scholarly journals Change in the Level of Agricultural Development in the Context of Public Institutions’ Activities—A Case Study of the NASC Activities in Poland

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Marek Ogryzek ◽  
Krzysztof Rząsa ◽  
Ryszard Źróbek
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Administrative Division ◽  
Taxonomic Approach

Agricultural development is determined by various factors, such as environmental, economic, demographic, or social circumstances. In order to present the level of this development as com-prehensively as possible, a multidimensional analysis should be carried out with an appropriate methodology. In this article, a taxonomic approach known as the Hellwig’s method was used to determine the level of agricultural development. The area of research was the territory of Poland, divided into voivodships, which are the main units of the administrative division of the country. The development of agriculture thus determined was correlated with activities pursued by the National Agricultural Support Centre (NASC), an institution responsible for the management of agricultural real estate owned by the State Treasury in Poland. The results showed that the NASC’s activities are related to the level of agricultural development in every voivodship. The investigated model of rural space management was shown to be a rational one, performing well in today’s market conditions. The proposed methodology could adapt to similar situations and can be used in similar research on rural areas.

scholarly journals Demand Responsive Transport Service of ‘Dead-End Villages’ in Interurban Traffic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3820
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
János Tóth ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Transport Service ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Trip Distance ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Public Transport Service

Providing a sustainable public transport service for areas with several small villages or hamlets is a challenge for the whole of Europe. To serve ‘dead-end villages’, vehicles must make a to-and-fro detour to each village, which requires considerable performance from the operator, and the service must also be ordered from the responsible bodies. The number of inhabitants in rural areas is constantly decreasing, and the remaining residents are aging. This process is due to the fact that economically active people in the country tend to move into towns offering jobs and public institutions instead of commuting to work. The performance requirement of serving low transport demand areas like ‘dead-end villages’ is high, while the number of passengers is very low. Furthermore, passengers are economically less active, and thus their transport must largely be subsidized. The present study hypothesizes that replacing traditional public transport with demand responsive transport (DRT) can make the service of rural areas with less public transport service and low demand sustainable. To prove this hypothesis, a generally applicable, innovative method of analysis based on performance–allocation is introduced, and the application of this method is illustrated by a case study conducted in northeastern Hungary. The number of ‘dead-end villages’ is high in the surveyed area; consequently, the results are impressive. The mathematical model applied here uses several parameters (e.g., population, traffic surveys, trip distance, operational costs), thus the analysis is highly complex.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF FARMER’S FARMS: CASE STUDY OF LITHUANIA

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita ZALECKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Significant Factors

Due to historical circumstances, the development of Lithuanian commercial farmer’s farms is slow; however, farmer’s farms are very important to the vitality of rural areas while developing agricultural commodities and goods. The purpose of this article – to analyze the structural changes in farmer’s farms and present the directions of future development. Structural changes in Lithuanian farmer’s farms during the 2005 – 2015 timeframe were analyzed while looking at the diagnostic indicators, which are the following: the number of farmer’s farms, the structure of farmer’s farms according to their size, the activity units of farmer’s farms, age of farmers, farmer’s farms sources of income. In order to study the statistical data, methods of systemization, logical analysis and generalization were applied. The analysis of the statistical data suggests that the following structural changes are taking place in Lithuanian farmer’s farms: the number of registered farmer’s farms increases and the farmers’ are getting younger. One of the most significant factors causing the structural changes in holdings – the EU financial support for the agricultural development and the changing customer demands. More and more often rural areas perform residential function and new living areas are developed. There is a predominance of the small farms (up to 10 hectares). This is mainly a result of the reform in agricultural sector at the end of 20th century. Many small agricultural holdings were established due to this reform. However, significant changes occur while choosing and/or combining the activity units of the farm: the number of farms specializing in crops increases, the number of the holdings focusing on livestock and combined farming (crops and livestock) is declining; also, farmer’s farms with diversified income or the activity units grow in number. Limited opportunities to intensify agricultural production in small farmer’s farms caused the fact that activities or income were diversified. The model of family farm remains; however, the relation between activity and the usage of family’s labour in farm activity changes.

scholarly journals Crisis, and the Impacts of Crisis, on the Inhabitants of Rural Space: The Case of a Village in North West Portugal

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (79) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Carlos Silva ◽  
Antonio Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Rural People ◽  
North West ◽  
Development Models ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Liberal Perspective ◽  
External Reasons

