scholarly journals The Artificial Promoter rMdAG2I Confers Flower-specific Activity in Malus

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong ◽  
Liu ◽  
Fan ◽  
Asghar ◽  
Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Malus Species ◽  
Genetic Modifications ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

Genetic modifications of floral organs are important in the breeding of Malus species. Flower-specific promoters can be used to improve floral organs specifically, without affecting vegetative organs, and therefore developing such promoters is highly desirable. Here, we characterized two paralogs of the Arabidopsis thaliana gene AGAMOUS (AG) from Malus domestica (apple): MdAG1 and MdAG2. We then isolated the second-intron sequences for both genes, and created four artificial promoters by fusing each intron sequence to a minimal 35S promoter sequence in both the forward and reverse directions. When transferred into tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated stable transformation, one promoter, rMdAG2I, exhibited activity specifically in flowers, whereas the other three also showed detectable activity in vegetative organs. A test of the four promoters' activities in the ornamental species Malus micromalus by Agrobacterium-mediated transient transformation showed that, as in tobacco, only rMdAG2I exhibited a flower-specific expression pattern. Through particle bombardment transformation, we demonstrated that rMdAG2I also had flower-specific activity in the apple cultivar ‘Golden Delicious’. The flower-specific promoter rMdAG2I, derived from M. domestica, thus has great potential for use in improving the floral characteristics of ornamental plants, especially the Malus species.

scholarly journals Gene expression of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase in a poorly ketogenic mammal: effect of starvation during the neonatal period of the piglet

1997 ◽  
Vol 324 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean H. ADAMS ◽  
Clarice S. ALHO ◽  
Guillermina ASINS ◽  
Fausto G. HEGARDT ◽  
Pedro F. MARRERO
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern ◽  
Low Activity

The low ketogenic capacity of pigs correlates with a low activity of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) synthase. To identify the molecular mechanism controlling such activity, we isolated the pig cDNA encoding this enzyme and analysed changes in mRNA levels and mitochondrial specific activity induced during development and starvation. Pig mitochondrial synthase showed a tissue-specific expression pattern. As with rat and human, the gene is expressed in liver and large intestine; however, the pig differs in that mRNA was not detected in testis, kidney or small intestine. During development, pig mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase gene expression showed interesting differences from that in the rat: (1) there was a 2–3 week lag in the postnatal induction; (2) the mRNA levels remained relatively abundant through the suckling–weaning transition and at maturity, in contrast with the fall observed in rats at similar stages of development; and (3) the gene expression was highly induced by fasting during the suckling, whereas no such change in mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase mRNA levels has been observed in rat. The enzyme activity of mitochondrial HMG-CoA synthase increased 27-fold during starvation in piglets, but remained one order of magnitude lower than rats. These results indicate that post-transcriptional mechanism(s) and/or intrinsic differences in the encoded enzyme are responsible for the low activity of pig HMG-CoA synthase observed throughout development or after fasting.

Concordant Androgen-Regulated Expression of Divergent Rhox5 Promoters in Sertoli Cells

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Bhardwaj ◽  
Abhishek Sohni ◽  
Chih-Hong Lou ◽  
Karel De Gendt ◽  
Fanmao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alternative Promoters ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

Abstract Concordant transcriptional regulation can generate multiple gene products that collaborate to achieve a common goal. Here we report a case of concordant transcriptional regulation that instead drives a single protein to be produced in the same cell type from divergent promoters. This gene product—the RHOX5 homeobox transcription factor—is translated from 2 different mRNAs with different 5′ untranslated regions (UTRs) transcribed from alternative promoters. Despite the fact that these 2 promoters—the proximal promoter (Pp) and the distal promoter (Pd)—exhibit different patterns of tissue-specific activity, share no obvious sequence identity, and depend on distinct transcription factors for expression, they exhibit a remarkably similar expression pattern in the testes. In particular, both depend on androgen signaling for expression in the testes, where they are specifically expressed in Sertoli cells and have a similar stage-specific expression pattern during the seminiferous epithelial cycle. We report evidence for 3 mechanisms that collaborate to drive concordant Pp/Pd expression. First, both promoters have an intrinsic ability to respond to androgen receptor and androgen. Second, the Pp acts as an enhancer to promote androgen-dependent transcription from the Pd. Third, Pd transcription is positively autoregulated by the RHOX5 protein, which is first produced developmentally from the Pp. Together, our data support a model in which the Rhox5 homeobox gene evolved multiple mechanisms to activate both of its promoters in Sertoli cells to produce Rhox5 in an androgen-dependent manner during different phases of spermatogenesis.

