scholarly journals Production Technologies of Ancient Bricks from Padua, Italy: Changing Colors and Resistance over Time

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Elena Mercedes Pérez-Monserrat ◽  
Lara Maritan ◽  
Enrico Garbin ◽  
Giuseppe Cultrone
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Ultrasound Velocity ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Structural Anisotropy ◽  
Porous Bodies ◽  
Silicate Inclusions ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Representative and very uneven texturally bricks having yellow/beige or pale or dark red colors from the Renaissance walls (16th century) of Padua, Northeast Italy, were studied by means of colorimetric, petrographic (MOP), chemical (XRF), mineralogical (PXRD) and microstructural analysis (FESEM-EDS). Starting from the color measurements of the ceramic bodies, the manufacturing technologies and their influence on the physical behavior and durability of the bricks were established. The porous system was characterized by means of hygric tests and mercury intrusion porosimetry; the compactness and structural anisotropy were defined through ultrasound velocity; the uniaxial compressive strength was determined; and durability to salt crystallization and frost action of the bricks was assessed. Mg- and Ca-rich illitic clays fired at temperatures ≥900 °C were used to manufacture the beige hue bodies, while the pale red bricks were made out with Ca- and Fe-rich illitic clays fired at 850–900 °C. A lower carbonate content on the base clays and a lower firing temperature were the main causes responsible for the changing colors from beige to red hue. The increase of the red color was associated to higher silicate inclusions content and lower development of reaction rims around grains. The low sintering degree achieved yielded highly porous bodies with diverse porous systems, leading to differential physical performance and durability of the bricks that may turn out beneficial for the conservation of the historic walls.

Properties of Semisolid Parts: Comparison with Conventional and Innovative Manufacturing Technologies

2022 ◽  
Vol 327 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Pietro Tonolini ◽  
Annalisa Pola ◽  
Lorenzo Montesano ◽  
Marialaura Tocci ◽  
Marcello Gelfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Wear Properties ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Pin On Disk ◽  
Pressure Die Casting ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, wear properties of samples manufactured using thixocasting were compared with those of components obtained using low-pressure die-casting and additive manufacturing in order to assess the relationship between material performance and production technologies, both conventional and innovative. The investigated items were made with AlSi7Mg alloy. First, microstructural analysis and hardness measurements were carried out. Subsequently, pin-on-disk wear tests were performed. Wear behavior of the samples was studied considering both coefficient of friction and wear rate, while the damage mechanism was analyzed by observation of the worn paths using scanning electron microscope, correlating the behavior to the specific microstructure. In addition, the effect of selected heat-treated conditions, relevant for real applications, on wear properties was also evaluated.

Individuelle Fertigung durch den Einsatz von Industrierobotern*/Individual production through the use of industrial robots - Technology with the potential to revolutionize the production

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 470-476
Author(s):  
E. Prof. Uhlmann ◽  
S. Reinkober ◽  
C. Mohnke
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tools ◽  
Cyber Physical Systems ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Physical Systems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Flexible Fabrication

Industrie 4.0 – die Produktion der Zukunft und die flexible Herstellung kundenindividueller Produkte: Doch neben der Nutzung von cyberphysikalischen Systemen und der intelligenten Vernetzung sind es am Ende noch immer die Fertigungstechnologien und Anlagensystem, die ein Bauteil herstellen. Neben den 3D-Druckverfahren, die das Portfolio an verfügbaren Herstellungsprozessen signifikant erweitern, bietet auch der Einsatz von Industrierobotern ein großes Potenzial, die Fertigung zu revolutionieren. Sich autonom bewegende und selbst organisierende Bearbeitungsmaschinen, die jeden Schritt der Produktion an beliebigen Stellen der Herstellungskette realisieren können, erscheinen realistisch. Der Fachartikel fasst zusammen, welche Potenziale und Möglichkeiten die robotergeführte Bearbeitung bereits heute bietet und welche Hindernisse es zu überwinden gilt.   Industry 4.0 – Production of the future and the flexible fabrication of customized products. But beside the use of cyber physical systems and the intelligent linkage of machine tools, the manufacturing technologies and machine tools are the core of each production chain. 3D-printing technologies for example significantly expand the portfolio of production technologies. Furthermore the usage of industrial robots for machining tasks can fundamentally change today’s production. Autonomously moving and self organized machine tools based on robot guided machining seem to be possible. The article sums up the potentials and possibilities of the robot guided machining and shows the current obstacles.