<p>In 2011, Portugal, suffering the impact of the 2008 crisis, both for internal and external reasons, requested financial assistance from the <em>Troika</em> (IMF/ECB/EU). The Portuguese experienced company bankruptcies, cuts to salaries and pensions, rising unemployment and job insecurity and difficulties in paying their mortgages. Despite severe austerity programs and formal exit of the <em>Troika</em>, Portugal failed to reduce public debt. In this article, after giving a brief overview of development models, we will focus our attention on the impacts of the crisis in rural areas and the diverse perceptions of crisis by different groups and families. As a case study, we will consider the strategies employed by residents of a parish in the municipality of Barcelos (Braga, Minho), to reduce the damage caused by the crisis. Against the mainstream liberal perspective and the traditional Marxist thesis we sustain that rural people adopt an attitude of resiliency in relation to the austerity program and on the basis of empirical qualitative research methods we can witness creative familial strategies to survive: migration, exploiting the potentialities of the land, taking advantage of artisanal and commercial opportunities in order to cope with the difficulties caused by the crisis.     </p>

scholarly journals Sustainable Agricultural Development in the Coal Mining Region: Specific Characteristics and Conditions (a Case Study in the Kemerovo Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. 04012
Author(s):  
Elmira Lubkova ◽  
Anna Shilova ◽  
Maria Kumaneeva ◽  
Vladimir Mischenko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Agricultural development is an essential condition for the balanced socio-economic development of any region. The level of development in the agricultural sector impacts food security of the population in the given region, while the quality of agricultural output and the price level affects the standard and the quality of living of the population. The link between the level of agricultural development and socio-economic development of rural areas is important. On the one hand, well-developed agriculture preserves rural areas, contributes to job creation in rural areas and helps develop social rural infrastructure. On the other hand, human capacity of agriculture depends on the socio-economic development of rural areas. There are significant variations in agriculture among different regions. Industrial regions often have unfavourable conditions and factors for agricultural development, which is especially evident in mining areas with a specific demographic situation, unfavourable environmental conditions, low interest of business in the development of agriculture. This article uses a case study of the Kemerovo region–Kuzbass to analyze the peculiarities of agricultural development in the coal mining area. The article gives the basic indicators characterizing agricultural development, assesses the adverse limiting factors for agricultural development, assesses the implementation of agricultural functions in the industrial region and highlights the main prospects for agricultural development in the Kemerovo region–Kuzbass.

scholarly journals Agriculture in the function of rural development: Case study from Republic of Serbia and Republic of Srpska

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-476
Author(s):  
Mirjana Delić-Jović ◽  
Tamara Gajić ◽  
Biljana Rađenović-Kozić
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spss Software

Rural areas in Republic of Serbia and Republic of Srpska, but also in the surrounding countries, are rich in natural resources suitable for agricultural and rural development. The authors of the paper performed a comparative analysis of agricultural development and the possibility of influencing rural development in Serbia and Republic of Srpska. In addition to the available secondary documentation, they used data from FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). The authors conducted a survey in the rural areas of the two countries during 2019, on a total sample of 215 respondents, farm owners. The obtained data were analyzed in the SPSS software, version 23.00. The descriptive statistical analysis gave an insight into the shortcomings of agricultural development, while the paired samples t-test confirmed the hypothesis of the existence of a statistically significant difference in certain categories.

scholarly journals Rural Housing Vacancy in Metropolitan Suburbs and Its Influencing Factors: A Case Study of Nanjing, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3783
Author(s):  
Liyuan Zhao ◽  
Xingping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Rural Housing ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Housing Vacancy

With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, rural housing vacancy (RHV) has become an increasingly universal phenomenon in China, causing many economic and social problems. Despite many studies on RHV, relatively little attention has been paid to distinguishing the types of vacant rural houses as well as RHV in metropolitan suburbs. Drawing upon survey data from 23 sampled villages of the Nanjing metropolitan area in China, this paper differentiates RHV into permanent vacancy and temporary vacancy and analyzes the influences of location, government interventions, and the villages’ characteristics on the two types of RHV. The empirical results show that villages located in inner suburbs and with medium travel time to city centers have higher permanent RHV rates, while those located further away from city centers usually have higher temporary RHV rates. The local government’s restrictive plans and housing construction restrictions do not increase the permanent RHV rate nor temporary RHV rate, whereas supportive plans and financial investment reduce the permanent RHV rate and increase the temporary RHV rate. Permanent RHV rates are relatively lower in villages that are less reliant on agricultural development. Those villages usually have higher sublet rates of farmland, a lower proportion of agriculture laborers, and better development of manufacturing or tourism. However, temporary RHV rates do not differ significantly between agricultural villages and non-agricultural villages. The paper finds an unusual “middle bump” phenomenon of permanent RHV rate and explains it with the law of commuting circles. Some policy implications are put forward to promote the transformation and sustainable development of rural areas in China’s metropolitan suburbs.

