Quality Assessment of Goldenrod, Milkweed and Multifloral Honeys Based on Botanical Origin, Antioxidant Capacity and Mineral Content

The goal of the study was to evaluate the pollen spectrum, antioxidant capacity and mineral content of four Hungarian honey types, using multivariate statistical analysis. The light colored honeys were represented by milkweed honey and a multifloral (MF) honey with dominant pollen frequency of linden (MF-Tilia); the darker ones were goldenrod honey and a multifloral honey with Lamiaceae pollen majority (MF-Lamiaceae). The pollen spectrum of the samples was established with melissopalynological analysis. The absorbance of the honeys positively correlated with the antioxidant capacity determined with three of the used methods (TRC, TEAC, DPPH), but not with ORAC. The latter method correlated negatively also with other antioxidant methods and with most of the mineral values. MF-Tilia had high ORAC value, K and Na content. The MF-Lamiaceae had the highest K, Mg, P, S, Cu and Zn content, the last five elements showing strict correlation with the TRC method. The darker goldenrod honey had higher SET values and total mineral content, than the milkweed honey. The above character-sets facilitate identification of each honey type and serve as indicators of variety. The antioxidant levels and mineral content of honeys allowed their clear separation by principal component analysis (PCA).

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Quality Evaluation of Light- and Dark-Colored Hungarian Honeys, Focusing on Botanical Origin, Antioxidant Capacity and Mineral Content

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092825 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2825

Author(s):

Alexandra Bodó ◽

Lilla Radványi ◽

Tamás Kőszegi ◽

Rita Csepregi ◽

Dávid U. Nagy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Quality Evaluation ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Complex Analysis ◽

Antiradical Activity ◽

Principal Component ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Toxic Element ◽

Botanical Origin ◽

Light Amber

Melissopalynology, antioxidant capacity and mineral and toxic element contents were analyzed in eight types of Hungarian honeys. Based on color, two groups were distinguished: light honeys comprised acacia, amorpha, phacelia and linden honeys; while dark honeys included sunflower, chestnut, fennel and sage honeys, with 100 to 300 and 700 to 1500 mAU, respectively. The unifloral origin of each sample was supported using pollen analysis. The absorbance of honey correlated positively with antioxidant capacity determined by three different methods (TRC, DPPH, ORAC), and also with mineral content. The exception was the light amber linden honey with significantly higher K content and antiradical activity than other light honeys. The Mn, Zn and Fe contents were the highest in chestnut, sunflower and fennel honeys, respectively. The black meadow sage honey performed best regarding the content of other elements and antioxidant activity. The concentrations of several toxic elements were below the detection limit in the samples, indicating their good quality. The principal component analysis (PCA) revealed correlations between different antioxidant assays and minerals, and furthermore, confirmed the botanical authentication of the honeys based on the studied parameters. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first to provide a complex analysis of quality parameters of eight unifloral Hungarian honeys.

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The influence of honey enrichment with bee pollen or bee bread on the content of selected mineral components in multifloral honey

Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.5219/1329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 874-880

Author(s):

Celina Habryka ◽

Robert Socha ◽

Lesław Juszczak

Keyword(s):

Mineral Content ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Atomic Spectrometry ◽

Bee Pollen ◽

Fe Content ◽

Zn Content ◽

Bee Bread ◽

Mineral Components ◽

Iron And Zinc ◽

Multifloral Honey

Bee products, such as honey, pollen, and bee bread, are an excellent source of bioactive ingredients, including minerals, having a health-supporting effect. However, due to the specific sensory properties of bee pollen and bee bread, the best way to include them in a diet is to add them to honey. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to evaluate the influence of the added bee pollen or bee bread on selected minerals content in multifloral honey. The mineral content was analyzed using absorption atomic spectrometry (FAAS) with prior dry mineralization. On the basis of obtained results, it was found that the addition of bee pollen or bee bread to honey significantly influences the content of selected macro- and microelements, excluding sodium. The greatest increase in mineral content was observed for magnesium, iron, and zinc. Enrichment of honey with the highest dose of bee pollen or bee bread resulted in an over 20-fold increase in the Mg and Fe content, and an over 14-fold increase in the Zn content. Honey enriched with the maximum addition of bee pollen was characterized by a higher content of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Cu compared to honey with bee bread. Due to a fact that both bee pollen and bee bread are good sources of minerals, their addition to honey significantly increases its ability to cover daily demand for macro- and microelements.

