Interaction between Subjective Memory Decline and Depression Symptom Intensity in Older People. Results of the Second Wave of Cognition of Older People, Education, Recreational Activities, Nutrition, Comorbidities, and Functional Capacity Studies (COPERNICUS)

Background: Prevalence of subjective memory impairment (SMC), with or without objective memory impairment, and the mediating role of depression symptom intensity was examined in older people. Methods: n = 205 subjects (60 years old and older) were examined and followed up at two years. Cognitive function was examined using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Delayed Recall (DR) subtest. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used as a screening tool for depression. Statistical analysis was performed using linear mixed models. Results: A total of 144 subjects (70.24%) had SMC. MoCA Delayed Recall scores were not significantly changed in relation to time and SMC. Dynamics of SMC significantly influenced changes in GDS score (p = 0.008). Conclusions: SMC and objective memory impairment do not fully overlap each other. Subjects without SMC for longer than two years noted less intensity of depression symptoms in comparison to subgroup with SMC. However, occurrence of SMC in subjects who were previously free of SMC, was not related to increase in depression symptom intensity.

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Subjective Memory Complaint and Depressive Symptoms among Older Adults in Portugal

Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research ◽

10.1155/2015/296581 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Mónica Sousa ◽

Anabela Pereira ◽

Rui Costa

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Old Adults ◽

Lower Education Level ◽

Mini Mental Status Examination

Background. Older adults report subjective memory complaints (SMCs) but whether these are related to depression remains controversial. In this study we investigated the relationship between the SMCs and depression and their predictors in a sample of old adults.Methods. This cross-sectional study enrolled 620 participants aged 55 to 96 years (74.04 ± 10.41). Outcome measures included a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire, a SMC scale (QSM), a Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), and a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).Results. The QSM mean total score for the main results suggests that SMCs are higher in old adults with depressed symptoms, comparatively to nondepressed old adults. The GDS scores were positively associated with QSM but negatively associated with education, MMSE, and MoCA. GDS scores predicted almost 63.4% of variance. Scores on QSM and MoCA are significantly predicted by depression symptomatology.Conclusion. Depression symptoms, lower education level, and older age may be crucial to the comprehension of SMCs. The present study suggested that depression might play a role in the SMCs of the older adults and its treatment should be considered.

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A network approach on the relation between apathy and depression symptoms with dementia and functional disability

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610218002387 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 31 (11) ◽

pp. 1655-1663 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lennard L. van Wanrooij ◽

Denny Borsboom ◽

Eric P. Moll van Charante ◽

Edo Richard ◽

Willem A. van Gool

Keyword(s):

Network Analysis ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Future Research ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Dementia Risk ◽

Strongly Connected ◽

Sum Scores

ABSTRACTBackground:Studies on the association between depression and dementia risk mostly use sum scores on depression questionnaires to model symptomatology severity. Since individual items may contribute differently to this association, this approach has limited validity.Methods:We used network analysis to investigate the functioning of individual Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) items, of which, based on studies that used factor analysis, 3 are generally considered to measure apathy (GDS-3A) and 12 depression (GDS-12D). Functional disability and future dementia were also included in our analysis. Data were extracted from 3229 participants of the Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular care trial (preDIVA), analyzed as a single cohort, yielding 20,542 person-years of observation. We estimated a sparse network by only including connections between variables that could not be accounted for by variance in other variables. For this, we used a repeated L1 regularized regression procedure.Results:This procedure resulted in a selection of 59/136 possible connections. GDS-3A items were strongly connected to each other and with varying strength to several GDS-12D items. Functional disability was connected to all three GDS-3A items and the GDS-12D items “helplessness” and “worthlessness”. Future dementia was only connected to the GDS-12D item “memory problems”, which was in turn connected to the GDS-12D items “unhappiness” and “helplessness” and all three GDS-3A items.Conclusion:Network analysis reveals interesting relationships between GDS items, functional disability and dementia risk. We discuss what implications our results may have for (future) research on the associations between depression and/or apathy with dementia.