Qualitative and Quantitative Microstructural Analysis of Copper for Sintering Process Optimization in Additive Manufacturing Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-47
Author(s):  
J. Ott ◽  
A. Burghardt ◽  
D. Britz ◽  
S. Majauskaite ◽  
F. Mücklich
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Powder Injection ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Powder Injection Moulding ◽  
Systematic Optimization ◽  
Manufacturing Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Abstract This work will present possibilities for the characterization of copper powder green bodies and sintered copper microstructures during pressureless sintering. The introduction of new parameters to microstructural characterization based on qualitative and quantitative microstructural analysis will facilitate the systematic optimization of the sintering process. As a result of the specific evaluation of the microstructure evolution, conventional isothermal sintering could be successfully replaced by multi-step temperature profiles, thus achieving sintering densities of more than 99 % by simultaneously reducing process time. This systematic optimization of the sintering process of Cu through specific microstructural analysis may now be applied to sinter-based manufacturing technologies such as Binder Jetting and Metal Powder Injection Moulding, enabling the manufacture of complex and highly conductive Cu parts for applications in electronics.

scholarly journals Advanced Manufacturing Technologies in Russia: Analysis of Retrospective Information in the Context of Management Tasks of Complex Socio-Economic Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
E.I. Zuga ◽  
◽  
D.A. Gusev ◽  
A.A. Kameneva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Modal Values ◽  
Advanced Production ◽  
Favorable Conditions

The article is devoted to the study of system relations and trends of development of advanced production technologies in the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2018 on the basis of retrospective data, as well as approaches to its analysis. A review of relevant publications is made. As the result it is concluded that many problems of the development and implementation of innovative technologies have a system character and remain unresolved. Models of dynamics of individual indicators of innovation are investigated: the number of developed and used advanced production technologies (APT). In the period under study the positive reduction of the gap between the used and developed APTs, as well as higher growth rates of the latter are described. The results of modeling the dynamics of frequency distributions, median and modal values of indicators are presented. The similarity of the situations in the most regions of the country is revealed. But there are some exceptions – Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod region, where more favorable conditions are observed. The difference in the patterns of the growth rate of median and modal values is shown; the used APT is dominant for both indicators. An increase in the asymmetry of the APT development in the regions of the Russian Federation is found. The method of multiple rating revealed the subjects, the situation in which is more favorable in terms of the number of developed and used APTs, but there are no regions that are simultaneously leading in both indicators.

scholarly journals The building stone of the Roman city of Lixus (NW Morocco): provenance, petrography and petrophysical characterization

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
T. Ajanaf ◽  
D. Gómez Grás ◽  
A. Navarro ◽  
J.D. Martín-Martín ◽  
J.R. Rosell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Salt Crystallization ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Building Stones ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Porosity And Permeability

The characterization of building materials is a key tool to assess deterioration processes and improve potential restoration works of archaeological sites. The aim of this paper is to identify and characterize the most important building stones used in the construction of the Roman city of Lixus (Larache, Morocco) by means of petrographic and petrophysical techniques. Based on the visual analysis of the monuments, three major building stones (i.e. lithotypes) have been identified: i) Oligocene sandstones, ii) Quaternary sandstones and iii) Quaternary conglomerates. Based on the analysis of the regional geology and exploitation marks, these three lithotypes have been recognised to crop out in the surroundings of Lixus and the quarries, presumably Roman in origin, recognized. The Oligocene sandstone is the primary building stone in Lixus as it forms and crops out extensively in the Tchemmis hill, at the top of which the city is settled. The Quaternary sandstones and conglomerates, which represent nearshore deposits and eolianites, crop out along the Atlantic coast where they form part of the cliffs next to Larache. Petrographic results indicate that lithotypes differ notably in grain size, ratio of detrital to allochemical components, and the configuration of their porous system. Mechanical analysis shows that the Oligocene sandstones are more resistant to compression than the Quaternary sandstones and conglomerates, the latter exhibiting relatively low compressive strength. The Oligocene sandstones, which display scarce porosity and permeability, show a hydric behaviour characterized by a very low degree of absorption and desorption water, likely resulting from a poor connectivity of the pore network. Contrary to the latter lithotype, the Quaternary sandstones, which exhibit very high porosity and permeability, display a hydric behaviour characterized by high degree of both absorption and desorption of water. This is attributed to the low degree of cementation compared to porosity of this lithotype and the excellent connectivity of the porous network. Finally, Oligocene and Quaternary sandstones do not show a significant weight loss after the accelerated artificial aging test, indicating that both are slightly affected by salt crystallization and presumably ice formation. Results indicate that the relatively fine state of conservation of the building rocks of Lixus is linked to intrinsic factors such as mineralogy and petrophysical characteristics together with the favourable effect of the climatic condition of the study area.

scholarly journals A review of production technologies and materials for manufacturing of cardiovascular stents

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-402
Author(s):  
B. Polanec ◽  
J. Kramberger ◽  
S. Glodez
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Bare Metal Stents ◽  
Metal Stents ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Atherosclerosis Treatment

