scholarly journals A Novel Alternative Methods for Decalcification of Water Resources Using Green Agro-Ashes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 6777
Author(s):  
Safaa El-Nahas ◽  
Abdulrahem S. Arafat ◽  
Hanan Salah El Din ◽  
Abdulrahman G. Alhamzani ◽  
Mortaga M. Abou-Krisha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
Water Contents

The strategic idea in this work was to increase pH values by employing natural alkali sources (i.e., HCO3− and CO32−) from four tested agro-ashes as an alternative to chemicals (i.e., lime or soda ash). The considerable proportion of carbonates and bicarbonates in the investigated ash products had remarkable features, making them viable resources. All ash materials showed a significant ability for Ca ion elimination at high initial Ca ion concentrations. A slight quantity of ash (10 g/L) was sufficient for usage on very hard water contents up to 3000 ppm. Finally, the tested agro-ash was free of cost. Furthermore, unlike other conventional precipitants, such as NaOH, Ca(OH)2, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, and CaO, they are cost effective and ecologically sustainable. There is no need to employ any additional chemicals or modify the agro-ash materials throughout the treatment process. The benefits of the manufactured ash were assessed using a SWOT analysis.

Cost-effective water treatment of polluted surface water by using direct filtration and granular activated carbon filtration

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Cromphout ◽  
W. Rougge
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Direct Filtration ◽  
Carbon Filtration ◽  
Effective Water

In Harelbeke a Water Treatment Plant with a capacity of 15,000 m3/day, using Schelde river water has been in operation since April 1995. The treatment process comprises nitrification, dephosphatation by direct filtration, storage into a reservoir, direct filtration, granular activated carbon filtration and disinfection. The design of the three-layer direct filters was based on pilot experiments. The performance of the plant during the five years of operation is discussed. It was found that the removal of atrazin by activated carbon depends on the water temperature.

STUDY OF SOME FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE DISTRIBUTION OF NUCLEAR VOLUMES IN PREPARATIONS OF RAT LIVER NUCLEI

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 1175-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Umaña
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Magnesium Ion ◽  
Homogenization Procedure ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Sucrose Solutions ◽  
Liver Nuclei ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The effect of the homogenization procedure, the centrifugation scheme, and the composition of the suspension medium on the distribution of nuclear volumes has been studied.It has been shown that the Waring Blendor not only destroys a greater number of the nuclei during homogenization, but also that this destruction is a selective one. At neutral pH values, no direct relationship appears to exist between the DNA content of the nuclei and their density. For this reason, purification in concentrated sucrose solutions produces a selective loss of the lighter nuclei, which includes small diploid stromal nuclei and some of the larger polyploid type of parenchymal nuclei.The study of the effect of increasing the calcium and magnesium ion concentrations (from 0.001 to 0.005 M) on the nuclear distribution showed that these ions produce a selective shrinkage and condensation of the nuclei, probably through different mechanisms.

scholarly journals Effects of Marketing Ages on the Physicochemical Properties and Sensory Aspects of Cured Broiler Chicken Breast Meat

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2152
Author(s):  
Sin-Young Park ◽  
Hack-Youn Kim
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Flavor Evaluation ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Cooking Yield

This research evaluated the properties of cured chicken breasts of broiler chicken with different marketing ages (28, 30, 32, and 34 day). The water contents in the proximate compositions of the samples tended to decrease with increasing marketing age, while the protein content increased. The samples’ uncooked and cooked pH values, WHC, and cooking yield increased with increasing marketing age; however, the WHC and cooking yield were not significantly different between the 32 and 34 day samples (p > 0.05). In the case of the color, the 34 day samples were significantly lower in terms of lightness, but significantly higher in redness and yellowness compared to the other samples (p < 0.05). Although the shear forces of the 28–32 day samples were not significantly different (p > 0.05), those of the 28 and 30 day samples were significantly lower than those of the 34 day sample (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the aromatic profile (determined by principal component analysis) of the 34 day sample differed from that of the 28–32 day samples. Flavor evaluation of the cooked 30 and 32 day samples showed significant differences compared to the 28 and 34 day samples (p < 0.05), and the texture evaluation showed that the 34 day sample obtained a significantly lower score than the 28 day sample (p < 0.05). Overall, these results suggest that the current broiler marketing age of 32 day results in suitable quality properties for broiler cured chicken breast.

scholarly journals Effects of External Acidification on the Blood Acid-Base Status and Ion Concentrations of Lamprey

1988 ◽  
Vol 136 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-361
Author(s):  
LEONA MATTSOFF ◽  
MIKKO NIKINMAA
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Ph Response ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
K Concentration

We studied the effects of acute external acidification on the acid-base status and plasma and red cell ion concentrations of lampreys. Mortality was observed within 24 h at pH5 and especially at pH4. The main reason for the high sensitivity of lampreys to acid water appears to be the large drop in blood pH: 0.6 and 0.8 units after 24 h at pH5 and pH4, respectively. The drop of plasma pH is much larger than in teleost fishes exposed to similar pH values. The difference in the plasma pH response between lampreys and teleosts probably results from the low buffering capacity of lamprey blood, since red cells cannot participate in buffering extracellular acid loads. Acidification also caused a decrease in both Na+ and C− concentrations and an elevation in K+ concentration of plasma. The drop in plasma Na+ concentration occurred faster than the drop in plasma Cl− concentration which, in turn, coincided with the decrease in total CO2 concentration of the blood.

