scholarly journals Vulnerability and Adaptation to Extreme Heat in Odisha, India: A Community Based Comparative Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5065
Author(s):  
Subhashisa Swain ◽  
Shreeporna Bhattacharya ◽  
Ambarish Dutta ◽  
Sanghamitra Pati ◽  
Lipika Nanda
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Heat Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Slum Population

Background: Extreme heat and heat illness are becoming very frequent in India. We aimed to identify the factors associated with heat illness and the coping practices among city dwellers of Odisha, India during the summer. Methods: A cross-sectional study included 766 households (HHs) in twin cities of Odisha covering a population of 1099 (slum: 404 and non-slum: 695) in the year 2017. We collected information on sociodemographic, household characteristics, coping practices to heat and the heat illness history reported during the summer. Multivariate logistic regression accounting for clustering effects at the household and slum levels was used to identify the associated factors of heat illness after adjustment of other variables. Result: Nearly, 49% of the study participants were female and the mean age was 38.36 years (95% confidence interval (CI): 37.33–39.39 years). A significant difference of living environment was seen across the groups. More than two-thirds of the study participants at least once had heat illness. In the non-slum population, males (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 3.56; 95% CI: 2.39–5.29), persons under medication (aOR: 3.09; 95% CI: 1.15–8.29), and chronic conditions had higher association with heat illness. Whereas, in the slum population, having a kitchen outside the home (aOR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.02–3.96) and persons with chronic conditions were positively associated with heat illness. Use of cooling practices in slum areas reduced the risk of heat illness by 60%. Conclusion: Heat illness is associated with the living environment and physical health of the individuals. Identifying the vulnerable population and scaling up adaptive practices can strengthen the public health preparedness.

Assessment of COVID-19 Related Misinformation among the Community in Basrah, Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (CSI) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Ali Al-Rubaye ◽  
Dhurgham Abdulwahid ◽  
Aymen Albadran ◽  
Abbas Ejbary ◽  
Laith Alrubaiy
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
The Public ◽  
First Case ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central District

Background: There has been a rapid rise in cases of COVID-19 infection and its mortality rate since the first case reported in February 2020. This led to the rampant dissemination of misinformation and rumors about the disease among the public. Objectives: To investigate the scale of public misinformation about COVID-19 in Basrah, Iraq. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a 22-item questionnaire to assess public knowledge and understanding of information related to the COVID-19 infection. Results: A total of 483 individuals completed the questionnaire. The most frequent age group was 26–35 years (28.2%); there were 280 (58%) males and 203 (42%) females. Of the participants, 282 (58.4%) were with an education level below the Bachelor’s degree, 342 (70.8%) were married, and 311 (64%) were living in districts in Basra other than the central district. Overall, 50.8% (11.8/ 22 * 100%) of individuals had the correct information regarding COVID-19. There was a significant association between the level of COVID-19 related misinformation and participants’ educational levels and occupation (p <0.05). However, there was no significant difference found across sex, age group, marital state, and area of residence. Conclusions: Misinformation related to COVID-19 is widely spread and has to be addressed in order to control the pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19, misinformation, knowledge, Iraq

scholarly journals Nurses’ Knowledge toward Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C in Guilan, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farahnaz Joukar ◽  
Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Naghipour ◽  
Tolou Hasandokht
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Health care workers (HCWs) represent high risk population for viral hepatitis infection. Objectives: This study sought to assess the knowledge of HCWs regarding hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Methods: In a multi-center cross sectional study, all HCWs from eight teaching hospitals were invited to participate in the study and to fill in a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 1008 eligible HCWs have responded to the study. A high proportion of the study participants (55.4% and 52.9%) had unsatisfactory knowledge about HBV and HCV. Mean knowledge score toward HBV was significantly higher among more educated staff, p <0.001 and vaccinated personnel, P=0.02. Majority of responders answered correctly to transmission questions toward HBV and HCV (90% and 80%, respectively). There was statistically significant difference in only transmission domain score between various hospitals (p<0.05). The highest scores were related to surgical hospital. Conclusion: Although more than ninety percent of our participants were educated about HBV and HCV, knowledge about nature of disease, prevention, treatment and vaccine availability was unsatisfactory. Continuous training program toward viral infection is a matter of necessity.