The purpose of this article is to give a general overview of the production technologies of stents with consideration of their design and materials. Since the beginning of the use of stents in medicine for atherosclerosis treatment, their development has changed rapidly. Various stents have also been developed with the development of materials science, treatment techniques and new manufacturing processes. In this way the development has shifted from the initial bare-metal stents (BMS), to drug-eluting stents (DES) and bio-resorbable stents (BRS), which are made of biodegradable polymers or metals. Various studies agree that it will be necessary to further review the experimentally obtained material properties with analytical and numerical studies. Here, the computational modelling (Finite element analysis - FEA and Computational fluid dynamics - CFD) was found as a valuable tool when evaluating stent mechanics and optimizing stent design. The development of the stent manufacturing technologies has also changed and been supplemented over the years. Nowadays, 3D printing could be an exciting manufacturing method to produce polymeric bio-materials, suitable for the latest generation of bio-degradable stents applications.

scholarly journals Properties of Surface Engineered Metallic Parts Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Stelzer ◽  
Torsten Sebald ◽  
Markus Hatzenbichler ◽  
Benoit Bonvoisin ◽  
Baca Lubos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Electron Beam Melting ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Electrochemical Polishing ◽  
Tensile Fatigue ◽  
Fatigue And Fracture ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Metallic Parts

The potential of the Additive Manufacturing technologies is impeded by the surface finish obtained on the as-manufactured material. Therefore, the influence of various surface treatments, commonly applied to space hardware, on the mechanical properties of three selected metallic alloys (SS316L, AlSi10Mg, Ti6Al4V) prepared by using Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM) additive manufacturing processes have been investigated. Within this study, SLM using EOS M400 and EOS M280 equipment and in addition EBM using an ARCAM Q20 machine have been applied for sample manufacturing. A half-automated shot-peening process followed by a chemical and/or electrochemical polishing or Hirtisation® process has been applied in order to obtain lower surface roughness compared to their as-received states. Special emphasize has been taken on their tensile, fatigue, and fracture toughness properties. In addition, their stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour including microstructural analysis using HR-SEM have been investigated.

scholarly journals Thermal studies of vacuum panels of cellular structure of a passenger car

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (06) ◽  
pp. 1707-1713
Author(s):  
Anatoly N. Balalaev ◽  
Maria A. Parenyuk ◽  
Dmitry M. Timkin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
The Body ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
New Production ◽  
Passenger Rail ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Heat Transfer Coefficient

Aluminum alloys and composite materials are used in the body structures of modern passenger railway cars, which required the use of new manufacturing technologies: extrusion, pultrusion, etc. The use of new materials and new production technologies is changing the design requirements of passenger rail cars. The use of computer-aided design systems, in particular, SolidWorks Simulation, allows you to optimize the profile of cellular panels used in the construction of the body of a passenger railway car and obtained by extrusion or 3-D printing. Purpose of this work is to optimize the design stage of the enclosing structures of the body of a passenger railway car made of cellular profile panels, which can significantly reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the body walls and their mass, as well as provide the necessary strength conditions. Optimal profile of the vacuum panel, consisting of two rows of hexagonal cells, provides, according to calculations, the value of the specific thermal resistance R = 2.922 (m2 K)/W, which is 16.5% more than that of the existing body structure of a passenger rail car.

MODERN OPERATIONAL MANAGEMENT OF PRODUCTION AS A FACTOR OF ACHIEVING COMPETITIVENESS OF THE ENTERPRISE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
T. K. NAPLYOKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Quality Initiatives ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Organizational Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The article shows that the nature of manufacturing technologies has changed significantly over the past three decades due to the introduction of advanced manufacturing technologies. As the complexity, scale and organizational role of advanced manufacturing technologies increases, maintaining these technologies be-comes critical to an enterprise's ability to compete. To be efficient in the manufacturing industry, quality and maintenance must be viewed as strategic issues in factories, and in order to make its proper contribution to profit, productivity and quality improvement, it must be recognized as an integral part of an enterprise’s man-ufacturing strategy. Therefore, one of the existing quality initiatives to achieve competitiveness is the contin-uous improvement of production technologies.

scholarly journals The influence of microstructure on mechanical properties of 3D printable geopolymer composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 322 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
Kinga Korniejenko ◽  
Krzysztof Miernik ◽  
Wei-Ting Lin ◽  
Arnaud Castel
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

The additive manufacturing technologies are fast-developing industrial sector and, potentially, a ground-breaking technology. They have many advantages such as the saving of resources and energy efficiency. However, the full exploitation of 3D printing technology for ceramic materials is currently limited; a lot of research is being conducted in this area. A promising solution seems to be geopolymers, but its application requires a better understanding of the behaviour this group of materials. This article analyses the influence of microstructure on mechanical properties whilst taking the production method into consideration. The paper is based on comparative analysis – the investigation is focused on the influence of material structure on the mechanical properties and fracture mechanism of these kinds of composites, including those reinforced with different kind of fibres. As a raw material for the matrix, fly ash from the Skawina coal power plant (located in: Skawina, Lesser Poland, Poland) was used. The investigation was made by SEM analysis. The results show that the microstructural analysis did not sufficiently explain the underlying reasons for the observed differences in the mechanical properties of the composites.

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