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Raspberry, Rape, Thyme, Sunflower and Mint Honeys Authentication Using Voltammetric Tongue

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20092565 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 2565 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Daniela Pauliuc ◽

Florina Dranca ◽

Mircea Oroian

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Electronic Tongue ◽

Principal Component ◽

Botanical Origin ◽

Linear Discriminant ◽

Cheap Method ◽

Rapid Characterization ◽

Comparison Of The Results ◽

Melissopalynological Analysis

The aim of this study was to authenticate five types of Romanian honey (raspberry, rape, thyme, sunflower and mint) using a voltammetric tongue (VE tongue) technique. For the electronic tongue system, six electrodes (silver, gold, platinum, glass, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide) were used. The results of the melissopalynological analysis were supplemented by the data obtained with the electronic voltammetric tongue system. The results were interpreted by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In this way, the usefulness of the working electrodes was compared for determining the botanical origin of the honey samples. The electrodes of titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, and silver were more useful, as the results obtained with these electrodes showed that it was achieved a better classification of honey according to its botanical origin. The comparison of the results of the electronic voltammetric tongue technique with those obtained by melissopalynological analysis showed that the technique was able to accurately classify 92.7% of the original grouped cases. The similarity of results confirmed the ability of the electronic voltammetric tongue technique to perform a rapid characterization of honey samples, which complements its advantages of being an easy-to-use and cheap method of analysis.

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Antioxidant Activity as Biomarker of Honey Variety

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules23082069 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 2069 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Małgorzata Dżugan ◽

Monika Tomczyk ◽

Patrycja Sowa ◽

Dorota Grabek-Lejko

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Laboratory Method ◽

Botanical Origin ◽

Hydrophobic Properties ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Simple Method ◽

Phenolics Content ◽

Nectar Flow ◽

Melissopalynological Analysis

Honey variety is commonly defined by beekeepers based on nectar flow availability and the only laboratory method to provide verification is the melissopalynological analysis. Therefore, a quick and simple method for accurate assessment of honey variety is still being researched. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of honey as an indicator of variety through the use of multivariate statistical analysis. Materials for the study consisted of 90 samples of varietal Polish honeys (rape-12, tilia-10, goldenrod-11, dandelion-5, buckwheat-6, multifloral-17, nectar-honeydew-8 and coniferous honeydew-16 and leafy honeydew-5) obtained directly from apiaries. Honeys were investigated in aspect of antioxidant capacity by photochemiluminescence (PCL) methods using standard ACW and ACL kits. As the reference FRAP and DPPH methods were used. The total phenolics content (TPC) was determined through the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The strongest antioxidant activity was found for buckwheat, while the weakest was found for rape honeys regardless of the used method. Results of the used methods were positively correlated (r = 0.42 to 0.94). Analysis conducted by PCL method confirmed that the minor fraction of honey antioxidants exhibits hydrophobic properties. Clear separation of honey varieties using PCA and Clustering method indicate that antioxidant activity can be a useful parameter for determining the botanical origin of honey.

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Characterization of Bioactive Compounds, Mineral Content, and Antioxidant Activity in Bean Varieties Grown with Traditional Methods in Oaxaca, Mexico

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox8010026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Karen Armendáriz-Fernández ◽

Ibeth Herrera-Hernández ◽

Ezequiel Muñoz-Márquez ◽

Esteban Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Physicochemical Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Vulnerable Communities ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Zn Content ◽

