scholarly journals Mechanical Properties and Wear Resistance of Commercial Stainless Steel Used in Dental Instruments

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 827
Author(s):  
Hye-Bin Go ◽  
Jae-Yun Bang ◽  
Kyoung-Nam Kim ◽  
Kwang-Mahn Kim ◽  
Jae-Sung Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultrasonic Scaler ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to investigate the element composition and grain size of commercial dental instruments used for ultrasonic scaler tips, which are composed of stainless-steel materials. The differences in mechanical properties and wear resistances were compared. The samples were classified into 4 groups in accordance with the manufacturer, Electro Medical Systems, 3A MEDES, DMETEC and OSUNG MND, and the element compositions of each stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tip were analyzed with micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μXRF) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). One-way ANOVA showed that there were significant differences in shear strength and Vickers hardness among the stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tips depending on the manufacturer (p < 0.05). The mass before and after wear were found to have no significant difference among groups (p > 0.05), but there was a significant difference in the wear volume loss (p < 0.05). The results were then correlated with μXRF results as well as observations of grain size with optical microscopy, which concluded that the Fe content and the grain size of the stainless steel have significant impacts on strength. Additionally, stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler tips with higher Vickers hardness values showed greater wear resistance, which would be an important wear characteristic for clinicians to check.

Optimization of Strength and Ductility in Ultra-Fine 304 Stainless Steel after Equal-Channel Angular Processing

2010 ◽  
Vol 667-669 ◽  
pp. 937-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.J. Zheng ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Y. Gui ◽  
M. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Equal Channel Angular Processing ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The microstructure and mechanical properties of 304 stainless steel were investigated which was subjected to equal channel angular pressing (ECAP). Tensile strength, elongation, Vickers hardness of as-ECAPed and annealed ECAPed 304 stainless steel were systematically measured and compared and microstructure evolution during ECAP and ECAP+annealing was observed by OM and TEM. It was found that with the increasing of ECAP passes, the grain size of stainless steel was effectively refined to nanoscale, such as about 50 nm after 8 ECAP-passes. In addition, the dislocation density in ECAPed samplel increased greatly, consequently, the tensile strength and hardness of ECAPed 304 stainless steel increased and elongation decreased remarkably. After annealing at 600°C for 10 min，the ductility of ECAPed stainless steel was improved greatly while grains did not have obvious growth, and strength did not change much. The above results showed that the optimization of strength and ductility in ultra-fined 304 stainless steel can be achieved by appropriate ECAP plus annealing processes.

Bending Properties of General Purpose Stainless Steel Wire Formed for Orthodontic Use

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 394-399
Author(s):  
Niwat Anuwongnukroh ◽  
Yosdhorn Chuankrerkkul ◽  
Surachai Dechkunakorn ◽  
Pornkiat Churnjitapirom ◽  
Theeralaksna Suddhasthira
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Stainless Steel Wire ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Bending Properties ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Significant Difference

The archwire is generally used in fixed appliances for orthodontic treatment to correct dental malocclusion. However, it is interesting to know whether general purpose stainless steel wire could replace commercial orthodontic archwire in orthodontic practice for economic reasons. The purpose of this study was to determine the bending properties of general purpose stainless steel wire compared with commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires after forming as an archwire for orthodontic use. The samples used in this study were 90 general purpose and 45 commercial (Highland) round stainless steel wires in 0.016, 0.018, and 0.020 sizes (30 general purpose and 15 commercial wires for each size). All 15 general purpose stainless steel wires with different sizes were formed into orthodontic archwire with a Universal Testing Machine. All samples were tested (three-point bending test) for mechanical properties. The results showed no significant difference between general purpose and commercial orthodontic wires in size 0.016 for 0.1 mm offset bending force, 0.2% yield strength, and springback. Although many mechanical properties of general purpose wires differed from commercial wires, their values conformed to other previous studies within the range of clinical acceptance. In conclusion, orthodontic formed general purpose round stainless steel wires had statistically different (p <0.05) mechanical properties from commercial orthodontic stainless steel wires (Highland) but the mechanical properties were acceptable to use in orthodontic treatment.

scholarly journals Semisolid State Sintering Behavior of Aluminum–Stainless Steel 316L Composite Materials by Powder Metallurgy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwangjae Park ◽  
Dasom Kim ◽  
Kyungju Kim ◽  
Seungchan Cho ◽  
Kenta Takagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Sintering Behavior ◽  
Semisolid State ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
X Ray