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Late contributions of repetitive head impacts and TBI to depression symptoms and cognition

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000010040 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 (7) ◽

pp. e793-e804 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Michael L. Alosco ◽

Yorghos Tripodis ◽

Zachary H. Baucom ◽

Jesse Mez ◽

Thor D. Stein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Later Life ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Neurocognitive Performance ◽

Contact Sport ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Head Impacts ◽

Repetitive Head Impacts ◽

History Of

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that repetitive head impacts (RHIs), like those from contact sport play and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have long-term neuropsychiatric and cognitive consequences, we compared middle-age and older adult participants who reported a history of RHI and/or TBI with those without this history on measures of depression and cognition.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 13,323 individuals (mean age, 61.95; 72.5% female) from the Brain Health Registry who completed online assessments, including the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the CogState Brief Battery and Lumos Labs NeuroCognitive Performance Tests. Inverse propensity-weighted linear regressions accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education tested the effects of RHI and TBI compared to a non-RHI/TBI group.ResultsA total of 725 participants reported RHI exposure (mostly contact sport play and abuse) and 7,277 reported TBI (n = 2,604 with loss of consciousness [LOC]). RHI (β, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.36–2.12), TBI without LOC (β, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.31–0.54), and TBI with LOC (β, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59–0.91) corresponded to higher GDS-15 scores. While TBI with LOC had the most neuropsychological associations, TBI without LOC had a negative effect on CogState Identification (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.001–0.01) and CogState One Back Test (β, 0.004; 95% CI, 0.0002–0.01). RHI predicted worse CogState One Back Test scores (β, 0.02; 95% CI, −0.01 to 0.05). There were RHI × TBI interaction effects on several neuropsychological subtests, and participants who had a history of both RHI and TBI with LOC had the greatest depression symptoms and worse cognition.ConclusionsRHI and TBI independently contributed to worse mid- to later-life neuropsychiatric and cognitive functioning.

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A Psychometric Properties Evaluation of the Italian Version of the Geriatric Depression Scale

Depression Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2018/1797536 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Giovanni Galeoto ◽

Julita Sansoni ◽

Michela Scuccimarri ◽

Valentina Bruni ◽

Rita De Santis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Italian Population ◽

Geriatric Depression ◽

Italian Version ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objective. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is an evaluation tool to diagnose older adult’s depression. This questionnaire was defined by Yesavage and Brink in 1982; it was designed expressly for the older person and defines his/her degree of satisfaction, quality of life, and feelings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-IT). Methods. The Italian version of the Geriatric Depression Scale was administered to 119 people (79 people with a depression diagnosis and 40 healthy ones). We examined the following psychometric characteristics: internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and construct validity (factor structure). Results. Cronbach’s Alpha for the GDS-IT administered to the depressed sample was 0.84. Test-retest reliability was 0.91 and the concurrent validity was 0.83. The factorial analysis showed a structure of 5 factors, and the scale cut-off is between 10 and 11. Conclusion. The GDS-IT proved to be a reliable and valid questionnaire for the evaluation of depression in an Italian population. In the present study, the GDS-IT showed good psychometric properties. Health professionals now have an assessment tool for the evaluation of depression symptoms in the Italian population.

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Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Patients with a Post Stroke Depression from the Municipality of Tetovo, Republic of Macedonia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2018.201 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 782-785 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Danijela Vojtikiv-Samoilovska ◽

Anita Arsovska

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Occupational Status ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Republic Of Macedonia ◽

Significant Dependence ◽

Post Stroke Depression

BACKGROUND: Although post-stroke depression (PSD) is the most common neuro-psychiatric consequence after a stroke there is still some obscurity regarding its aetiology and risk factors, which complicates its management. A better knowledge of the predictors will enable better prevention and treatment.AIM: The aim of this work was the identification of the risk factors for PSD, typical for the Macedonian population, which will help in early prediction, timely diagnosis and treatment of the disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a prospective study at the Clinical Hospital in Tetovo, the Republic of Macedonia to determine the prevalence of PSD and to analyse the socio-demographic characteristics as possible risk factors in 100 patients on discharge and after 5 months. The depression symptoms were quantified using the Hamilton Depression Ranking Scale (HAM-d) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS).RESULTS: The average age of the patients with PSD on the first examination is 65.0 ± 8.3, whereas on the second examination is 64.5 ± 9.2. According to the Mann-Whitney U test, the difference between the average ages on both examinations is statistically insignificant for p > 0.05. On both examinations, the statistically significant dependence of p > 0.05 between PSD and the occupational status and PSD and education is not recorded. On both examinations, the PSD in male patients was 78.0% and 62.7%, while in female patients it was 85.4% and 68.3% not recording the statistically significant dependence of p < 0.05 between PSD and the gender.CONCLUSION: The socio-demographic characteristics of the patients with PSD cannot be considered as predictors of the disease.

