scholarly journals Molecular Cloning and Functional Analysis of GmLACS2-3 Reveals Its Involvement in Cutin and Suberin Biosynthesis along with Abiotic Stress Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9175
Author(s):  
Asma Ayaz ◽  
Haodong Huang ◽  
Minglü Zheng ◽  
Wajid Zaman ◽  
Donghai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Chain Acyl ◽  
Important Crop Plant

Cutin and wax are the main precursors of the cuticle that covers the aerial parts of plants and provide protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs) play diversified roles in the synthesis of cutin, wax, and triacylglycerol (TAG). Most of the information concerned with LACS functions is obtained from model plants, whereas the roles of LACS genes in Glycine max are less known. Here, we have identified 19 LACS genes in Glycine max, an important crop plant, and further focused our attention on 4 LACS2 genes (named as GmLACS2-1, 2, 3, 4, respectively). These GmLACS2 genes display different expression patterns in various organs and also show different responses to abiotic stresses, implying that these genes might play diversified functions during plant growth and against stresses. To further identify the role of GmLACS2-3, greatly induced by abiotic stresses, we transformed a construct containing its full length of coding sequence into Arabidopsis. The expression of GmLACS2-3 in an Arabidopsis atlacs2 mutant greatly suppressed its phenotype, suggesting it plays conserved roles with that of AtLACS2. The overexpression of GmLACS2-3 in wild-type plants significantly increased the amounts of cutin and suberin but had little effect on wax amounts, indicating the specific role of GmLACS2-3 in the synthesis of cutin and suberin. In addition, these GmLACS2-3 overexpressing plants showed enhanced drought tolerance. Taken together, our study deepens our understanding of the functions of LACS genes in different plants and also provides a clue for cultivating crops with strong drought resistance.

Functional analysis of the soybean gene GmTIR under biotic and abiotic stresses

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Xiaoting Wang ◽  
Lu Huang ◽  
Xiaochun Bian ◽  
Zhan Li ◽  
Ruifang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tir Domain

The TIR (Toll/interleukin-1 receptor) domain has been proposed to play a signalling role in resistance responses mediated by TIR-containing proteins. The functions of some TIR-domain-containing proteins have been defined in some plants; however, there has been no study evaluating TIR-domain-containing proteins in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). In this study, GmTIR was isolated from soybean, and its functions under stresses were analysed. Analysis of tissue-specific expression patterns showed that GmTIR was strongly expressed in leaves and weakly expressed in the immature green beans. Treatments with Phytophthora sojae, salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, copper, salt and drought significantly increased GmTIR expression, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid and low temperature caused slight increases. Compared with wild type expression, GmTIR overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana led to a higher germination rate under both salt and drought stresses, but the root length of transgenic Arabidopsis was greater than of wild type plants only under salt stress. In response to the stresses, accumulation of proline in transgenic plants was also higher. The results suggest that GmTIR could be a positive factor for promoting the survival of plants under biotic and abiotic stresses.

scholarly journals Transgene CpNAC68 from Wintersweet (Chimonanthus praecox) Improves Arabidopsis Survival of Multiple Abiotic Stresses

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1403
Author(s):  
Jie Lin ◽  
Daofeng Liu ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Sajjad Ahmed ◽  
Mingyang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Nuclear Protein ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Chimonanthus Praecox

The NAC (NAM, ATAFs, CUC) family of transcription factors (TFs) play a pivotal role in regulating all processes of the growth and development of plants, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Yet, the functions of NACs from non-model plant species remains largely uncharacterized. Here, we characterized the stress-responsive effects of a NAC gene isolated from wintersweet, an ornamental woody plant that blooms in winter when temperatures are low. CpNAC68 is clustered in the NAM subfamily. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activity assays demonstrated a nuclear protein that has transcription activator activities. qRT-PCR analyses revealed that CpNAC68 was ubiquitously expressed in old flowers and leaves. Additionally, the expression of CpNAC68 is induced by disparate abiotic stresses and hormone treatments, including drought, heat, cold, salinity, GA, JA, and SA. Ectopic overexpression of CpNAC68 in Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced the tolerance of transgenic plants to cold, heat, salinity, and osmotic stress, yet had no effect on growth and development. The survival rate and chlorophyll amounts following stress treatments were significantly higher than wild type Arabidopsis, and were accompanied by lower electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (MDA) amounts. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that CpNAC68 can be used as a tool to enhance plant tolerance to multiple stresses, suggesting a role in abiotic stress tolerance in wintersweet.