The Difference

The aim of the current study is to characterize the bean varieties produced in the State of Oaxaca (Mexico) with the purpose of selecting varieties with the potential of being biofortified with micronutrients. Eleven bean varieties representative of the State of Oaxaca (Mexico) were harvested, the color was characterized and the physicochemical analysis, mineral content, antioxidant capacity, reducing power, and bioactive compounds were determined. Data obtained were subjected to a variance analysis for the difference between the means of the bean varieties studied through the 95% Tukey test. The results obtained show the significant difference was found among the 11 bean varieties harvested in Oaxaca (México). The analysis found five outstanding varieties with a larger quantity of favorable characteristics on the iron, zinc, protein content, antioxidant capacity and reducing power. The outstanding varieties relating Fe and Zn content were Michigan for Fe 67.4 ppm, Sangre de Toro 62.4 ppm, which showed the larger content of antioxidant capacity (82.12%) scavenging activity and Biche for Zn 34.7 ppm. The variety with a larger quantity of protein (26.66%) was Biche bean, followed by the Peruano bean with 24.91% of protein. The variety with larger content of reducing power 0.16% was Blanco Michigan bean. Lastly, it is also remarkable that such outstanding bean varieties are important to include in a biofortification program with micro-nutrients to improve the food safety and the nutrition in vulnerable communities of the urban and rural sector of Oaxaca (Mexico).

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Statistical Analsysis to Evaluate Heavy Metal Pollution in the Air Obatained by Moss Technique in Hanoi and its Surrounding Region

Communications in Physics ◽

10.15625/0868-3166/29/3si/14336 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (3SI) ◽

pp. 411

Author(s):

N. H. Quyet ◽

Le Hong Khiem ◽

V. D. Quan ◽

T. T. T. My ◽

M. V. Frontasieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Metal Pollution ◽

Heavy Metal Pollution ◽

Principal Component ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Five Factors ◽

Heavy Metal Elements ◽

Surrounding Areas ◽

Potential Pollution

The aim of this paper was the application of statistical analysis including principal component analysis to evaluate heavy metal pollution obtained by moss technique in the air of Ha Noi and its surrounding areas and to evaluate potential pollution sources. The concentrations of 33 heavy metal elements in 27 samples of Barbula Indica moss in the investigated region collected in December of 2016 in the investigated area have been examined using multivariate statistical analysis. Five factors explaining 80% of the total variance were identified and their potential sources have been discussed.

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It is better an approximate answer to the right question than the exact answer to the wrong question : the case of the psychometric analysis of the ASQ:SE

10.31234/osf.io/a5tdf ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Luis Anunciacao ◽

janet squires ◽

J. Landeira-Fernandez

Keyword(s):

Internal Structure ◽

Statistical Methods ◽

Principal Component ◽

Psychological Theory ◽

Published Data ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Exact Answer ◽

Wide Range ◽

Ages And Stages Questionnaire ◽

The Right

One of the main activities in psychometrics is to analyze the internal structure of a test. Multivariate statistical methods, including Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are frequently used to do this, but the growth of Network Analysis (NA) places this method as a promising candidate. The results obtained by these methods are of valuable interest, as they not only produce evidence to explore if the test is measuring its intended construct, but also to deal with the substantive theory that motivated the test development. However, these different statistical methods come up with different answers, providing the basis for different analytical and theoretical strategies when one needs to choose a solution. In this study, we took advantage of a large volume of published data (n = 22,331) obtained by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Social-Emotional (ASQ:SE), and formed a subset of 500 children to present and discuss alternative psychometric solutions to its internal structure, and also to its subjacent theory. The analyses were based on a polychoric matrix, the number of factors to retain followed several well-known rules of thumb, and a wide range of exploratory methods was fitted to the data, including EFA, PCA, and NA. The statistical outcomes were divergent, varying from 1 to 6 domains, allowing a flexible interpretation of the results. We argue that the use of statistical methods in the absence of a well-grounded psychological theory has limited applications, despite its appeal. All data and codes are available at https://osf.io/z6gwv/.

