scholarly journals Measuring Digital Citizenship: A Comparative Analysis

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Juan Sebastián Fernández-Prados ◽  
Antonia Lozano-Díaz ◽  
Alexandra Ainz-Galende
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Digital Citizenship ◽  
Measuring Instrument ◽  
Online Activism ◽  
Diachronic Analysis ◽  
Scales Of Measurement ◽  
Definition Of

This paper aims at showing a state of the art about digital citizenship from the methodological point of view when it comes to measuring this construct. The review of the scientific literature offers at least ten definitions and nine different scales of measurement. The comparative and diachronic analysis of the content of the definitions shows us two conceptions of digital citizenship, some more focused on digital competences and others on critical and activist aspects. This paper replicates and compares three scales of measurement of digital citizenship selected for their relevance and administered in a sample of 366 university students, to analyze their psychometric properties and the existing coincidences and divergences between the three. The most outstanding conclusion is that not all of them seem to measure the same construct, due to its diversity of dimensions. An online activism dimension needs to be incorporated if digital citizenship is to be measured. There is an urgent need to agree internationally on a definition of digital citizenship with its corresponding dimensions to elaborate a reliable and valid measuring instrument.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Historical Document Analysis and Recognition—A Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Francesco Lombardi ◽  
Simone Marinai
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Documents ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Historical Document ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Novel Applications

Nowadays, deep learning methods are employed in a broad range of research fields. The analysis and recognition of historical documents, as we survey in this work, is not an exception. Our study analyzes the papers published in the last few years on this topic from different perspectives: we first provide a pragmatic definition of historical documents from the point of view of the research in the area, then we look at the various sub-tasks addressed in this research. Guided by these tasks, we go through the different input-output relations that are expected from the used deep learning approaches and therefore we accordingly describe the most used models. We also discuss research datasets published in the field and their applications. This analysis shows that the latest research is a leap forward since it is not the simple use of recently proposed algorithms to previous problems, but novel tasks and novel applications of state of the art methods are now considered. Rather than just providing a conclusive picture of the current research in the topic we lastly suggest some potential future trends that can represent a stimulus for innovative research directions.

scholarly journals DIFFICULTIES IN FORMING A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
pp. 188-193
Author(s):  
TAMAR DOLIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Schematic Model ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Statistical Mechanism ◽  
Definition Of

In scientific literature there is no defining explanation and no relevant theoretical model of knowledge and information. Consequently, the definition of the knowledge economy is very eclectic and vague. As a result of the research, we have presented the definition and the general schematic model of knowledge and information. Knowledge is a product that is hard to define due to its nature, which makes it difficult to determine its value It is natural when it is difficult to determine the value of the knowledge as a product it is actually impossible to commercialize it. There is also no adequate statistical mechanism for assessing the knowledge economy. The issue has been insufficiently studied scientifically both in theoretical and quantitative parameters’ point of view. All these and other factors complicate the formation of a knowledge-based economy in developed countries. As for developing countries, in the best case there are only discussions on these issues.

scholarly journals The Causes of School Dropout: State of the Art

2021 ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
Júlia Angélica de Oliveira Ataíde Ferreira ◽  
Layde Dayelle dos Santos Queiroz ◽  
Ronison Oliveira da Silva ◽  
Márison Luiz Soares ◽  
Daniel Nascimento-e-Silva
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
School Dropout ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of

In the educational context, one of the biggest problems that affect the performance of school institutions is what concerns dropouts. This study aims to describe the state of the art of school dropouts. It considered that the decision of students to interrupt their training itinerary brings adverse effects not only for the subject who evades since the magnitude of this problem causes damage to the whole society. The method used was the conceptual bibliographic submitted by Nascimento-e-Silva (2012; 2020), which consists of four phases: a) definition of research questions; b) data collection; c) organization and analysis of data, and; d) generation of responses. The study inferred that among the causes detected in the consulted literature, there are both causes relevant to the personal scope of students who drop out and the causes related to the education system and how education is organized from an institutional point of view. The conclusion shows that the school institutions need to constantly observe what science produces about dropout, to strengthen themselves in terms of managing and controlling the causes that support the phenomenon of dropping out of school.