scholarly journals An R2R3-type myeloblastosis transcription factor MYB103 is involved in phosphorus remobilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangwei Yu ◽  
Shenyun Wang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
Li Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Myb Transcription Factor ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

Abstract The members of myeloblastosis transcription factor (MYB TF) family are involved in the regulation of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the role of MYB TF in phosphorus remobilization remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we show that an R2R3 type MYB transcription factor, MYB103, is involved in phosphorus (P) remobilization. MYB103 was remarkably induced by P deficiency in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). As cabbage lacks the proper mutant for elucidating the mechanism of MYB103 in P deficiency, another member of the crucifer family, Arabidopsis thaliana was chosen for further study. The transcript of its homologue AtMYB103 was also elevated in response to P deficiency in A. thaliana, while disruption of AtMYB103 (myb103) exhibited increased sensitivity to P deficiency, accompanied with decreased tissue biomass and soluble P concentration. Furthermore, AtMYB103 was involved in the P reutilization from cell wall, as less P was released from the cell wall in myb103 than in wildtype, coinciding with the reduction of ethylene production. Taken together, our results uncover an important role of MYB103 in the P remobilization, presumably through ethylene signaling.

scholarly journals Calcium Signaling in Plant Programmed Cell Death

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1089
Author(s):  
Huimin Ren ◽  
Xiaohong Zhao ◽  
Wenjie Li ◽  
Jamshaid Hussain ◽  
Guoning Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Stress Perception ◽  
The Past

Programmed cell death (PCD) is a process intended for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by eliminating old, damaged, or unwanted cells. In plants, PCD takes place during developmental processes and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In contrast to the field of animal studies, PCD is not well understood in plants. Calcium (Ca2+) is a universal cell signaling entity and regulates numerous physiological activities across all the kingdoms of life. The cytosolic increase in Ca2+ is a prerequisite for the induction of PCD in plants. Although over the past years, we have witnessed significant progress in understanding the role of Ca2+ in the regulation of PCD, it is still unclear how the upstream stress perception leads to the Ca2+ elevation and how the signal is further propagated to result in the onset of PCD. In this review article, we discuss recent advancements in the field, and compare the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD in biotic and abiotic stresses. Moreover, we discuss the upstream and downstream components of Ca2+ signaling and its crosstalk with other signaling pathways in PCD. The review is expected to provide new insights into the role of Ca2+ signaling in PCD and to identify gaps for future research efforts.

Pax6 regulates specification of ventral neurone subtypes in the hindbrain by establishing progenitor domains

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masanori Takahashi ◽  
Noriko Osumi
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Domain Formation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Whole Embryo Culture ◽  
Neuronal Markers ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Neuronal Progenitors ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Mutant Rat