scholarly journals A 1232 bp upstream sequence of glutamine synthetase 1b from Eichhornia crassipes is a root-preferential promoter sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanshan Zhong ◽  
Xiaodan Lu ◽  
Zhiwei Deng ◽  
Ziqing Lu ◽  
Minghui Fu
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Upstream Sequence ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
N Metabolism

Abstract Background Glutamine synthetase (GS) acts as a key enzyme in plant nitrogen (N) metabolism. It is important to understand the regulation of GS expression in plant. Promoters can initiate the transcription of its downstream gene. Eichhornia crassipes is a most prominent aquatic invasive plant, which has negative effects on environment and economic development. It also can be used in the bioremediation of pollutants present in water and the production of feeding and energy fuel. So identification and characterization of GS promoter in E. crassipes can help to elucidate its regulation mechanism of GS expression and further to control its N metabolism. Results A 1232 bp genomic fragment upstream of EcGS1b sequence from E. crassipes (EcGS1b-P) has been cloned, analyzed and functionally characterized. TSSP-TCM software and PlantCARE analysis showed a TATA-box core element, a CAAT-box, root specific expression element, light regulation elements including chs-CMA1a, Box I, and Sp1 and other cis-acting elements in the sequence. Three 5′-deletion fragments of EcGS1b upstream sequence with 400 bp, 600 bp and 900 bp length and the 1232 bp fragment were used to drive the expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS) in tobacco. The quantitative test revealed that GUS activity decreased with the decreasing of the promoter length, which indicated that there were no negative regulated elements in the EcGS1-P. The GUS expressions of EcGS1b-P in roots were significantly higher than those in leaves and stems, indicating EcGS1b-P to be a root-preferential promoter. Real-time Quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis of EcGS1b gene also showed higher expression in the roots of E.crassipes than in stems and leaves. Conclusions EcGS1b-P is a root-preferential promoter sequence. It can specifically drive the transcription of its downstream gene in root. This study will help to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of EcGS1b tissue-specific expression and further study its other regulatory mechanisms in order to utilize E.crassipes in remediation of eutrophic water and control its overgrowth from the point of nutrient metabolism.

Identification and expression analysis of Dazl homologue in Cynops cyanurus

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yinjiao Zhao ◽  
Ya Du ◽  
Qinglan Ge ◽  
Fang Yan ◽  
Shu Wei
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Recognition Motif ◽  
Rna Recognition ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Recognition Motif ◽  
Deleted In Azoospermia ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

Summary The Dazl (deleted in azoospermia-like) gene encodes an RNA-binding protein containing an RNA recognition motif (RRM) and a DAZ motif. Dazl is essential for gametogenesis in vertebrates. In this study, we report the cloning of Dazl cDNA from Cynops cyanurus. Ccdazl mRNA showed a germline-specific expression pattern as expected. Ccdazl expression gradually decreased during oogenesis, suggesting that it may be involved in oocyte development. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the Ccdazl protein shares conserved motifs/domains with Dazl proteins from other species. Cloning of Ccdazl provides a new tool to carry out comparative studies of germ cell development in amphibians.

scholarly journals Neuroendocrine prostate cancer has distinctive, non-prostatic HOX code that is represented by the loss of HOXB13 expression

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyuan Cheng ◽  
Shu Yang ◽  
Yingli Shi ◽  
Runhua Shi ◽  
Yunshin Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Hox Gene ◽  
Human Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
All Trans Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hox Code ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

