scholarly journals Stress Corrosion Analysis and Direct Cell Viability of Biodegradable Zn-Fe-Ca Alloy in In-Vitro Conditions

Metals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Orit Avior ◽  
Noa Ben Ghedalia-Peled ◽  
Tomer Ron ◽  
Jeremy Goldman ◽  
Razi Vago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Biodegradable Implants ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Zn Alloy

Due to the excellent biocompatibility of Zn and Zn-based alloys, researchers have shown great interest in developing biodegradable implants based on zinc. Furthermore, zinc is an essential component of many enzymes and proteins. The human body requires ~15 mg of Zn per day, and there is minimal concern for systemic toxicity from a small zinc-based cardiovascular implant, such as an arterial stent. However, biodegradable Zn-based implants have been shown to provoke local fibrous encapsulation reactions that may isolate the implant from its surrounding environment and interfere with implant function. The development of biodegradable implants made from Zn-Fe-Ca alloy was designed to overcome the problem of fibrous encapsulation. In a previous study made by the authors, the Zn-Fe-Ca system demonstrated a suitable corrosion rate that was higher than that of pure Zn and Zn-Fe alloy. The Zn-Fe-Ca system also showed adequate mechanical properties and a unique microstructure that contained a secondary Ca-reach phase. This has raised the promise that the tested alloy could serve as a biodegradable implant metal. The present study was conducted to further evaluate this promising Zn alloy. Here, we assessed the material’s corrosion performance in terms of cyclic potentiodynamic polarization analysis and stress corrosion behavior in terms of slow strain rate testing (SSRT). We also assessed the ability of cells to survive on the alloy surface by direct cell culture test. The results indicate that the alloy develops pitting corrosion, but not stress corrosion under phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and air environment. The direct cell viability test demonstrates the successful adherence and growth of cells on the alloy surface.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V Alloy for Absorbable Biocompatible Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Christine Schille ◽  
Ernst Schweizer ◽  
Evi Kimmerle-Müller ◽  
Frank Rupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Grain Refining ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Zn Alloy

Zinc (Zn) and Zn-based alloys have been proposed as a new generation of absorbable metals mainly owing to the moderate degradation behavior of zinc between magnesium and iron. Nonetheless, mechanical strength of pure Zn is relatively poor, making it insufficient for the majority of clinical applications. In this study, a novel Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V (wt.%) alloy (Zn–Ag–Au–V) was fabricated and investigated for use as a potential absorbable biocompatible material. Microstructural characterization indicated an effective grain-refining effect on the Zn alloy after a thermomechanical treatment. Compared to pure Zn, the Zn–Ag–Au–V alloy showed significantly enhanced mechanical properties, with a yield strength of 168 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 233 MPa, and an elongation of 17%. Immersion test indicated that the degradation rate of the Zn–Ag–Au–V alloy in Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline was approximately 7.34 ± 0.64 μm/year, thus being slightly lower than that of pure Zn. Biocompatibility tests with L929 and Saos-2 cells showed a moderate cytotoxicity, alloy extracts at 16.7%, and 10% concentration did not affect metabolic activity and cell proliferation. Plaque formation in vitro was reduced, the Zn–Ag–Au–V surface inhibited adhesion and biofilm formation by the early oral colonizer Streptococcus gordonii, indicating antibacterial properties of the alloy.

scholarly journals Stress Corrosion and Corrosion Fatigue of Biodegradable Mg-Zn-Nd-Y-Zr Alloy in In-Vitro Conditions

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 791
Author(s):  
Lilach Elkaiam ◽  
Orly Hakimi ◽  
Eli Aghion
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Fatigue ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Corrosion Susceptibility ◽  
T Phase ◽  
Zn Alloy

Mg alloys are attractive as a structural material for biodegradable implants due to their mechanical properties, biocompatibility and degradation capability in physiological environments. However, their accelerated corrosion degradation, coupled with their inherent sensitivity to stress corrosion, can cause premature failure and consequently loss of mechanical integrity. This study aims to evaluate the potential of a Mg-5% Zn alloy with up to 3% Nd as an implant material in terms of stress corrosion performance in in vitro conditions. Stress corrosion behavior was evaluated under static loading conditions using slow strain rate testing (SSRT) analysis and under low cycle corrosion fatigue (LCCF). Both the SSRT analysis and LCCF testing were carried out in a simulated physiological environment in the form of a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution. The obtained results indicate that the addition of up to 3% Nd to Mg-5% Zn alloy did not have any substantial influence on the stress corrosion susceptibility, beyond the inherent different mechanical properties of the tested alloys. This was attributed to the limited effect of the Nd on the passivation layer and due to the fact that the secondary phases produced by the Nd additions—W-phase (Mg3(Nd,Y)2Zn3) and T-phase (Mg4(Nd,Y)Zn2)—did not create any substantial micro-galvanic effect.