Aluminum (Al)-stainless steel 316L (SUS316L) composites were successfully fabricated by the spark plasma sintering process (SPS) using pure Al and SUS316L powders as raw materials. The Al-SUS316L composite powder comprising Al with 50 vol.% of SUS316L was prepared by a ball milling process. Subsequently, it was sintered at 630 °C at a pressure of 200 MPa and held for 5 min in a semisolid state. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that intermetallic compounds such as Al13Fe4 and AlFe3 were created in the Al-SUS316L composite because the Al and SUS316L particles reacted together during the SPS process. The presence of these intermetallic compounds was also confirmed by using XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and EDS mapping. The mechanical hardness of the Al-SUS316L composites was analyzed by a Vickers hardness tester. Surprisingly, the Al-SU316L composite exhibited a Vickers hardness of about 620 HV. It can be concluded that the Al-SUS316L composites fabricated by the SPS process are lightweight and high-hardness materials that could be applied in the engineering industry such as in automobiles, aerospace, and shipbuilding.

Microstructure, Hardness, and Wear Resistance of Powder-Injection-Molded Products of Fe-Based Metamorphic Powders

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 355-358
Author(s):  
Chang Kyu Kim ◽  
Chang Young Son ◽  
Dae Jin Ha ◽  
Tae Sik Yoon ◽  
Sung Hak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Powder Injection Molding ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
Austenitic Matrix ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
Injection Molded

Powder injection molding (PIM) process was applied to Fe-based metamorphic alloy powders, and microstructure, hardness, and wear resistance of the PIM products were analyzed and compared with those of conventional PIM stainless steel products. When Fe-based metamorphic powders were injection-molded and then sintered at 1200 oC, completely densified products with almost no pores were obtained. They contained 34 vol.% of (Cr,Fe)2B borides dispersed in the austenitic matrix without amorphous phases. Since these (Cr,Fe)2B borides were very hard and thermally stable, hardness, and wear resistance of the PIM products of Fe-based metamorphic powders were twice as high as those of conventional PIM stainless steel products. Such property improvement suggested new applicability of the PIM products of Fe-based metamorphic powders to structures and parts requiring excellent mechanical properties.

The Structure and Mechanical Properties of Plastically Consolidated Al-Ni Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Włoch ◽  
Tomasz Skrzekut ◽  
Jakub Sobota ◽  
Antoni Woźnicki ◽  
Justyna Cisoń
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ni Alloy ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Mixed and preliminarily consolidated powders of aluminium and nickel (90 mass % Al and 10 mass % Ni) were hot extruded. As results the rod, 8 mm in diameter, was obtained. As-extruded material was subjected to the microstructural investigations using scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray analysis (XRD). The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) were also performed. The mechanical properties of as extruded material were determined by the tensile test and Vickers hardness measurements. In order to evaluate the thermal stability of PM alloy, samples were annealed at the temperature of 475 and 550 °C. After annealing Vickers hardness measurements and tensile tests were carried out. The plastic consolidation of powders during extrusion was found to be very effective, because no pores or voids were observed in the examined material. The detailed microstructural investigations and XRD analyses did not reveal the presence of the intermetallic phases in the as-extruded material. During annealing, the Al3Ni intermetallic compound was formed as the result of chemical reaction between the alloy components. The hardness of the alloy after annealing at the temperature of 475°C was found to be comparable to the hardness in as-extruded state. Annealing of the material at the temperature of 550°C results in hardness decreasing by about 50%, as the consequence of porosity formation and Al3Ni cracking.

Comparative study of corrosion and corrosion-wear behavior of TiN and CrN coatings on UNS S17400 stainless steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Olia ◽  
Reza Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi ◽  
Fakhreddin Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Iman Ebrahimzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Corrosion Wear ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Compact Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrochemical Tests

AbstractPhysical vapor deposition (PVD) multilayered coatings with titanium nitride and chromium nitride top layers were deposited on UNS S17400 alloy in an attempt to improve the corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance of this stainless steel in corrosive environments. The coatings were produced in an industrial chamber by cathodic arc PVD on heat-treated and mechanically polished stainless steel specimens. The microstructures of the substrates and coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy system. To evaluate the corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance, reciprocating-sliding tribometer and electrochemical tests were conducted in 3.5% NaCl solution. The results showed that nitride coatings possess, in general, better corrosion and corrosion-wear resistance compared with bare S17400 substrates. Specimens with CrN top coating revealed a typical compact structure and superior corrosion resistance compared with substrate and TiN top coating. However, the sliding motion damaged the surface with some microcracks on the coating, which act as the diffusion channels for NaCl solution; both TiN and CrN top coats experienced approximately similar behavior in corrosion-wear open-circuit potential testing.