scholarly journals The Dilemma of Agricultural Mechanization and the Marginalization of Women Farmworkers in Rural Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuat Edi Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Risk Society ◽  
Human Power ◽  
Agricultural Mechanization ◽  
Agricultural Laborers ◽  
Human Labor ◽  
Promote Gender Equality

Agricultural mechanization is one of the efforts to accelerate agricultural development through technological changes in agriculture. However, mechanization replaced human labor. The development of agricultural equipment and machinery technology (= Alsintan), which produces agricultural processing machines, has created a new role that replaces agricultural laborers' position. Women farmworkers are the most disadvantaged by mechanization. This study used a qualitative research method with a case study in Gadingsari Village, Bantul. This study shows that agricultural mechanization in Gadingsari Village has shifted the working mechanism of agriculture, to cultivate rice fields from human power to Alsintan, such as tractors, grinding machines, and threshing machines. Apart from leaving the traditional agricultural processing system, this change directly affects female agricultural laborers' employment opportunities because machinery has replaced the job and because men operate the majority of Alsintan. Hence, the dilemma: Changes in agricultural technology accelerate agricultural development, but at the same time increasingly marginalize female agricultural laborers. In the concept of a risk society, gender-biased technology places women at risk of modernity. Consequently, reflection on these risks is needed to find ways to accelerate inclusive agricultural development and promote gender equality

Regionalisation of Measures Shaping the Rural Space in Agricultural Producers’ Opinions – a Case Study with Mazowieckie Voivodeship as an Example

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kocur-Bera
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Activities ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Rural Development Programme ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In recent years, the economic situation in rural areas has changed a lot. Poland’s accession to the European Union opened up a lot of possibilities for agricultural farms. Thanks to the implemented Union projects such as the Rural Development Programme 2007–2013 (RDP 2007–2013), the Human Capital Operational Programme 2007–2013 (HCOP 2007–2013), and the Regional Operational Programme for Mazowieckie Voivodeship 2007–2013 (ROP 2007– 2013), local authorities may apply for funding aimed at the improvement of life situation of the rural population. The aim of this paper was to provide an answer to the question: how is the influence of the RDP 2007–2013 and other Union programmes for furnishing agricultural activities perceived by owners of agricultural farms? For the analysis, statements of inhabitants of Krasne, Krzynowłoga Mała, JednoroAec and Czernice Borowe communes, obtained by direct interview using a questionnaire were chosen. The respondents unanimously stated that the Union funds obtained under the PROW 2007–2013 provided a lot of benefits. The financial support obtained for the implementation of furnishing of agricultural activities was assigned for the development of rural areas. Farmers obtained new prospects for development and modernisation of farms, which increased their competitiveness in the market. Today, the previously forgotten rural areas are developed, and ready for changes and new activities. Support for the agricultural sector is of fundamental significance to the economy of the entire country, as thanks to these investment projects Poland is competitive in the market, and the revitalised agricultural areas have become an attractive tourist destination.

scholarly journals Naturbanization and Urban – Rural Dynamics in Spain: Case Study of New Rural Landscapes in Andalusia and Catalonia

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Pallarès-Blanch ◽  
Maria-José Prados Velasco ◽  
Antoni Francesc Tulla Pujol
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Positive Type ◽  
Rural Landscapes ◽  
Rural Space ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Protected Natural Areas

Abstract The early 20th century saw the beginning of a process of urbanizing rural space (Berry, 1976a; 1976b), described as counter-urbanization (Champion, 1989). The creation of Protected Natural Areas (PNAs) has defined some rural spaces, relatively far from large urban metropolitan areas, where the ecological and scenic value is a magnet for urbanization (Prados, 2005). Thus, PNAs make rural areas more attractive to new economic and leisure activities and can promote a more positive type of development that has been called naturbanization (Prados, 2009). We address this topic in six sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Conceptual framework of naturbanization; (3) Methodology to analyse the process of naturbanization; (4) Processes of naturbanization in Andalusia and in Catalonia; (5) Comparative analysis of two case studies, and (6) Conclusions and Recommendations

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