IDENTIFIKASI DAN STRATEGI PENGUATAN KEARIFAN LOKAL USAHATANI PADI SAWAH TADAH HUJAN DI DESA LONG MIDANG

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendris Hendris ◽  
Sudirman Sirait
Keyword(s):  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Mutual Cooperation ◽  
Rainfed Rice ◽  
Technology Strategies ◽  
Food Needs

AbstractFor their food needs, the people in Long Midang Village still apply traditional values or local wisdom in the utilization and processing of rice cultivation, especially rainfed lowland rice. This research aims to identify local wisdom that has existed and still being maintained, knowing the factors that cause local wisdom to be maintained or abandoned, and formulating strategies to maintain local wisdom. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis method and SWOT analysis tool, data obtained through in-depth interviews. The results showed there are 38 local wisdoms in Long Midang Village, 22 local wisdoms are retained while 16 local wisdoms are removed, the factors that cause local wisdom have been maintained are the availability of organic fertilizers, the use of cheaper traditional tools, land preservation and respect for ancestral heritage. The factors that cause local wisdom have been abandoned are changes in insight/knowledge and more efficient modern technology. Strategies to strengthen local wisdom using aggressive strategies (S-O) namely increasing the use of buffalo in cultivating land as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly local wisdom as well as maintaining mutual cooperation wisdom. Key words: Local Wisdom, Rainfed Rice, SWOTAbstrakDalam memenuhi kebutuhan pangannya, masyarakat di Desa Long Midang masih memegang kuat nilai-nilai tradisi adat atau kearifan lokal yaitu dalam pemanfaatan dan pengolahan budidaya padi khususnya padi sawah tadah hujan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kearifan lokal yang pernah ada dan yang masih dipertahankan, mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kearifan lokal terus dipertahankan atau ditinggalkan, dan merumuskan strategi dalam mempertahankan kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan alat analisis SWOT, data diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kearifan lokal di Desa Long Midang berjumlah 38, kearifan lokal yang dipertahankan sebanyak 22 sedangkan kearifan lokal yang ditinggalkan sebanyak 16, faktor-faktor penyebab kearifan lokal di pertahankan adalah tersedianya pupuk organik, penggunaan alat-alat tradisional yang lebih murah, kelestarian lahan dan penghargaan terhadap warisan leluhur. Faktor-faktor penyebab kearifan lokal ditinggalkan adalah perubahan wawasan/pengetahuan dan perkembangan teknologi modern yang lebih efisien. Strategi penguatan kearifan lokal menggunakan strategi agresif (S-O) yaitu meningkatkan penggunaan kerbau dalam pengolahan lahan sebagai salah satu kearifan lokal yang hemat biaya dan ramah lingkungan serta mempertahankan kearifan gotong royong.Kata kunci: Kearifan Lokal, Sawah Tadah Hujan, SWOT

scholarly journals Review of Microwaves Techniques for Breast Cancer Detection

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maged A. Aldhaeebi ◽  
Khawla Alzoubi ◽  
Thamer S. Almoneef ◽  
Saeed M. Bamatraf ◽  
Hussein Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Breast Tumour ◽  
Microwave Imaging ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Breast Cancer Imaging ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Microwave Techniques

Conventional breast cancer detection techniques including X-ray mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound scanning suffer from shortcomings such as excessive cost, harmful radiation, and inconveniences to the patients. These challenges motivated researchers to investigate alternative methods including the use of microwaves. This article focuses on reviewing the background of microwave techniques for breast tumour detection. In particular, this study reviews the recent advancements in active microwave imaging, namely microwave tomography and radar-based techniques. The main objective of this paper is to provide researchers and physicians with an overview of the principles, techniques, and fundamental challenges associated with microwave imaging for breast cancer detection. Furthermore, this study aims to shed light on the fact that until today, there are very few commercially available and cost-effective microwave-based systems for breast cancer imaging or detection. This conclusion is not intended to imply the inefficacy of microwaves for breast cancer detection, but rather to encourage a healthy debate on why a commercially available system has yet to be made available despite almost 30 years of intensive research.

scholarly journals Thermal Management Systems for Civil Aircraft Engines: Review, Challenges and Exploring the Future

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Jafari ◽  
Theoklis Nikolaidis
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Engine Efficiency ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Aero Engines ◽  
Historical Coverage ◽  
Electrical Components