scholarly journals Influence of Vacuum Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M35 High Speed Steel

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 643
Author(s):  
Chiara Soffritti ◽  
Annalisa Fortini ◽  
Ramona Sola ◽  
Elettra Fabbri ◽  
Mattia Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Plane Strain Fracture Toughness ◽  
Secondary Carbides ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Strain Fracture

Towards the end of the last century, vacuum heat treatment of high speed steels was increasingly used in the fabrication of precision cutting tools. This study investigates the influence of vacuum heat treatments at different pressures of quenching gas on the microstructure and mechanical properties of taps made of M35 high speed steel. Taps were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, apparent grain size and Vickers hardness measurements, and scratch tests. Failure analysis after tapping tests was also performed to determine the main fracture mechanisms. For all taps, the results showed that microstructures and the values of characteristics of secondary carbides, retained austenite, apparent grain size and Vickers hardness were comparable to previously reported ones for vacuum heat treated high speed steels. For taps vacuum heat treated at six bar, the highest plane strain fracture toughness was due to a higher content of finer small secondary carbides. In contrast, the lowest plane strain fracture toughness of taps vacuum heat treated at eight bar may be due to an excessive amount of finer small secondary carbides, which may provide a preferential path for crack propagation. Finally, the predominant fracture mechanism of taps was quasi-cleavage.

Wear Behaviour of Two Different Cemented Carbide Grades in Turning 316 L Stainless Steel

2018 ◽  
Vol 941 ◽  
pp. 2367-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Saketi ◽  
Ulf Bexell ◽  
Jonas Östby ◽  
Mikael Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
Binder Phase ◽  
Mechanical Wear ◽  
Cutting Insert

Cemented carbides are the most common cutting tools for machining various grades of steels. In this study, wear behavior of two different cemented carbide grades with roughly the same fraction of binder phase and carbide phase but different grain size, in turning austenitic stainless steel is investigated. Wear tests were carried out against 316L stainless steel at 180 and 250 m/min cutting speeds.The worn surface of cutting tool is characterized using high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and 3D optical profiler.The wear of cemented carbide in turning stainless steel is controlled by both chemical and mechanical wear. Plastic deformation, grain fracture and chemical wear is observed on flank and rake face of the cutting insert. In the case of fine-grained, the WC grains has higher surface contact with the adhered material which promotes higher chemical reaction and degradation of WC grains, so chemical wear resistance of the composites is larger when WC grains are larger. The hardness of cemented carbide increase linearly by decreasing grain size, therefore mechanical wear resistance of the composites is larger when WC grains are smaller.

Effect of AlN on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy

2011 ◽  
Vol 704-705 ◽  
pp. 1095-1099
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Hao Ran Geng ◽  
Zhen Qing Wang ◽  
Jian Rong Zhu ◽  
Fu Sen Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Cast Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zn Alloy

Effects of AlN addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast Mg-Al-Zn magnesium alloy were investigated using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile testing. Five different samples were made with different amounts of AlN(0wt%, 0.12wt%, 0.30wt%, 0.48wt%, 0. 60wt%). The results show that the phases of as-cast alloy are composed of α-Mg,β-Mg17Al12. The addition of AlN suppressed the precipitation of the β-phase. And, with the increase of AlN content, the microstructure of β-phase was changed from the reticulum to fine grains. When AlN content was up to 0.48wt% in the alloy, the β-phase became most uniform distribution. After adding 0.3wt% AlN to Al-Mg-Zn alloy, the average alloy grain size reduced from 102μm to 35μm ,the tensile strength of alloy was the highest. The average tensile strength increased from 139MPa to 169.91MPa, the hardness increased from 77.7HB to 98.4HB, but the elongation changes indistinctively. However, when more amount of AlN was added, the average alloy grain size did not reduce sequentially and increased to 50μm by adding 0.6wt% AlN and the β-phase became a little more. Keywords: Al-Mg-Zn alloy; AlN; β-Mg17Al12; Tensile strength

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document