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MALNUTRITION IN OLDER ADULTS AND ITS CORRELATES WITH ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION

SOCIETY INTEGRATION EDUCATION Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference ◽

10.17770/sie2020vol6.5120 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Liāna Deklāva ◽

Lolita Vilka ◽

Inga Millere ◽

Olga Fokina

Keyword(s):

Social Care ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

The Elderly ◽

The Body ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Meal Preparation ◽

Loss Of Appetite

Elderly research suggests inappropriate food intake as a one of the health issue. Malnutrition may have an undesirable effect on the health of the body. Elderly people are most at risk because they are often the result of loss of appetite, difficulties with daily shopping, meal preparation, somatic disorders and mental disorders such as depression. The purpose of the study was to investigate malnutrition among the elderly who are staying in social care institutions and to assess its association with anxiety and depression. The data from the study were obtained using the Universal Malnutrition Screening, Geriatric Alert Scale and the Geriatric Depression Scale as tools. Overall, 102 respondents from two social care institutions participated in the study. The majority were women 64.7% (35.3% were male). Respondents ranged in age from 65 to 91 years. There were 27.44% of participants with malnutrition risk and 45.10% with signs of anxiety. Depression symptoms were detected 60.78% of respondents. Within the research sample, a statistically significant relationship between malnutrition and depression was found (r = 0.302, p< 0.01). Prevention of malnutrition and the early detection of depression among seniors will contribute to the improvement of the quality of their life and quality of health care.

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The association between vascular factors and subjective memory impairment in older people: The HUNT Study, Norway

Norsk Epidemiologi ◽

10.5324/nje.v22i2.1568 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ellen Melbye Langballe ◽

Kristian Tambs ◽

Ingvild Saltvedt ◽

Kristian Midthjell ◽

Jostein Holmen

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Older People ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Memory Impairment ◽

Subjective Memory ◽

High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Subjective Memory Impairment ◽

High Exercise Intensity

Objectives: Subjective memory impairment (SMI) is often considered an early sign of dementia. This study investigates the relationship between SMI and dementia-related vascular factors in older people.Method: This study was based on data from 12,255 individuals, 65 years and older, participating in the Nord-Trøndelag health study, third survey 2006-08 (HUNT3). SMI, vascular diseases, exercise, smoking, and alcohol consumption were self-reported. Blood pressure, cholesterol and body mass index (BMI) were clinically measured. SMI were predicted using linear regression analysis.Results: Stroke and heart disease were associated with SMI. High exercise intensity was associated with less SMI. Respondents with high systolic blood pressure (SBP) reported less SMI than those with moderate SBP. In men, low SBP was associated with significantly more SMI compared to those with moderate SBP. In women, moderate alcohol consumption compared to low alcohol consumption was associated with significantly more SMI.Conclusion: SMI was positively associated with stroke and heart disease in this study. For the other investigated vascular factors, we did not find strong relationships with SMI. However, for preventive and treatment purposes, it is noteworthy that high exercise intensity and high systolic blood pressure was associated with less SMI in both genders.

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Anxiety and depression symptoms in Danish patients with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator: prevalence and association with indication and sex up to 2 years of follow-up (data from the national DEFIB-WOMEN study)

EP Europace ◽

10.1093/europace/euaa176 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (12) ◽

pp. 1830-1840

Author(s):

Vivi Skibdal Frydensberg ◽

Jens Brock Johansen ◽

Sören Möller ◽

Sam Riahi ◽

Sonja Wehberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Icd Implantation ◽

