap, easy to apply and efficient way of alleviating drought stress in plants, with implications in productivity and food condition.

scholarly journals Conditioned soils reveal plant-selected microbial communities that impact plant drought response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Monohon ◽  
Daniel K. Manter ◽  
Jorge M. Vivanco
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
Drought Resistant

AbstractRhizobacterial communities can contribute to plant trait expression and performance, including plant tolerance against abiotic stresses such as drought. The conditioning of microbial communities related to disease resistance over generations has been shown to develop suppressive soils which aid in plant defense responses. Here, we applied this concept for the development of drought resistant soils. We hypothesized that soils conditioned under severe drought stress and tomato cultivation over two generations, will allow for plant selection of rhizobacterial communities that provide plants with improved drought resistant traits. Surprisingly, the plants treated with a drought-conditioned microbial inoculant showed significantly decreased plant biomass in two generations of growth. Microbial community composition was significantly different between the inoculated and control soils within each generation (i.e., microbial history effect) and for the inoculated soils between generations (i.e., conditioning effect). These findings indicate a substantial effect of conditioning soils on the abiotic stress response and microbial recruitment of tomato plants undergoing drought stress.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Triggers Shifts in the Root Microbial Community and Alters Functional Categories in the Microbial Gene Pool

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbo Xie ◽  
Ghada E. Dawwam ◽  
Amira E. Sehim ◽  
Xian Li ◽  
Jiadong Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Functional Categories ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Root Microbiome

Drought is a major threat to crop productivity and causes decreased plant growth, poor yields, and crop failure. Nevertheless, the frequency of droughts is expected to increase in the coming decades. The microbial communities associated with crop plants can influence how plants respond to various stresses; hence, microbiome manipulation is fast becoming an effective strategy for improving the stress tolerance of plants. The effect of drought stress on the root microbiome of perennial woody plants is currently poorly understood. Using Populus trees as a model ecosystem, we found that the diversity of the root microbial community decreased during drought treatment and that compositional shifts in microbes during drought stress were driven by the relative abundances of a large number of dominant phyla, including Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. A subset of microbes, including Streptomyces rochei, Bacillus arbutinivorans, B. endophyticus, B. megaterium, Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium raperi, Trichoderma ghanense, Gongronella butleri, and Rhizopus stolonifer, was isolated from the drought-treated poplar rhizosphere soils, which have potentially beneficial to plant fitness. Further controlled inoculation experiments showed that the isolated bacterial and fungal isolates positively impacted plant growth and drought tolerance. Collectively, our results demonstrate the impact of drought on root microbiome structure and provide a novel example of manipulating root microbiomes to improve plant tolerance.

scholarly journals Drought Stress Impacts on Plants and Different Approaches to Alleviate Its Adverse Effects

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Mahmoud F. Seleiman ◽  
Nasser Al-Suhaibani ◽  
Nawab Ali ◽  
Mohammad Akmal ◽  
Majed Alotaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Adaptation Mechanisms

Drought stress, being the inevitable factor that exists in various environments without recognizing borders and no clear warning thereby hampering plant biomass production, quality, and energy. It is the key important environmental stress that occurs due to temperature dynamics, light intensity, and low rainfall. Despite this, its cumulative, not obvious impact and multidimensional nature severely affects the plant morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular attributes with adverse impact on photosynthetic capacity. Coping with water scarcity, plants evolve various complex resistance and adaptation mechanisms including physiological and biochemical responses, which differ with species level. The sophisticated adaptation mechanisms and regularity network that improves the water stress tolerance and adaptation in plants are briefly discussed. Growth pattern and structural dynamics, reduction in transpiration loss through altering stomatal conductance and distribution, leaf rolling, root to shoot ratio dynamics, root length increment, accumulation of compatible solutes, enhancement in transpiration efficiency, osmotic and hormonal regulation, and delayed senescence are the strategies that are adopted by plants under water deficit. Approaches for drought stress alleviations are breeding strategies, molecular and genomics perspectives with special emphasis on the omics technology alteration i.e., metabolomics, proteomics, genomics, transcriptomics, glyomics and phenomics that improve the stress tolerance in plants. For drought stress induction, seed priming, growth hormones, osmoprotectants, silicon (Si), selenium (Se) and potassium application are worth using under drought stress conditions in plants. In addition, drought adaptation through microbes, hydrogel, nanoparticles applications and metabolic engineering techniques that regulate the antioxidant enzymes activity for adaptation to drought stress in plants, enhancing plant tolerance through maintenance in cell homeostasis and ameliorates the adverse effects of water stress are of great potential in agriculture.