AbstractHOX gene-encoded homeobox proteins control body patterning during embryonic development; the specific expression pattern of HOX genes may correspond to tissue identity. In this study, using RNAseq data of 1019 human cancer cell lines that originated from 24 different anatomic sites, we established HOX codes for various types of tissues. We applied these HOX codes to the transcriptomic profiles of prostate cancer (PCa) samples and found that the majority of prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPCa) samples sustained a prostate-specific HOX code whereas the majority of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) samples did not, which reflects the anaplastic nature of NEPCa. Also, our analysis showed that the NEPCa samples did not correlate well with the HOX codes of any other tissue types, indicating that NEPCa tumors lose their prostate identities but do not gain new tissue identities. Additionally, using immunohistochemical staining, we evaluated the prostatic expression of HOXB13, the most prominently changed HOX gene in NEPCa. We found that HOXB13 was expressed in both benign prostatic tissues and AdPCa but its expression was reduced or lost in NEPCa. Furthermore, we treated PCa cells with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and found that the reduced HOXB13 expression can be reverted. This suggests that ATRA is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of NEPCa tumors by reversing them to a more treatable AdPCa.

Overlapping positive and negative regulatory elements determine lens-specific activity of the delta 1-crystallin enhancer

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5206-5215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Kamachi ◽  
H Kondoh
Keyword(s):  
Mutational Analysis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Positive Element ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Enhancer Activity ◽  
Negative Element ◽  
Positive Elements ◽  
Lens Cells ◽  
Specific Regulation

Lens-specific expression of the delta 1-crystallin gene is governed by an enhancer in the third intron, and the 30-bp-long DC5 fragment was found to be responsible for eliciting the lens-specific activity. Mutational analysis of the DC5 fragment identified two contiguous, interdependent positive elements and a negative element which overlaps the 3'-located positive element. Previously identified ubiquitous factors delta EF1 bound to the negative element and repressed the enhancer activity in nonlens cells. Mutation and cotransfection analyses indicated the existence of an activator which counteracts the action of delta EF1 in lens cells, probably through binding site competition. We also found a group of nuclear factors, collectively called delta EF2, which bound to the 5'-located positive element. delta EF2a and -b were the major species in lens cells, whereas delta EF2c and -d predominated in nonlens cells. These delta EF2 proteins probably cooperate with factors bound to the 3'-located element in activation in lens cells and repression in nonlens cells. delta EF2 proteins also bound to a promoter sequence of the gamma F-crystallin gene, suggesting that delta EF2 proteins are involved in lens-specific regulation of various crystallin classes.

Stomatal ontogeny of the vegetative and floral organs of some Papilionaceae

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
GL Shah ◽  
BV Gopal
Keyword(s):  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Subsidiary Cell ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Floral Organs ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Subsidiary Cells ◽  
Stomatal Ontogeny

The structure and development of stomata on the vegetative and floral organs of Vigna unguiculata Walp., and the vegetative organs of Phaseolus radiatus L. and P. aconitifolius Jacq. are described. Paracytic, anisocytic, and anomocytic stomata are present on the same surface of different organs of the plants investigated except on the stem and petiole of V. unguiculata, the bract of P. radiatus, and the petiole, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius where the last type is absent. Stomata with only one subsidiary cell are found on the leaf, petiole, sepal, and petal of V. unguiculata. Diacytic stomata occur on the stipel of P. radiatus and the stem, stipule, and stipel of P. aconitifolius. Paracytic stomata are by far the commonest on each organ. The frequency of different types of stomata on different organs in the plants investigated is tabulated. The ontogeny of different kinds of stomata on each organ is mesogenous, but the perigenous type may be found on the petal and pericarp of V. unguiculata and the stipule of P. radiatus. The variation in stomata is due to: (a) a diversity in stomatal types even on the same surface, and (b) an increase in the number of subsidiary cells. The subsidiary cells divide, or additional subsidiary cells are derived from adjacent epidermal cells. The present study also supports the inclusion of the species concerned in the tribe Phaseolae.

scholarly journals Tissue Distribution of ACE2 Protein in Syrian Golden Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and Its Possible Implications in SARS-CoV-2 Related Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voddu Suresh ◽  
Deepti Parida ◽  
Aliva P. Minz ◽  
Manisha Sethi ◽  
Bhabani S. Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamster ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

