scholarly journals Limonin: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetics

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 3679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Luo ◽  
Wang ◽  
Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Metabolic Enzyme ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Future Research Directions

Limonin is a natural tetracyclic triterpenoid compound, which widely exists in Euodia rutaecarpa (Juss.) Benth., Phellodendron chinense Schneid., and Coptis chinensis Franch. Its extensive pharmacological effects have attracted considerable attention in recent years. However, there is no systematic review focusing on the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of limonin. Therefore, this review aimed to provide the latest information on the pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmacokinetics of limonin, exploring the therapeutic potential of this compound and looking for ways to improve efficacy and bioavailability. Limonin has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-bacterial and anti-virus, anti-oxidation, liver protection properties. However, limonin has also been shown to lead to hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, and genetic damage. Moreover, limonin also has complex impacts on hepatic metabolic enzyme. Pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated that limonin has poor bioavailability, and the reduction, hydrolysis, and methylation are the main metabolic pathways of limonin. We also found that the position and group of the substituents of limonin are key in affecting pharmacological activity and bioavailability. However, some issues still exist, such as the mechanism of antioxidant activity of limonin not being clear. In addition, there are few studies on the toxicity mechanism of limonin, and the effects of limonin concentration on pharmacological effects and toxicity are not clear, and no researchers have reported any ways in which to reduce the toxicity of limonin. Therefore, future research directions include the mechanism of antioxidant activity of limonin, how the concentration of limonin affects pharmacological effects and toxicity, finding ways to reduce the toxicity of limonin, and structural modification of limonin—one of the key methods necessary to enhance pharmacological activity and bioavailability.

Phytochemical, Pharmacological Activities and Ayurvedic Significances of Magical Plant Mimosa pudica Linn

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Anti Cancer

: Mimosa pudica Linn is an integrated part of Traditional Medicines Systems of India, China, Africa, Korea and America. It has been used from centuries in traditional medicines to cure different diseases like fever, diabetes, constipation, jaundice, ulcers, biliousness, and dyspepsia. It is an important ingredient of wide class of herbal formulations. To assess the scientific evidence for therapeutic potential of Mimosa pudica Linn and to identify the gaps for future research. The available information on the ethno-medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Mimosa pudica Linn was collected via a library and electronic searches in Sci-Finder, Pub-Med, Science Direct, Google Scholar for the period, 1990 to 2020. In traditional medicinal systems, variety of ethno-medicinal applications of Mimosa pudica Linn has been noticed. Phytochemical investigation has resulted in identification of 40 well known chemical constituents, among which alkaloids, phenols and flavionoids are the predominant groups. The crude extracts and isolates have exhibited a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, osteoporosis, neurological disorders, hypertension etc.. To quantify the Mimosa pudica Linn and its formulations, analytical techniques like HPLC and HPTLC has shown dominancy with good range of recovery and detection limit. Mimosa pudica Linn is the well-known herb since an ancient time. The pharmacological results supported some of the applications of Mimosa pudica Linn in traditional medicine systems. Perhaps, the predominance of alkaloids, phenols and flavionoids are responsible for the pharmacological activities the crude extracts and isolates of Mimosa pudica Linn. Further, there is need to isolate and evaluate the active chemical constituents of Mimosa pudica Linn having significant medicinal values. In future, it is important to study the exact mechanism associated with the phytochemicals of Mimosa pudica Linn especially on anti-cancer activities. Notably, toxicity studies on Mimosa pudica Linn are limited which are to be explored in future for the safe application of Mimosa pudica Linn and its formulations.

Training Inpatient Staff in Cognitive Therapy

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Friedberg ◽  
Raymond A. Fidaleo
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Staff Training ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Case Conceptualization ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
General Training

The therapeutic potential of cognitive therapy in psychiatric hospitals is enhanced through conceptually homogeneous milieus and skillful staff training. This paper describes methods, processes, and issues to be considered in developing staff training programs. An emphasis is placed on case conceptualization and matching training to patients’ needs. Further, a general training program is delineated and challenges facing trainers are discussed. Finally, questions which may guide future research directions are suggested.

scholarly journals Ficus deltoideaJack: A Review on Its Phytochemical and Pharmacological Importance

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidun Bunawan ◽  
Noriha Mat Amin ◽  
Siti Noraini Bunawan ◽  
Syarul Nataqain Baharum ◽  
Normah Mohd Noor
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Antidiabetic Drug ◽  
Medicinal Species ◽  
Ficus Deltoidea ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Use