scholarly journals Foliar selenium application for improving drought tolerance of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Le Vinh Thuc ◽  
Jun-Ichi Sakagami ◽  
Le Thanh Hung ◽  
Tran Ngoc Huu ◽  
Nguyen Quoc Khuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Sesamum Indicum ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract Drought is the main constraint for crop growth worldwide. Selenium reportedly plays an important role in improving plant tolerance to drought stress. In this study, two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of foliar selenium application on the drought tolerance of sesame. Five selenium concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/L) were used in the first experiment. Water deficit was triggered 25 days after sowing. The application of 5 or 10 mg/L of selenium maintained the number of leaves and increased the number of capsules. However, higher concentrations induced necrosis. The second experiment aimed to study the effect of selenium concentrations (5 and 10 mg/L) and the number of applications (one to three times). Drought stress was triggered 50 days after sowing, and selenium was sprayed 50, 55, and 60 days after sowing. The results indicated that a one-time foliar selenium application of 5 mg/L was able to maintain the number of leaves and to increase proline accumulation, plant biomass, and grain weight per plant. This finding confirms that selenium can be applied to enhance sesame’s tolerance to drought stress.

scholarly journals Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Isolated from Degraded Habitat Enhance Drought Tolerance of Acacia (Acacia abyssinica Hochst. ex Benth.) Seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Getahun ◽  
Diriba Muleta ◽  
Fassil Assefa ◽  
Solomon Kiros
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Drought stress (DS) is the most impacting global phenomenon affecting the ecological balance of a particular habitat. The search for potential plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) capable of enhancing plant tolerance to drought stress is needed. Thus, this study was initiated to evaluate the effect of inoculating Acacia abyssinica seedlings with PGPR isolated from rhizosphere soil of Ethiopia to enhance DS tolerance. The strains were selected based on in vitro assays associated with tolerance to drought and other beneficial traits such as salinity, acidity, temperature, heavy metal tolerances, biofilm formation, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production. The strains with the best DS tolerance ability were selected for the greenhouse trials with acacia plants. The results indicate that out of 73 strains, 10 (14%) were completely tolerant to 40% polyethylene glycol. Moreover, 37% of the strains were strong biofilm producers, while 66 (90.41%) were EPS producers with a better production in the medium containing sucrose at 28 ± 2°C and pH 7 ± 0.2. Strains PS-16 and RS-79 showed tolerance to 11% NaCl. All the strains were able to grow in wider ranges of pH (4–10) and temperature (15–45°C) and had high tolerance to heavy metals. The inoculated bacterial strains significantly ( p ≤ 0.05 ) increased root and shoot length and dry biomass of acacia plants. One of the strains identified as P. fluorescens strain FB-49 was outstanding in enhancing DS tolerance compared to the single inoculants and comparable to consortia. Stress-tolerant PGPR could be used to enhance acacia DS tolerance after testing other phytobeneficial traits.

scholarly journals Different Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bamboo to the Addition of TiO2 NPs under Heavy Metal Toxicity

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 759
Author(s):  
Abolghassem Emamverdian ◽  
Yulong Ding ◽  
Farzad Mokhberdoran ◽  
Muthusamy Ramakrishnan ◽  
Zishan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
The Impact

Bamboo forests cover a remarkable area of Chinese forestland. Recently, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been used for plant protection against abiotic stress. In this study, an in vitro tissue culture experiment was conducted to determine the impact of titanium on plant tolerance to two different heavy metals (Cu and Pb). Bamboo plants (Arundinaria pygmaea L.) were grown using five concentrations of TiO2 NPS (0, 50, 80, 100, and 150 µM) without or with 100 µM Cu and 100 µM Pb for 30 days. The results showed that while Cu and Pb increased the generation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds in plants, TiO2 NP treatments played a positive role in reducing oxidative stress, as indicated by the decrease in ROS compounds, the extent of lipoperoxidation, and soluble proteins. On the other hand, the use of TiO2 NPs increased the total antioxidant capacity, chlorophyll content and general plant biomass. Moreover, the addition of TiO2 NPs significantly reduced Cu, and Pb accumulation in roots, stems, and shoots. We concluded that TiO2 NPs have the ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants by increasing the antioxidant capacity, improving the level of injury, and protecting cell membranes via reducing lipoperoxidation (reduction of Malondialdehyde (MDA) content). However, the results indicated that the efficiency of TiO2 NPs was related to the type and concentration of heavy metal, as TiO2 NPs were more effective for Cu than Pb. Additionally, a high concentration of TiO2 NPs resulted in the greatest enhancement in plant growth and development under heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of melatonin improves drought tolerance by regulating growth, photosynthetic traits and leaf ultrastructure of maize seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeel Ahmad ◽  
Ihsan Muhammad ◽  
Guo Yun Wang ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Maize Seedling ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Maize Seedlings ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Melatonin is considered a potential plant growth regulator to enhance the growth of plants and increase tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Nevertheless, melatonin’s role in mediating stress response in different plant species and growth cycles still needs to be explored. This study was conducted to understand the impact of different melatonin concentrations (0, 50, 100, and 150 μM) applied as a soil drench to maize seedling under drought stress conditions. A decreased irrigation approach based on watering was exposed to maize seedling after drought stress was applied at 40–45% of field capacity. Results The results showed that drought stress negatively affected the growth behavior of maize seedlings, such as reduced biomass accumulation, decreased photosynthetic pigments, and enhanced the malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, melatonin application enhanced plant growth; alleviated ROS-induced oxidative damages by increasing the photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzyme activities, relative water content, and osmo-protectants of maize seedlings. Conclusions Melatonin treatment also enhanced the stomatal traits, such as stomatal length, width, area, and the number of pores under drought stress conditions. Our data suggested that 100 μM melatonin application as soil drenching could provide a valuable foundation for improving plant tolerance to drought stress conditions.