Cardioverter Defibrillator ◽

Time Points ◽

Mixed Modelling

Abstract Aims To investigate (i) the prevalence of anxiety and depression and (ii) the association between indication for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation and sex in relation to anxiety and depression up to 24 months’ follow-up. Methods and results Patients with a first-time ICD, participating in the national, multi-centre, prospective DEFIB-WOMEN study (n = 1496; 18% women) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months. Data were analysed using linear mixed modelling for longitudinal data. Patients with a secondary prophylactic indication (SPI) had higher mean anxiety scores than patients with a primary prophylactic indication (PPI) at baseline, 3, and 12 months and higher mean depression scores at all-time points, except at 24 months. Women had higher mean anxiety scores as compared to men at all-time points; however, only higher mean depression scores at baseline. Overall, women with SPI had higher anxiety and depression symptom scores than men with SPI. Symptoms decreased over time in both women and men. From baseline to follow-up, the prevalence of anxiety (score ≥8) was highest in patients with SPI (13.3–20.2%) as compared to patients with PPI (range 10.0–14.7%). The prevalence of depression was stable over the follow-up period in both groups (range 8.5–11.1%). Conclusion Patients with a SPI reported higher anxiety and depression scores as compared to patients with PPI. Women reported higher anxiety scores than men, but only higher depression scores at baseline. Women with SPI reported the highest anxiety and depression scores overall.

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Activity patterns related to depression symptoms in stressed dementia caregivers

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610219001601 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephen F. Smagula ◽

Brant P. Hasler ◽

Richard Schulz ◽

Jessica L. Graves ◽

Charles F. Reynolds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activity Patterns ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptom ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Dementia Caregivers ◽

Activity Restriction ◽

Measured Activity ◽

Patient Health

Abstract Objectives: Self-reported activity restriction is an established correlate of depression in dementia caregivers (dCGs). It is plausible that the daily distribution of objectively measured activity is also altered in dCGs with depression symptoms; if so, such activity characteristics could provide a passively measurable marker of depression or specific times to target preventive interventions. We therefore investigated how levels of activity throughout the day differed in dCGs with and without depression symptoms, then tested whether any such differences predicted changes in symptoms 6 months later. Design, setting, participants, and measurements: We examined 56 dCGs (mean age = 71, standard deviation (SD) = 6.7; 68% female) and used clustering to identify subgroups which had distinct depression symptom levels, leveraging baseline Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression Scale–Revised Edition and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) measures, as well as a PHQ-9 score from 6 months later. Using wrist activity (mean recording length = 12.9 days, minimum = 6 days), we calculated average hourly activity levels and then assessed when activity levels relate to depression symptoms and changes in symptoms 6 months later. Results: Clustering identified subgroups characterized by: (1) no/minimal symptoms (36%) and (2) depression symptoms (64%). After multiple comparison correction, the group of dCGs with depression symptoms was less active from 8 to 10 AM (Cohen’s d ≤ −0.9). These morning activity levels predicted the degree of symptom change on the PHQ-9 6 months later (per SD unit β = −0.8, 95% confidence interval: −1.6, −0.1, p = 0.03) independent of self-reported activity restriction and other key factors. Conclusions: These novel findings suggest that morning activity may protect dCGs from depression symptoms. Future studies should test whether helping dCGs get active in the morning influences the other features of depression in this population (i.e. insomnia, intrusive thoughts, and perceived activity restriction).

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A-13 The Association of Specific Depression Factors and Cognitive Performance in Older Adults

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acab062.31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 1053-1054

Author(s):

Allison Nash ◽

Raquel Rosenberg ◽

Jessica Paxton

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Executive Function ◽

Executive Functioning ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Factor Model ◽

Community Sample ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Depression Symptoms

Abstract Objective This study investigated whether particular dimensions of depression measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) predicted memory and executive function performance in older adults. We hypothesized that the worry dimension would significantly predict both memory and executive function scores given findings from previous studies (De Vito et al., 2017). Method Participants included 534 individuals ages 50 through 85 (M = 63) from the Nathan Kline Institute’s Rockland community sample. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) was used to assess memory and the Tower Test subtest of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) assessed executive functioning. To assess different dimensions of depression, we computed variables for six dimensions of the GDS using the factor model validated by Adams et al. (2004). Results Regression analyses revealed that, controlling for age, none of the GDS factors significantly accounted for performances on RAVLT short or long delayed recall tests. The worry factor significantly predicted RAVLT Learning Trial 1 scores (β = −0.28, p < 0.05). Worry (β = −0.16, p < 0.05) and agitation (β = −0.18, p < 0.05) were the strongest predictors of total achievement scores on D-KEFS Tower Test. Conclusion These findings represent a deviation from expectations that depression symptoms would predict short and long-delay memory performances in an aging population. The particular role of worry in our other variables augments De Vito et al.’s (2017) findings, as we found that worry predicted short-term memory and executive functioning. These results demonstrate the importance of addressing worry symptoms in older adults for healthy executive functioning.

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