This paper examines and analytically reviews the thermal management systems proposed over the past six decades for gas turbine civil aero engines. The objective is to establish the evident system shortcomings and to identify the remaining research questions that need to be addressed to enable this important technology to be adopted by next generation of aero engines with complicated designs. Future gas turbine aero engines will be more efficient, compact and will have more electric parts. As a result, more heat will be generated by the different electrical components and avionics. Consequently, alternative methods should be used to dissipate this extra heat as the current thermal management systems are already working on their limits. For this purpose, different structures and ideas in this field are stated in terms of considering engines architecture, the improved engine efficiency, the reduced emission level and the improved fuel economy. This is followed by a historical coverage of the proposed concepts dating back to 1958. Possible thermal management systems development concepts are then classified into four distinct classes: classic, centralized, revolutionary and cost-effective; and critically reviewed from challenges and implementation considerations points of view. Based on this analysis, the potential solutions for dealing with future challenges are proposed including combination of centralized and revolutionary developments and combination of classic and cost-effective developments. The effectiveness of the proposed solutions is also discussed with a complexity-impact correlation analysis.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Pyrethroids by a Hydrolyzing Carboxylesterase EstA from Bacillus cereus BCC01

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Hu ◽  
Qiqi Lu ◽  
Guohua Zhong ◽  
Meiying Hu ◽  
Xin Yi
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Genomic Library ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Technique ◽  
Culture Suspension ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Microbial degradation has been considered as a rapid, green, and cost-effective technique to reduce insecticide pollutions in a contaminated environment. However, the instability and low efficacy of non-indigenous microorganisms hampers their further exploitation when being introduced into a real environmental matrix. In order to overcome the restriction that these functional microorganisms are under, we investigated the optimal conditions to improve the pyrethroid-degrading ability of one previously isolated bacterium Bacillus cereus BCC01, where 9.6% of the culture suspension (with cell density adjusted to OD600 = 0.6) was inoculated into 50 mL media and cultivated at pH 8 and 30 °C, and its metabolic pathway was illuminated by analyzing the main metabolites via gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Most importantly, a key pyrethroid-hydrolyzing carboxylesterase gene estA was identified from the genomic library of strain BCC01, and then expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). After purification, the recombinant protein EstA remained soluble, displaying high degrading activity against different pyrethroids and favorable stability over a wide range of temperatures (from 15 °C to 50 °C) and pH values (6.5–9). Therefore, the EstA-associated biodegradation of pyrethroids was determined, which could provide novel insights to facilitate the practical application of B. cereus BCC01 in the microbial detoxification of pyrethroid contamination.

Removal of Phosphate Ions from Aqueous Solution Using Anthracite

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Arifur Rahman ◽  
Tamanna Azam ◽  
A. M. Shafiqul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Phosphate Concentration ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Adsorption Study ◽  
Adsorption Column ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Phosphate Ions

Anthracite was used as an adsorbent to remove excess phosphate from wastewater. Anthracite used in the present study is environmentally friendly and of cost effective. The adsorption study was carried out using different particle size of adsorbents, different concentration of phosphate solution ranging from 25.0 mg/L to 100.0 mg/L, different pH values ranging from 0.5 to 11.5 along with different adsorbent amount from 1.0 g to 5.0 g. Flow rate was also varied in the range of 0.6 mL/min to 1.8 mL/min. Adsorption column methods show the optimum removal of phosphate under the following conditions: initial phosphate concentration 25 mg/L, initial volume 25.0 mL, flow rate 1.0 mL/min adsorbent amount 2.0 g, particle size, < 90?m. This removal method may provide a solution to the removal phosphate from wastewater in Bangladesh as well as other countries of the world.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v60i2.11490 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 60(2): 181-184, 2012 (July)

A bicarbonate-containing medium for the solution culture of submersed plants

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
pp. 1584-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Myriophyllum Spicatum ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Vallisneria Americana ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Initial Ph

A bicarbonate-buffered hard-water medium was evaluated for the solution (nonrooted) culture of submersed aquatic plants. The new medium had an initial pH of 8.2, and after 2 weeks of plant growth in it, pH values remained similar to those in hard-water lakes. Several plants from hard-water lakes grew more rapidly in the new medium than in the commonly used Gerloff medium. When cultures were aerated with air, Myriophyllum spicatum growth was nearly twice as great in the new medium as in Gerloff medium, and growth of Vallisneria americana and Elodea canadensis in the new medium was 4 and 13 times that in Gerloff medium, respectively. When both cultures were aerated with 1% CO2, growth rates of M. spicatum and E. canadensis in the new medium were not distinguishable from those in Gerloff medium, but the growth of V. americana was 40% greater in the new medium. Myriophyllum spicatum was much less susceptible to attack by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the new medium than in Gerloff medium, similar to the susceptibility shown in nutrient-amended lake water. Key words: aquatic plants, culture techniques, plant pathogens.

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