Stew in its Own Juice: Protein Homeostasis Machinery Inhibition Reduces Cell Viability in Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana B. de Oliveira ◽  
Luiz F.G. Sanson ◽  
Angela I.P. Eugenio ◽  
Rebecca S.S. Barbosa-Dantas ◽  
Gisele W.B. Colleoni
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Protein Homeostasis ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Rpmi 8226

Introduction:Multiple myeloma (MM) cells accumulate in the bone marrow and produce enormous quantities of immunoglobulins, causing endoplasmatic reticulum stress and activation of protein handling machinery, such as heat shock protein response, autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR).Methods:We evaluated cell lines viability after treatment with bortezomib (B) in combination with HSP70 (VER-15508) and autophagy (SBI-0206965) or UPR (STF- 083010) inhibitors.Results:For RPMI-8226, after 72 hours of treatment with B+VER+STF or B+VER+SBI, we observed 15% of viable cells, but treatment with B alone was better (90% of cell death). For U266, treatment with B+VER+STF or with B+VER+SBI for 72 hours resulted in 20% of cell viability and both treatments were better than treatment with B alone (40% of cell death). After both triplet combinations, RPMI-8226 and U266 presented the overexpression of XBP-1 UPR protein, suggesting that it is acting as a compensatory mechanism, in an attempt of the cell to handle the otherwise lethal large amount of immunoglobulin overload.Conclusion:Our in vitro results provide additional evidence that combinations of protein homeostasis inhibitors might be explored as treatment options for MM.

MiR-485-5p Promotes Neuron Survival through Mediating Rac1/Notch2 Signaling Pathway after Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Chen ◽  
Sumei Zhang ◽  
Peipei Shi ◽  
Yangli Su ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Small Gtpase ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Pathological Feature ◽  
In Cells

Objective: Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological feature of ischemic stroke. This study investigated the regulatory role of miR-485-5p in I/R injury. Methods: SH-SY5Y cells were induced with oxygen and glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic I/R injury in vitro. Cells were transfected with designated constructs (miR-485- 5p mimics, miR-485-5p inhibitor, lentiviral vectors overexpressing Rac1 or their corresponding controls). Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. The concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species were detected to indicate the degree of oxidative stress. Flow cytometry and caspase-3 activity assay were used for apoptosis assessment. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm that Rac family small GTPase 1 (Rac1) was a downstream gene of miR-485-5p. Results: OGD/R resulted in decreased cell viability, elevated oxidative stress, increased apoptosis, and downregulated miR-485-5p expression in SH-SY5Y cells. MiR-485-5p upregulation alleviated I/R injury, evidenced by improved cell viability, decreased oxidative markers, and reduced apoptotic rate. OGD/R increased the levels of Rac1 and neurogenic locus notch homolog protein 2 (Notch2) signaling-related proteins in cells with normal miR-485-5p expression, whereas miR- 485-5p overexpression successfully suppressed OGD/R-induced upregulation of these proteins. Furthermore, the delivery of vectors overexpressing Rac1 in miR-485-5p mimics-transfected cells reversed the protective effect of miR-485-5p in cells with OGD/R-induced injury. Conclusion: This study showed that miR-485-5p protected cells following I/R injury via targeting Rac1/Notch2 signaling suggest that targeted upregulation of miR-485-5p might be a promising therapeutic option for the protection against I/R injury.

VDAC1 Mediated Anticancer Activity of Gallic Acid in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aikebaier Maimaiti ◽  
Amier Aili ◽  
Hureshitanmu Kuerban ◽  
Xuejun Li
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
The Impact

Aims: Gallic acid (GA) is generally distributed in a variety of plants and foods, and possesses cell growth-inhibiting activities in cancer cell lines. In the present study, the impact of GA on cell viability, apoptosis induction and possible molecular mechanisms in cultured A549 lung carcinoma cells was investigated. Methods: In vitro experiments showed that treating A549 cells with various concentrations of GA inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. In order to understand the mechanism by which GA inhibits cell viability, comparative proteomic analysis was applied. The changed proteins were identified by Western blot and siRNA methods. Results: Two-dimensional electrophoresis revealed changes that occurred to the cells when treated with or without GA. Four up-regulated protein spots were clearly identified as malate dehydrogenase (MDH), voltagedependent, anion-selective channel protein 1(VDAC1), calreticulin (CRT) and brain acid soluble protein 1(BASP1). VDAC1 in A549 cells was reconfirmed by western blot. Transfection with VDAC1 siRNA significantly increased cell viability after the treatment of GA. Further investigation showed that GA down regulated PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. These data strongly suggest that up-regulation of VDAC1 by GA may play an important role in GA-induced, inhibitory effects on A549 cell viability.