scholarly journals Trichoderma asperellum Inoculation as a Tool for Attenuating Drought Stress in Sugarcane

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Scudeletti ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽  
Letusa Momesso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Peroxidase Enzyme ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Cascade Effects

Drought stress is an important concern worldwide which reduces crop yield and quality. To alleviate this problem, Trichoderma asperellum has been used as a plant growth-promoting fungus capable of inducing plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we examined the effect of T. asperellum inoculation on sugarcane plant above and belowground development under drought stress and investigated the role of this fungus on inducing tolerance to drought at physiological and biochemical levels. The experiment was performed in pots under greenhouse conditions, with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of sugarcane plants inoculated or not with T. asperellum and grown under drought stress and adequate water availability. Drought-stressed sugarcane plants inoculated with T. asperellum changed the crop nutrition and chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, resulting in increased photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency compared to the non-inoculated plants. In addition, the antioxidant metabolism also changed, increasing the superoxide dismutase and peroxidase enzyme activities, as well as the proline concentration and sugar portioning. These cascade effects enhanced the root and stalk development, demonstrating that T. asperellum inoculation is an important tool in alleviating the negative effects of drought stress in sugarcane. Future studies should be performed to elucidate if T. asperellum should be reapplied to the sugarcane ratoons.

The Impact of Plant Protection Systems on the Productivity of Soybean Varieties under Irrigated Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 109-117
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
The South ◽  
Biological Origin ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
The Impact

The application of preparations of biological origin in the protection system of soybean grown under conditions of intensive irrigated crop rotations conforms to the modern tendencies of science and production development. The use of them contributes to solving ecological, production and social-economic problems. The study presents the three-year research on the efficiency of systems protecting soybean from pests and diseases based on biological and chemical preparations. The research was conducted in typical soil and climate conditions of the South of Ukraine. Zonal agricultural methods and generally accepted research methodology were used. The purpose of the research was to create a soybean protection system based on preparations of biological origin, ensuring high productivity of high-quality products reducing a negative impact of the crop production on the environment. The study emphasizes that, under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine, the application of biological preparations has a positive impact on the indexes of growth, development and formation of the elements of soybean yield structure. There was an increase in the crop biological weight by 13.8 % and 22.1 % and the number of seeds per plant rose by 11.6 and 14.6 % as a consequence of eliminating harmful organisms with the plant protection systems. The larger ground mass was formed by medium-ripe varieties Danai and Svyatogor, on which the increase from protection measures was higher. Weight 1000 pcs. the seeds did not undergo significant changes. It is established that the larger seeds were formed by Danaya and Svyatogor varieties, in which the average weight is 1000 pcs. seeds were 142 and 136 g, respectively, while in the variety Diona this figure was 133 g. There was an increase in the height of the lowest pod when the total plant height rose. For medium-ripe varieties was characterized by a higher attachment of beans, where the highest values of this indicator acquired in the variety Svyatogor. The medium maturing soybean variety Danaia formed the maximum yield of 3.23 and 3.35 t/ha respectively, when biological and chemical protection systems were applied. The research establishes that the application of the bio-fungicide Psevdobakterin 2 (2.0 l/ha) in the crop protection system at the beginning of soybean flowering and the bio-fungicide Baktofit (2.5 l/ha) with the bio-insecticide Lepidotsid-BTU (10.0 l/ha) at the beginning of pod formation does not reduce the productivity of the soybean varieties under study considerably, when compared to the application of chemical preparations. The research determines that the soybean protection system under study ensures a decrease in the coefficient of soybean water uptake by 7.2-13.0 %, increasing the total water intake to an inconsiderable degree. Biologization of the soybean crop protection system leads to a reduction in production costs compared to the chemical protection system. Taking into account the needs for the collection of additional products, costs increase by an average of 1 thousand UAH/ha, while for chemical protection systems by 1.8 thousand UAH/ha. At the same time, the cost is reduced by 220-360 UAH/t and the profitability of growing crops is increased by 3.8-7.8 %. There has been a reduction in the burden of pesticides on the environment and the production of cleaner products. This indicates the prospect of using the biofungicides Pseudobacterin 2 and Bactophyte and the bioinsecticide Lepidocid-BTU on soybeans to protect plants from pests.

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