Ficus deltoideaJack (Moraceae) has had a long history of use in traditional medicine among the Malays to alleviate and heal ailments such as sores, wounds, and rheumatism and as an after-birth tonic and an antidiabetic drug. Modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that this plant has a wide variety of beneficial attributes for human health. Despite its importance, a review of this species has not been published in the scientific literature to date. Here, we review and summarize the historic and current literature concerning the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, and toxicity of this wonder plant. This summary could be beneficial for future research aiming to exploit the therapeutic potential of this useful, medicinal species.

scholarly journals Veterinary Drugs Found in Pharmacies in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilsad Onbasli ◽  
Gokcen YUVALI CELIK ◽  
Ahmet CEYLAN ◽  
Merve YUCETURK Azranur DAL
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Community ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Drug Group ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Drug Form ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Active Substances

In this study veterinary drugs in RxMediapharma ® 2017 which  actively used in pharmacies in Turkey were scanned. These veterinary drugs offered for sale in pharmacies are given active substances, animals used, drug form, route of application, local or imported. According to this result, Ministry of Health Licensed 1; Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock Licensed 56 local and 23 imported and a total of 79 veterinary drugs were detected. In addition, when the Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock Licensed drugs are grouped according to their pharmacological effects, it is determined that the licensed drug group which has the highest number with 43.75% is antibiotics. Although there are various studies concerning veterinary drug, İt is given as Turkey-scale all of these drugs has not been observed in an article expect e-data, and the data collected electronically, has been submitted to any scientific community. For this reason, it is thought that this study, which compiles veterinary drugs emphasizing therapeutic potential, will form the basis for future research.  

scholarly journals REVIEW OF THE TRADITIONAL USES, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF FENUGREEK (TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L.): AN IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANT IN UNANI MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Anjum Ara ◽  
Shaheen Akhlaq ◽  
Mohammad Fazil ◽  
Usama Akram ◽  
Bilal Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Unani Medicine ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Traditional Uses ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Background: Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with common name fenugreek, is a very popular spice as well as an important herb of traditional Unani medicine. It is one of the most promising herbs having nutritional as well as medicinal value, used for the treatment of an extensive range of ailments. Objective: The aim ofthe review isto present the traditional uses, phytochemistry, toxicology in the light of Unani medicine as well as contemporary researchesto comprehend itsimportance. Methods: The literature was collected from classical Unani textssuch as Khazain al-Advia, Makhzan al-Advia, Muhit-i-Azam, Al-Jami li Mufradat al- Advia wa'l Aghziya, Al Qanoon Fit Tib etc., and scientific data from published experimental and clinical studies were searched from search engines like Scopus, Web of science, Embase, Google scholar, Pub Med etc. Results: Phytochemical studies have led to the isolation of different compounds such as alkaloid, flavonoids, saponin, volatile contents, gum and fibre. Fresh plant ingredients such as seed, leaves etc, crude extracts and isolated constituents of fenugreek showed a wide spectrum of in vitro and in vivo studies that embrace its hypoglycaemic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities. Conclusion: With its vast mode of action, it influences in multiple ways in treatment of the diseases and the present review revealed its therapeutic potential and status. For future research prospects, the need of further studies involving mechanisms of action on scientific parameters is essential.

scholarly journals Cannabinoid Signaling in the Skin: Therapeutic Potential of the “C(ut)annabinoid” System

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Tóth ◽  
Dorottya Ádám ◽  
Tamás Bíró ◽  
Attila Oláh
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Barrier Formation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Pigmentation Disorders

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has lately been proven to be an important, multifaceted homeostatic regulator, which influences a wide-variety of physiological processes all over the body. Its members, the endocannabinoids (eCBs; e.g., anandamide), the eCB-responsive receptors (e.g., CB1, CB2), as well as the complex enzyme and transporter apparatus involved in the metabolism of the ligands were shown to be expressed in several tissues, including the skin. Although the best studied functions over the ECS are related to the central nervous system and to immune processes, experimental efforts over the last two decades have unambiguously confirmed that cutaneous cannabinoid (“c[ut]annabinoid”) signaling is deeply involved in the maintenance of skin homeostasis, barrier formation and regeneration, and its dysregulation was implicated to contribute to several highly prevalent diseases and disorders, e.g., atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, scleroderma, acne, hair growth and pigmentation disorders, keratin diseases, various tumors, and itch. The current review aims to give an overview of the available skin-relevant endo- and phytocannabinoid literature with a special emphasis on the putative translational potential, and to highlight promising future research directions as well as existing challenges.