The Syrian golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) has recently been demonstrated as a clinically relevant animal model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, lack of knowledge about the tissue-specific expression pattern of various proteins in these animals and the unavailability of reagents like antibodies against this species hampers these models’ optimal use. The major objective of our current study was to analyze the tissue-specific expression pattern of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a proven functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in different organs of the hamster. Using two different antibodies (MA5-32307 and AF933), we have conducted immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence analysis to evaluate the ACE2 expression in different tissues of the hamster. Further, at the mRNA level, the expression of Ace2 in tissues was evaluated through RT-qPCR analysis. Both the antibodies detected expression of ACE2 in kidney, small intestine, tongue, and liver. Epithelium of proximal tubules of kidney and surface epithelium of ileum expresses a very high amount of this protein. Surprisingly, analysis of stained tissue sections showed no detectable expression of ACE2 in the lung or tracheal epithelial cells. Similarly, all parts of the large intestine were negative for ACE2 expression. Analysis of tissues from different age groups and sex didn’t show any obvious difference in ACE2 expression pattern or level. Together, our findings corroborate some of the earlier reports related to ACE2 expression patterns in human tissues and contradict others. We believe that this study’s findings have provided evidence that demands further investigation to understand the predominant respiratory pathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease.

scholarly journals Genome-wide analysis of CrRLK1L genes and their expression profiling during fiber development in cotton

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyun Zuo ◽  
Javaria Ashraf ◽  
Hailiang Cheng ◽  
Shang Liu ◽  
Youping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Fiber Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern

Abstract Background: Catharanthus roseus receptor-like kinase 1-like (CrRLK1Ls) proteins play important roles in cell growth, plant morphogenesis, reproduction, hormone signaling, plant immunity and stress responses in Arabidopsis. However, not much information is available about their functions during cotton fiber development.Results: We identified a total of 125, 73 and 71 full-length putative CrRLK1L genes in G. hirsutum, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, which are much greater than that of the other plants. The phylogenetic and gene structure analysis divided the cotton CrRLK1L genes into six major groups, among which only group I and II contained AtCrRLK1Ls of Arabidopsis, suggesting that other groups (group III-VI) were expanded by gene duplication during cotton evolution. Genome collinearity analysis revealed that half of the At02 genes in G. hirsutum derived from A02 of G. arboreum, while the other half (GhCrRLK1L6 and GhCrRLK1L7) originated from Dt03 and Dt02 of G. raimondii, indicating segmental duplication between noncorresponding chromosomes during polyploidization of G. hirsutum. In addition, expression and cis-element analysis revealed that only 22 GhCrRLK1Ls showed specific expression pattern during fiber development which are mainly due to the presence of binding sites for NAC, MYB and WRKY transcription factors.Conclusions: This study provides a strong foundation to further explore the molecular mechanism of CrRLK1L genes during fiber development in upland cotton.

scholarly journals Neuropeptides in modulation of Drosophila behavior: how to get a grip on their pleiotropic actions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dick R Nässel ◽  
Dennis Pauls ◽  
Wolf Huetteroth
Keyword(s):  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Internal State ◽  
Neurosecretory Cells ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Specific Expression Pattern ◽  
Pleiotropic Functions ◽  
Pleiotropic Actions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Different Levels

Neuropeptides constitute a large and diverse class of signaling molecules that are produced by many types of neurons, neurosecretory cells, endocrines and other cells. Many neuropeptides display pleiotropic actions either as neuromodulators, co-transmitters or circulating hormones, while some play these roles concurrently. Here, we highlight pleiotropic functions of neuropeptides and different levels of neuropeptide signaling in the brain, from context-dependent orchestrating signaling by higher order neurons, to local executive modulation in specific circuits. Additionally, orchestrating neurons receive peptidergic signals from neurons conveying organismal internal state cues and relay these to executive circuits. We exemplify these levels of signaling with four neuropeptides, SIFamide, short neuropeptide F, allatostatin-A and leucokinin, each with a specific expression pattern and level of complexity in signaling.

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