Formulation, Characterization and In vitro Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Polymeric Electrospun Nanofibers for the Treatment of Skin Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayatri Patel ◽  
Bindu K.N. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Basal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Basal Cell ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Fractional Factorial

Background: The purpose of this study was to formulate, characterize and conduct in vitro cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil loaded polymeric electrospun nanofibers for the treatment of skin cancer. The patents on electrospun nanofibers (US9393216B2), (US14146252), (WO2015003155A1) etc. helped in the selection of polymers and method for the preparation of nanofibers. Methods: In the present study, the fabrication of nanofibers was done using a blend of chitosan with polyvinyl alcohol and processed using the electrospinning technique. 5-fluorouracil with known chemotherapeutic potential in the treatment of skin cancer was used as a drug carrier. 24-1 fractional factorial screening design was employed to study the effect of independent variables like the concentration of the polymeric solution, applied voltage (kV), distance (cm), flow rate (ml / hr) on dependent variables like % entrapment efficiency and fiber diameter. Results: Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize fiber diameter and morphology. Results showed that the fiber diameter of all batches was found in the range of 100-200 nm. The optimized batch results showed the fiber diameter of 162.7 nm with uniform fibers. The tensile strength obtained was 190±37 Mpa. Further in vitro and ex vivo drug release profile suggested a controlled release mechanism for an extended period of 24 hr. The 5-fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofibers were found to decrease cell viability up to ≥50% over 24 hr, with the number of cells dropping by ~ 10% over 48 hr. As the cell viability was affected by the release of 5-fluorouracil, we believe that electrospun nanofibers are a promising drug delivery system for the treatment of Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) skin cancer. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the possibility of delivering 5-Fluorouracil loaded electrospun nanofiber to skin with enhanced encapsulation efficiency indicating the effectiveness of the formulation for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma type of skin cancer.

In vitro studies of glucose concentrations for Cell viability in normal and cancer cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
MOUNICA RAJU DANTULURI ◽  
ANIMISHA MOKKAPATI ◽  
RADHAKRISHNA NAGUMANTRI ◽  
SATYANARAYANA RENTALA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
In Vitro Studies

scholarly journals Effect of temperature, CO2 and O2 on motility and mobility of Anisakidae larvae

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiyan Guan ◽  
Inge Van Damme ◽  
Frank Devlieghere ◽  
Sarah Gabriël
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Digestion ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractAnisakidae, marine nematodes, are underrecognized fish-borne zoonotic parasites. Studies on factors that could trigger parasites to actively migrate out of the fish are very limited. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of different environmental conditions (temperature, CO2 and O2) on larval motility (in situ movement) and mobility (migration) in vitro. Larvae were collected by candling or enzymatic digestion from infected fish, identified morphologically and confirmed molecularly. Individual larvae were transferred to a semi-solid Phosphate Buffered Saline agar, and subjected to different temperatures (6 ℃, 12 ℃, 22 ℃, 37 ℃) at air conditions. Moreover, different combinations of CO2 and O2 with N2 as filler were tested, at both 6 °C and 12 °C. Video recordings of larvae were translated into scores for larval motility and mobility. Results showed that temperature had significant influence on larval movements, with the highest motility and mobility observed at 22 ℃ for Anisakis spp. larvae and 37 ℃ for Pseudoterranova spp. larvae. During the first 10 min, the median migration of Anisakis spp. larvae was 10 cm at 22 ℃, and the median migration of Pseudoterranova spp. larvae was 3 cm at 37 ℃. Larval mobility was not significantly different under the different CO2 or O2 conditions at 6 °C and 12 ℃. It was concluded that temperature significantly facilitated larval movement with the optimum temperature being different for Anisakis spp. and Pseudoterranova spp., while CO2 and O2 did not on the short term. This should be further validated in parasite-infected/spiked fish fillets.

scholarly journals Biological Effects of XyloCore, a Glucose Sparing PD Solution, on Mesothelial Cells: Focus on Mesothelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Inflammation and Angiogenesis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2282
Author(s):  
Valentina Masola ◽  
Mario Bonomini ◽  
Maurizio Onisto ◽  
Pietro Manuel Ferraro ◽  
Arduino Arduini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Glucose Content ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Low Glucose ◽  
Endothelial To Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Osmotic Agents

Glucose-based solutions remain the most used osmotic agents in peritoneal dialysis (PD), but unavoidably they contribute to the loss of peritoneal filtration capacity. Here, we evaluated at a molecular level the effects of XyloCore, a new PD solution with a low glucose content, in mesothelial and endothelial cells. Cell viability, integrity of mesothelial and endothelial cell membrane, activation of mesothelial and endothelial to mesenchymal transition programs, inflammation, and angiogenesis were evaluated by several techniques. Results showed that XyloCore preserves mesothelial and endothelial cell viability and membrane integrity. Moreover XyloCore, unlike glucose-based solutions, does not exert pro-fibrotic, -inflammatory, and -angiogenic effects. Overall, the in vitro evidence suggests that XyloCore could represent a potential biocompatible solution promising better outcomes in clinical practice.

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