scholarly journals Coumarin sulfonamide derivatives: An emerging class of therapeutic agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Irfan ◽  
Laila Rubab ◽  
Mishbah Ur Rehman ◽  
Rukhsana Anjum ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Structural Motif ◽  
Structure Activity ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

AbstractCoumarin sulfonamide is a heterocyclic pharmacophore and an important structural motif which is a core and integral part of different therapeutic scaffolds and analogues. Coumarin sulfonamides are privileged and pivotal templates which have a broad spectrum of applications in the fields of medicine, pharmacology and pharmaceutics. Coumarin sulfonamide exhibited versatile and myriad biomedical activities such as anti-bacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer. This review article focuses on the structural features of coumarin sulfonamide derivatives in the treatment of different lethal diseases on the basis of structure-activity relationships (SAR). The plethora of research cited in this review article summarizes and discusses the various substitutions around the coumarin sulfonamide nucleus which have provided a wide spectrum of biological activities and therapeutic potential that has proved attractive to many researchers looking to exploit the coumarin sulfonamide skeleton for drug discovery and the development of novel therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals A Bibliometrics Analysis of Metformin Development From 1980 to 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Song ◽  
Pei Ma ◽  
Yu Gao ◽  
Peigen Xiao ◽  
Lijia Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Bibliometrics Analysis

Metformin, the first-line oral blood glucose-lowering agent to manage type 2 diabetes, has gained growing popularity on both clinical application and basic research since early 1980s. A thorough and systematic knowledge map of metformin is pertinent to evaluate the research frontier and determine knowledge gaps. To this end, 20, 526 publications were analyzed by bibliometrics and data visualization to demonstrate the current global research status, potential hotspots, and perspectives on future research directions. In addition, the metformin development along the historical line was illustrated over the last 40 years. In sum, this study provides a comprehensive analysis that delineates the evolution of the historical milestones of metformin development, and we discuss the future research directions based on objective data analysis from a wide spectrum of metformin research areas.

scholarly journals Oridonin: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Chuan-Tao Zhang ◽  
Wei Ma ◽  
Xin Xie ◽  
Qun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Online Library ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Intense Debate

Oridonin, as a natural terpenoids found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine Isodon rubescens (Hemsl.) H.Hara, is widely present in numerous Chinese medicine preparations. The purpose of this review focuses on providing the latest and comprehensive information on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of oridonin, to excavate the therapeutic potential and explore promising ways to balance toxicity and efficacy of this natural compound. Information concerning oridonin was systematically collected from the authoritative internet database of PubMed, Elsevier, Web of Science, Wiley Online Library and Europe PMC applying a combination of keywords involving “pharmacology,” “pharmacokinetics,” and “toxicology”. New evidence shows that oridonin possesses a wide range of pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatorenal activities as well as cardioprotective protective activities and so on. Although significant advancement has been witnessed in this field, some basic and intricate issues still exist such as the specific mechanism of oridonin against related diseases not being clear. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicated that oridonin may exhibit adverse effects, even toxicity under specific circumstances, which sparked intense debate and concern about security of oridonin. Based on the current progress, future research directions should emphasize on 1) investigating the interrelationship between concentration and pharmacological effects as well as toxicity, 2) reducing pharmacological toxicity, and 3) modifying the structure of oridonin—one of the pivotal approaches to strengthen pharmacological activity and bioavailability. We hope that this review can provide some inspiration for the research of oridonin in the future.

Internet of Everything

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ergin Dinc ◽  
Murat Kuscu ◽  
Bilgesu Arif Bilgin ◽  
Ozgur Baris Akan
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interconnected Network ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Internet Of Everything ◽  
Light Waves ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Physical Phenomena ◽  
The Universe

In this chapter, the authors put forward the notion of internet of everything (IoE) as an effort to maximally connect our communication infrastructure to the universe, which can itself be regarded as the real IoE, an interconnected network of physical phenomena (i.e., Everything we perceive as independent wholes that persist through time, such as molecules, light, waves, living organisms, and celestial objects, with the purpose of gaining better understanding of its mechanisms and manipulating them to enable novel technologies via a networked sensing, analysis, and actuation approach). The strategy to outline the IoE effort is by dissecting the vast IoE landscape into IoXs according to their various application domains (Xs), for each of which the authors give an up-to-date account of the state-of-the-art in related fields and point out the challenges in contemporary research faces. They also discuss a wide spectrum of challenges and future research directions (e.g., ubiquitous connectivity, security, big data, etc., which are common to many IoXs and penetrate into the IoE effort in general).

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