scholarly journals A study to assess knowledge and attitude towards HIV among students from Mumbai university

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1999
Author(s):  
Dnyanesh Limaye ◽  
Gerhard Fortwengel ◽  
Vaidehi Limaye ◽  
Aishwarya Bhasi ◽  
Aditya Dhule ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Study Participants

Background: India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world. The Indian epidemic is characterized by low levels in the general population and elevated concentrations among high-risk groups. The present study was planned to determine the awareness of HIV among students from Mumbai University.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May–June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 199 agreed to participate (males: 132; females: 67). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23.Results: Study participants had high knowledge (86%) and attitude score (87%). There was no significant difference between males and female participants for attitude and knowledge, except for one question regarding knowledge about HIV transmission via breastfeeding to child.Conclusions: Present study showed that there are no misconceptions or negative attitudes regarding HIV among students. A longitudinal study with a larger sample size across India is recommended for further investigation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of nomophobia among the undergraduate medical students of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish B. R. ◽  
Bharath J.
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Population ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants

Background: Nomophobia (no mobile phobia), is the fear an individual gets if he is out of mobile phone contact due to no network, has run out of balance or run out of battery; the persons gets anxious, which adversely affects the concentration level of the person. Since the younger generation is the latest consumer of the mobile phones and the under 25 year age group in professional colleges like medical colleges use mobile phones quite frequently this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of nomophobia in the undergraduate students of Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences, Mandya.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Mandya Institute of Medical Sciences during May 2018 to June 2018. All undergraduate students were included i.e. same as study population (n=450). Data collection was done during June 2018 using structured questionnaire.Results: Mean age of the study participants was 20.1±1.3 years. Majority of the study population were hostelites. Approximate amount of money spent on last recharge/last postpaid bill was INR 354.1±185.0. Main reasons for using smartphones were ‘to call family members’, ‘using internet for academics’ and ‘for social networking’. Prevalence of moderate to severe nomophobia among the study population was 99.0%. No statistical significant difference was observed between gender and nomophobia.Conclusions: Prevalence of nomophobia among undergraduate medical student was 99.0% and majority had moderate level of nomophobia. There was no association between nomophobia and gender, place of present residence, amount of money spent on last recharge. 

scholarly journals Assessment of magnitude of physical activity among rural high school children of Nelamangala taluk, Bengaluru: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5181
Author(s):  
Nandish Kumar S. ◽  
Jyothi Jadhav ◽  
Ranganath T. S. ◽  
Vishwanatha .
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Score ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Activity Score ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants

Background: In India, more than two thirds of adolescents aged 11-17 years have insufficient physical activity. Though data on prevalence of physical activity among adolescents with reference to WHO criteria are available, very few studies have assessed the magnitude of physical activity. Hence, the study was conducted to assess the magnitude of physical activity among rural high school children of Nelamangala Taluk, Bengaluru.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 200 high school students from 6 co-education schools. Magnitude of physical activity was assessed using physical activity questionnaire for adolescents (PAQ-A), a self-reported, validated questionnaire.Results: Mean age of the study participants was 14.35 years. 112 (56%) of them were female and 123 (61.5%) of them were studying in 10th standard. 100 (50%) of them were from government or aided school. Final Physical activity score of study participants was 2.39±0.64. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in the final physical activity score between males and females. Government or aided school participants had a better final score than those of private school and the difference was statistically significant. Final physical activity score decreased with their promotion to higher class. There was no significant difference between activity levels during physical education class across variables like sex, class studying and type of school.Conclusions: Physical activity was better among males, government school participants and those studying in lower class in comparison to their counterparts. Majority of this difference can be attributed to activities happening beyond the school hours. 