Legal regulation of operational and search activities in correctional institutions

2020 ◽  
pp. 140-149
Author(s):  
Кирилл Вячеславович Капустин
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

В статье проводится анализ теоретических положений правового регулирования оперативно-розыскной деятельности и современного состояния нормативного регулирования рассматриваемой деятельности в исправительных учреждениях. На основе сравнительного анализа современной научной литературы по рассматриваемому вопросу автором делается вывод, что исследователи, как правило, отождествляют понятия «правовое регулирование» и «правовая основа» и не уделяют должного внимания правовому регулированию оперативно-розыскной деятельности как процессу, а также формулируется авторское определение «правовое регулирование оперативно-розыскной деятельности». Автор предлагает разделить нормативное регулирование оперативно-розыскной деятельности в исправительных учреждениях на три уровня: конституционный, федеральный, ведомственный и межведомственный. В рамках проведенного исследования были выявлены недостатки ряда правовых норм и предложены пути по их решению. The article analyses both the theoretical provisions of the legal regulation of operational and search activities and the current state of the regulatory regulation of the activities in correctional institutions. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the current scientific literature on the subject, the author concludes that researchers generally identify the concepts of "legal regulation" and "legal basis" and do not pay due attention to the legal regulation of operational-search activities as a process, as well as the author 's definition of "legal regulation of operational-search activities." The author proposes to divide the normative regulation of operational-search activities in correctional institutions into three levels: constitutional; federal; departmental and interdepartmental. The study identified shortcomings in a number of legal norms and suggested ways to address them.

scholarly journals Process of change: states, transitions, and determinants

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 9, Number 1, Special... (Special Issue...) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fenicio ◽  
Yann Laurillau ◽  
Gaëlle Calvary
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The State ◽  
Process Of Change ◽  
Example Analyse

The goal of persuasion is to change the behaviour or the attitude of a person without using any form of coercion (Oinas et al. 2010). In the last ten years, several models, approaches and theories have been developed in the research field of persuasion, producing a copious scientific literature. Different reviews of the state-of-the-art focusing on specific aspects have been proposed. Pindel et al. (Pinder et al. 2018) for example analyse the state of the art under the perspective of the mechanisms that lead to the habit forming. In this work, we report a state-of-the-art review on the key elements of the process of change using the concepts of states, transitions, and determinants to propose a common generic paradigm. We conclude with a discussion about the operationalization of persuasive processes and with a comparative analysis on the reviewed theories. Si le but et les garde-fous éthiques de la persuasion sont aujourd’hui bien compris, la littérature est abondante et les analyses critiques multiples, sans qu’un langage de comparaison n’ait été défini. Cet article propose les concepts d’états, de transitions et de déterminants pour caractériser les travaux de la littérature et ainsi en faciliter la compréhension et la comparaison. L’opérationnalisation de ce cadre ouvre des perspectives intéressantes au domaine.

Femicide: The Notion, Theories, and Challenges for Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Bandelli ◽  
Consuelo Corradi
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Empirical Level ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Predicting Factor

Since the 1990’s, the notion of femicide has disseminated in civil society, the media, policy making, and scientific literature and has helped movements to draw attention to violence against women. The notion was coined to reveal the sexual politics of the murder of women and call militants to action. Today, it is increasingly used with the meaning of killing a woman because she is a woman, emphasizing gender and misogyny as the main motives. Femicide as well as the consequences of its application in diverse research areas are explored from a historical, legal, international, and activist point of view. The political thrust of the notion has proven to be useful in raising awareness on the emergency of the problem. However, the notion becomes unclear when it is used as a heuristic tool because (a) there is more than one interpretation about which types of homicide should be included and which fall beyond the definition of femicide and (b) the gender identity of the victim is not the only or the central motive of the homicide—both caveats pose problems to quantitative data collection and comparison. Available literature on homicide, family, and intimate partner violence offers a complex picture on why men kill women: explanations include diverse and interrelated factors pertaining to individual characteristics of perpetrators and victim, their relational history, and the influence of sociocultural environment, including a culture of male superiority and control. In addition, scientific literature has suggested that the importance of gender equality variables as a predicting factor for intimate partner violence should not be taken for granted, but it should be tested at the empirical level. Accurate options are suggested that yield robust and comparable empirical data for the advancement of knowledge and prevention.