Recent studies have shown that generation of different kinds of neurones is controlled by combinatorial actions of homeodomain (HD) proteins expressed in the neuronal progenitors. Pax6 is a HD protein that has previously been shown to be involved in the differentiation of the hindbrain somatic (SM) motoneurones and V1 interneurones in the hindbrain and/or spinal cord. To investigate in greater depth the role of Pax6 in generation of the ventral neurones, we first examined the expression patterns of HD protein genes and subtype-specific neuronal markers in the hindbrain of the Pax6 homozygous mutant rat. We found that Islet2 (SM neurone marker) and En1 (V1 interneurone marker) were transiently expressed in a small number of cells, indicating that Pax6 is not directly required for specification of these neurones. We also observed that domains of all other HD protein genes (Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, Irx3, Dbx2 and Dbx1) were shifted and their boundaries became blurred. Thus, Pax6 is required for establishment of the progenitor domains of the ventral neurones. Next, we performed Pax6 overexpression experiments by electroporating rat embryos in whole embryo culture. Pax6 overexpression in the wild type decreased expression of Nkx2.2, but ectopically increased expression of Irx3, Dbx1 and Dbx2. Moreover, electroporation of Pax6 into the Pax6 mutant hindbrain rescued the development of Islet2-positive and En1-positive neurones. To know reasons for perturbed progenitor domain formation in Pax6 mutant, we examined expression patterns of Shh signalling molecules and states of cell death and cell proliferation. Shh was similarly expressed in the floor plate of the mutant hindbrain, while the expressions of Ptc1, Gli1 and Gli2 were altered only in the progenitor domains for the motoneurones. The position and number of TUNEL-positive cells were unchanged in the Pax6 mutant. Although the proportion of cells that were BrdU-positive slightly increased in the mutant, there was no relationship with specific progenitor domains. Taken together, we conclude that Pax6 regulates specification of the ventral neurone subtypes by establishing the correct progenitor domains.

scholarly journals Heat Shock Proteins: Dynamic Biomolecules to Counter Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5321 ◽  
Author(s):  
ul Haq ◽  
Khan ◽  
Ali ◽  
Khattak ◽  
Gai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Proteins ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Shock Proteins

Due to the present scenario of climate change, plants have to evolve strategies to survive and perform under a plethora of biotic and abiotic stresses, which restrict plant productivity. Maintenance of plant protein functional conformation and preventing non-native proteins from aggregation, which leads to metabolic disruption, are of prime importance. Plant heat shock proteins (HSPs), as chaperones, play a pivotal role in conferring biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. Moreover, HSP also enhances membrane stability and detoxifies the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by positively regulating the antioxidant enzymes system. Additionally, it uses ROS as a signal to molecules to induce HSP production. HSP also enhances plant immunity by the accumulation and stability of pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins under various biotic stresses. Thus, to unravel the entire plant defense system, the role of HSPs are discussed with a special focus on plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses, which will be helpful in the development of stress tolerance in plant crops.

scholarly journals Unique Role of Caffeine Compared to Other Methylxanthines (Theobromine, Theophylline, Pentoxifylline, Propentofylline) in Regulation of AD Relevant Genes in Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Wild Type Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9015
Author(s):  
Daniel Janitschke ◽  
Anna A. Lauer ◽  
Cornel M. Bachmann ◽  
Martin Seyfried ◽  
Heike S. Grimm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Purine Base ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Other Substances

Methylxanthines are a group of substances derived from the purine base xanthine with a methyl group at the nitrogen on position 3 and different residues at the nitrogen on position 1 and 7. They are widely consumed in nutrition and used as pharmaceuticals. Here we investigate the transcriptional regulation of 83 genes linked to Alzheimer’s disease in the presence of five methylxanthines, including the most prominent naturally occurring methylxanthines—caffeine, theophylline and theobromine—and the synthetic methylxanthines pentoxifylline and propentofylline. Methylxanthine-regulated genes were found in pathways involved in processes including oxidative stress, lipid homeostasis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, as well as pathways involved in neuronal function. Interestingly, multivariate analysis revealed different or inverse effects on gene regulation for caffeine compared to the other methylxanthines, which was further substantiated by multiple comparison analysis, pointing out a distinct role for caffeine in gene regulation. Our results not only underline the beneficial effects of methylxanthines in the regulation of genes in neuroblastoma wild-type cells linked to neurodegenerative diseases in general, but also demonstrate that individual methylxanthines like caffeine mediate unique or inverse expression patterns. This suggests that the replacement of single methylxanthines by others could result in unexpected effects, which could not be anticipated by the comparison to other substances in this substance class.

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