scholarly journals Socio-cultural barriers for menstrual hygiene management among adolescent school girls of southern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1868
Author(s):  
Logeswari K. ◽  
Jeram Parmar ◽  
Deodatt M. Suryawanshi
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Hygiene ◽  
The Social ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants

Background: India is home to 20% of the world’s adolescent population, with 1 in 10 children currently experiencing puberty. Menstruation, a physiological process in females is influenced not only by race, nutrition and heredity but also by the socio-cultural milieu. In Indian society, the social and cultural restrictions influence the knowledge, attitudes and the practices of adolescent girls towards menstrual hygiene. The present study was carried out to find out the level of knowledge, attitude and practice and the restrictions they face during the process of menstruation.Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study where 489 adolescent school going females of the age group of 13-15 were recruited using simple random sampling from a cluster of schools and interviewed using a semi structured questionnaire for their knowledge, attitudes, practices and the restrictions they face during menstruation. A scoring system was adopted and categorised as poor, average and good.Results: 423 (88.6%) participants demonstrated average to poor knowledge scores, while 279 (57.1%) participants demonstrated average to poor practice scores. There was a significant difference observed between the educational status of mother (p=0.041) and the knowledge scores of study participants. There was no correlation observed between the monthly per capita income of households and the knowledge (r=0.097) and practice scores (r=0.0034). 375 (76%) study participants faced multiple restrictions during menstruation like not allowed to pray or visit temples (93.6%), total seclusion (74.6%), wash clothes separately (74.6%), sleep on floor (74.6%), restriction on leisure (70.4%), eat out of separate utensils (70.4%), and restriction on consumption of food items (49.8%).Conclusions: Knowledge and practices regarding menstrual hygiene was low among study participants and was influenced by various prevalent socio-cultural restrictions. 

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude towards corneal donation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Mohammed Aloudah ◽  
Abdulaziz Ahmed Ataweel ◽  
Sajida Agha ◽  
Syed Waqas Hussain Shah
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Corneal Donation ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Study Participants

Objective: Raising awareness on corneal donation among doctors and medical students is an important step to attain more local corneal donations. The objective of the study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of medical students regarding corneal donations. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 5th and final year’s medical students from August 2019 to October 2019. Non-probability convenience sampling was employed. A self-administered questionnaire that evaluated the aspects of knowledge and attitudes about corneal donation was used after informed consent was taken. SPSS 20 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The study participants had a mean score of 3.24+1.86 on the knowledge aspect. Eighty percent correctly recognized that people who die with AIDS cannot donate. The most chosen reason for eyes donation was that pledged corneas can give vision to a blind person (n=66, 47%). Religious beliefs were a major obstacle for eye donation (n=62, 44%). The internet was identified by 79 (56%) of the participants to be the most common source of information. No significant difference was found in the knowledge level of the 5th year (3.31 + 1.84) and final year (3.17 + 1.89) medical students (p=0.65). Conclusion: The study showed a low level of knowledge of students about corneal donations. While raising awareness among medical students is important to increase donation rates, media and internet are not enough for improving the student’s knowledge. Information about the basics of corneal donation is important to fill gaps in knowledge. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, corneal donation, Medical students

scholarly journals Attitude, Familiarity and Religious Beliefs about Vaccination among Health Science and Non-Health Science Students in a Malaysian Public University