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Sensorial, Melissopalynological and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Honey from Babors Kabylia’s Region (Algeria)

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10020225 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 225

Author(s):

Asma Ghorab ◽

María Shantal Rodríguez-Flores ◽

Rifka Nakib ◽

Olga Escuredo ◽

Latifa Haderbache ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sensory Properties ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Chemical Characteristics ◽

Pollen Spectrum ◽

Botanical Origin ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

High Tendency ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Pollen Types

This study aimed to characterize the honeys of Babors Kabylia through sensory, melissopalynological and physico-chemical parameters. Thirty samples of honey produced in this region were collected over a period of two years and analyzed. All the samples presented physico-chemical parameters in conformity with legislation on honey quality, with few exceptions, linked mainly to beekeeping management. The pollen spectrum revealed a great diversity with 96 pollen types. The main pollen types were spontaneous species as Fabaceae (Hedysarum, Trifolium, Genisteae plants), Asteraceae plants, Ericaceae (Erica arborea L.) or Myrtus and Pistacia. The sensory properties of samples showed a high tendency to crystallization, the colors were from white to brown, but most of them had gold color. Smell and odor corresponded mainly to vegetal and fruity families and in taste perceptions besides sweetness highlighted sourness and saltiness notes. Seventeen samples were polyfloral, one was from honeydew and twelve were monofloral from heather, genista plants, sulla, blackberry or Asteraceae. Heather and the honeydew samples showed the darkest color, the highest electrical conductivity and phenol and flavonoid content. A statistical analysis based on the most representative pollen types, sensory properties and some physico-chemical components allowed the differentiation of honey samples in terms of botanical origin.

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Relationships Linking the Colour and Elemental Concentrations of Blossom Honeys with Their Antioxidant Activity: A Chemometric Approach

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11080702 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 702

Author(s):

Monika Kędzierska-Matysek ◽

Anna Teter ◽

Małgorzata Stryjecka ◽

Piotr Skałecki ◽

Piotr Domaradzki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Black Locust ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Principal Component ◽

Botanical Origin ◽

Antioxidant Parameters ◽

Colour Parameters ◽

Hue Angle ◽

Chemometric Approach

The antioxidant activity of honey depends on the botanical origin, which also determines their physicochemical properties. In this study, a multivariate analysis was used to confirm potential relationships between the antioxidant properties and colour parameters, as well as the content of seven elements in five types of artisanal honey (rapeseed, buckwheat, linden, black locust, and multifloral). The type of honey was found to significantly influence most of its physicochemical properties, colour parameters, and the content of potassium, manganese and copper. Antioxidant parameters were shown to be significantly positively correlated with redness and concentrations of copper and manganese, but negatively correlated with the hue angle and lightness. The principal component analysis confirmed that the darkest buckwheat honey had the highest antioxidant activity in combination with its specific colour parameters and content of antioxidant minerals (manganese, copper and zinc). The level of these parameters can be potentially used for the identification of buckwheat honey.

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Characterization of the Volatile Profile of Cultivated and Wild-Type Italian Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Varieties by HS-SPME/GC-MS

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135855 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5855

Author(s):

Samantha Reale ◽

Valter Di Cecco ◽

Francesca Di Donato ◽

Luciano Di Martino ◽

Aurelio Manzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solid Phase ◽

Principal Component ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Volatile Profile ◽

Wild Type ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Clear Differentiation

Celery (Apium graveolens L.) is a vegetable belonging to the Apiaceae family that is widely used for its distinct flavor and contains a variety of bioactive metabolites with healthy properties. Some celery ecotypes cultivated in specific territories of Italy have recently attracted the attention of consumers and scientists because of their peculiar sensorial and nutritional properties. In this work, the volatile profiles of white celery “Sedano Bianco di Sperlonga” Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) ecotype, black celery “Sedano Nero di Torricella Peligna” and wild-type celery were investigated using head-space solid-phase microextraction combined with gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC-MS) and compared to that of the common ribbed celery. Exploratory multivariate statistical analyses were conducted using principal component analysis (PCA) on HS-SPME/GC-MS patterns, separately collected from celery leaves and petioles, to assess similarity/dissimilarity in the flavor composition of the investigated varieties. PCA revealed a clear differentiation of wild-type celery from the cultivated varieties. Among the cultivated varieties, black celery “Sedano Nero di Torricella Peligna” exhibited a significantly different composition in volatile profile in both leaves and petioles compared to the white celery and the prevalent commercial variety. The chemical components of aroma, potentially useful for the classification of celery according to the variety/origin, were identified.

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