Comparative Analysis For The Implementation Of The Concept: Lifelong Learning In Places Like France, Germany, Finland, Romania

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 573-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Tuşa ◽  
Claudiu Sorin Voinia ◽  
Dănuţ Dumitru Dumitraşcu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Lifelong Learning ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
True Value ◽  
Strategic Cooperation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Training Professional ◽  
And Training ◽  
Learning Concept ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractThe paper includes a comparative analysis in terms of lifelong learning in countries like France, Germany, Finland and Romania. The objectives: Update on the definition of each star on lifelong learning concept; Comparison strategies associated with lifelong learning for the countries analyzed; Tracking the contribution of different levels of educational system in terms of lifelong learning. The research was based on studying scientific literature from the country and abroad and it was based on questionnaires distributed. The results of investigation showed that success is related to the projects in terms of institutions, local projects and the project of the entire state that must ensure quality education. After implementing the research, conclusions are that the exchange of information between countries is needed, exchange of experience should head the true value, strategic cooperation should increase and innovation in lifelong learning through study visits for Education and training professional.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF REGIONAL POLICY

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Т. Paniyaz ◽  
◽  
K.D. Zhanpeisova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Regional Policies ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Any policy consists of goals and objectives set by the private interests of the population, methods, means of protection of interests, public-state institutions. It is difficult to form a single point of view on the regions with respect to significant differences in climatic, geographical, socio-economic, political and ethnic and other features in the territory of large states. The article provides a comparative analysis of the theoretical aspects of the content of regional policy, as well as the current regional policy, theoretical and methodological foundations and consequences for the development and implementation of regional policies, processes of formation and theory of regional policy. The definition of the concept and significance of regional policy is considered from the point of view of different researchers. The content of the main goals, directions and methods of regional policy for the current period is disclosed. Forms conclusions and proposals to improve the effectiveness of regional policy as a whole.

Integrated corporate security: The definition, key constituents

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-295
Author(s):  
Tat'yana G. SHESHUKOVA ◽  
Aliya R. TEIMUROVA
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Security Mechanism ◽  
Successful Performance ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

Subject. Operating in the market economy, a business entity is the main business driver. Its adequate security contributes to the successful performance of a country as a whole. Therefore, there still should be a concept for the integrated corporate security in the current circumstances of globalization. Objectives. The study analyzes and formulates our own definition of the integrated corporate security and describes its constituents. Methods. The study involves methods of logic, expert and comparative analysis. Results. We analyzed various approaches to defining the economic security, produced our own definition of the integrated security. The integrated corporate security mechanism was found to be a must given global challenges people face all over the world. Conclusions and Relevance. The integrated corporate security theory has transformed in the current circumstances. Corporate security is of comprehensive, cross-disciplinary nature, this hampering the overall research into the issue. However, it is necessary not only to define and examine the concept from a point of view, but do the same with its constituents.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of the concepts of "dysontogenesis, developmental disorder, developmental disorder"

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Наталья Николаевна Шельшакова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Child Development ◽  
Developmental Disorder ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Interdisciplinary Work ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

В статье проводится анализ понятий «дизонтогенез», «нарушение развития», «расстройство развития», описываются факторы нарушений. Проведен анализ научных источников, описывающих данные виды отклонений в развитии. Сделан акцент на необходимости понимания индивидуальных норм развития ребенка. Описываются результаты деятельности междисциплинарной работы специалистов. В научной литературе нет четкого разграничения в определении понятий дигонтогенез, расстройство развития, нарушение развития, эти понятия дополняют друг друга и тесным образом переплетаются при описании различных нарушений, однако эти термины имеют существенные отличия и не являются синонимами. Часто среди ученых мы слышим расхожую фразу «в настоящее время растет число детей с различными отклонениями в развитии». Однако, при этом сложно дать определение понятию «отклонение развития», так как термин «развитие предполагает установление качественных и количественных изменений психики в необозначенный промежуток времени». The article analyzes the concepts of "dysontogenesis", "developmental disorder", "developmental disorder", describes the factors of disorders. The analysis of scientific sources describing these types of deviations in development is carried out. The emphasis is placed on the need to understand the individual norms of child development. The results of the interdisciplinary work of specialists are described. In the scientific literature, there is no clear distinction in the definition of the concepts of digontogenesis, developmental disorder, developmental disorder, these concepts complement each other and are closely intertwined when describing various disorders, but these terms have significant differences and are not synonyms. We often hear the popular phrase among scientists: "currently, the number of children with various developmental disabilities is growing." However, it is difficult to define the concept of "developmental deviation", since the term "development implies the establishment of qualitative and quantitative changes in the psyche in an unspecified period of time".

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