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1462-1473
Author(s):  
Ramdan M. Elkalmi ◽  
Eman Dyab ◽  
Azyyati Mohd Suhaimi ◽  
Ali Qais Blebil ◽  
Mohamed Hassan Elnaem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Attitude Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Vaccine hesitancy has surfaced globally within the last few decades, and the fears and misconceptions of people about vaccine safety and effectiveness have been identified as key factors for their under-utilization. The familiarity, attitudes, and religious beliefs of the public and of future healthcare practitioners regarding vaccination are extensive areas needing exploration. The present exploratory cross-sectional study was designed, planned and carried out on students enrolled in health science and non-health science courses in one of the public universities of Malaysia. A research instrument that had been formulated, validated and subjected to reliability testing was used to collect the data, which were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. A response rate of 80.8% (n = 202) was obtained: the majority were female (n = 161, 79.7%), and had been vaccinated before (n = 190, 97.5%), while a mere 2% did not support vaccination for reasons pertaining to safety issues. The vaccine familiarity score was 10.79 ± 1.4, which significantly differed among the study disciplines (p < 0.001). The mean of the total attitude score was 14.95 ± 1.5, with no significant difference among demographics being noted. The mean of the total religious beliefs score was 24.29 ± 2.8 and significantly differed based on gender (p = 0.040) and study disciplines (p < 0.001). The current findings showed that the participants were familiar with vaccines and had generally positive attitudes and positive religious beliefs toward vaccination; thus, one can expect that their inclusion in immunization campaigns will generate positive outcomes of the immunization program. Although the current research reported few knowledge gaps, these may be handled with the introduction of a specialized immunization course at an undergraduate level.

scholarly journals Abattoir Prevalence of Bovine Cysticercosis in Cattle Slaughtered at Haramaya Municipal Abattoir, Eastern Hararghe Zone Of Oromia Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Ahmed Adem M
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Beef Industry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Bovine Cysticercosis ◽  
Shoulder Muscle ◽  
Significant Difference

A cross - sectional study was conducted from November, 2011 to April, 2012 on bovine cysticercosis in cattle slaughtered at Haramaya Municipal Abattoir with the objectives of determining the prevalence of bovine cysticercosis and to characterize the viabilit y of the cyst. Out of 384 systematically selected slaughtered cattle, 28 (7.27%) were infected with Cysticercusbovis. A total of 126 cysts were collected in which 76 (60.32%) were viable while others 50 (39.68%) were degenerated. The anatomical distributio n of cysticerci was liver, heart, shoulder muscle, tongue, masseter and lung in decreasing order of cyst harboring. A statistical analysis of infection rate on the basis of origin of the animal and sex has no significant difference (p> 0.05) but age has si gnificant difference (p<0.05). In conclusion, the present study imply that the disease deserves due attention to safeguard the public health and promote beef industry in the country. Therefore, appropriate control and preventive measures should be taken in order to reduce the disease problem on public health even if its economic significance associated with cysticercosis is minimal.

scholarly journals Pharmacy students’ views on the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE): findings from two Malaysian universities

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
Mohamed Hassan Elnaem ◽  
Muhammad Zuljalil Ilham Wahab ◽  
Aqilah Mohd Ali ◽  
Umi Syuhada Abd Rahim ◽  
Nuraqilah Zulkifli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Objective Structured Clinical Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
Constructive Feedback ◽  
Study Participants

Objectives: To investigate and compare the views of undergraduate pharmacy students in two Malaysian pharmacy schools (one private and one public) regarding the organisation, quality, and objectivity of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken among penultimate and final year students in two Malaysian pharmacy schools between October to December 2019 (International Islamic University Malaysia [IIUM] and University of Cyberjaya [UoC]). A questionnaire was developed, tested, validated and then distributed to study participants through online Google forms. Results: A total of 221 undergraduate pharmacy students participated in the study. Students from the public university disagreed with the allocated time for the OSCE stations (IIUM 63.9% and 48.7% vs UoC 11.6% and 14.3%). Relatively few students agreed that OSCE is a less stressful type of assessment compared to other traditional methods (IIUM 7.2% and 10.3% vs UoC 39.5% and 23.8%). Both groups of students’ also disagreed that OSCE marks were likely to be affected by the student’s gender (IIUM 73.2% and 66.7% vs UoC 67.4% and 78.6%). Conclusion: The majority of participants had positive views on the organisation, quality, and objectivity of OSCE, with several differences between students in public and private universities. There are few areas to be further considered to ensure more positive OSCE experience for students such as revision on the time allocation for every station and on the provision of timely constructive feedback.

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