scholarly journals The Potential Role of Curcumin in Modulating the Master Antioxidant Pathway in Diabetic Hypoxia-Induced Complications

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7658
Author(s):  
Somayyeh Ghareghomi ◽  
Mahdie Rahban ◽  
Zainab Moosavi-Movahedi ◽  
Mehran Habibi-Rezaei ◽  
Luciano Saso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Nrf2 Pathway ◽  
Pathway Regulation ◽  
Different Levels

Oxidative stress is the leading player in the onset and development of various diseases. The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway is a pivotal antioxidant system that preserves the cells’ redox balance. It decreases inflammation in which the nuclear trans-localization of Nrf2 as a transcription factor promotes various antioxidant responses in cells. Through some other directions and regulatory proteins, this pathway plays a fundamental role in preventing several diseases and reducing their complications. Regulation of the Nrf2 pathway occurs on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, and these regulations play a significant role in its activity. There is a subtle correlation between the Nrf2 pathway and the pivotal signaling pathways, including PI3 kinase/AKT/mTOR, NF-κB and HIF-1 factors. This demonstrates its role in the development of various diseases. Curcumin is a yellow polyphenolic compound from Curcuma longa with multiple bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities. Since hyperglycemia and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the leading causes of common diabetic complications, reducing the generation of ROS can be a fundamental approach to dealing with these complications. Curcumin can be considered a potential treatment option by creating an efficient therapeutic to counteract ROS and reduce its detrimental effects. This review discusses Nrf2 pathway regulation at different levels and its correlation with other important pathways and proteins in the cell involved in the progression of diabetic complications and targeting these pathways by curcumin.

scholarly journals Potential Role of GST-π in Lung Cancer Stem Cell Cisplatin Resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wenjun Wang ◽  
Jianping Wei ◽  
Xiaoyun Tu ◽  
Xiaoqun Ye
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
A549 Cell ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Adherent Cells ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Intracellular Ros

Background. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for tumorigenesis, chemoresistance, and metastasis. Chemoresistance is a major challenge in the management of lung cancer. Glutathione-sulphur-transferase-π (GST-π) plays an important role in the origin and development of various types of cancer by regulating the cellular redox balance. Recent investigations have demonstrated that GST-π is associated with the chemoresistance of lung CSCs (LCSCs). However, the mechanism of GST-π in lung cancer, particularly in LCSCs, remains unclear. The present study is aimed at exploring the potential role of GST-π in stemness and cisplatin (DDP) resistance of LCSCs. Materials and methods. In the present study, lung cancer cell spheres were established using the A549 cell line, which according to our previous research, was confirmed to exhibit characteristics of stem cells. Next, GST-π protein expression, apoptosis percentage, and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration in A549 adherent cells and A549 cell spheres were analyzed by western blotting and flow cytometry, respectively. Finally, DDP resistance, ROS concentration, and GST-π expression in LCSCs were analyzed following the interference with GST-π using DL-buthionine-(S,R)-sulphoximine and N-acetylcysteine. Results. The results revealed that GST-π was highly expressed in A549 cell spheres compared with A549 adherent cells and was associated with a decreased intracellular ROS concentration (both P < 0.05 ). Regulating GST-π protein expression could alter DDP resistance of LCSCs by influencing ROS. Conclusion. These results suggested that GST-π may be important for LCSC drug resistance by downregulating ROS levels. These findings may contribute to the development of new adjuvant therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.

Double-edged Role of KNa Channels in Brain Tuning: Identifying Epileptogenic Network Micro-Macro Disconnection

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Liu ◽  
Lei Sun ◽  
Yunfu Wang ◽  
Meng Jia ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Seizure Models ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Essential Insight ◽  
Potential Threshold ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Insight Into

: Epilepsy is commonly recognized as a disease driven by generalized hyperexcited and hypersynchronous neural activity. Sodium-activated potassium channels (KNa channels), which are encoded by the Slo 2.2 and Slo 2.1 genes, are widely expressed in the central nervous system and considered as “brakes” to adjust neuronal adaptation through regulating action potential threshold or after-hyperpolarization under physiological condition. However, the variants in KNa channels, especially gain-of-function variants, have been found in several childhood epileptic conditions. Most previous studies focused on mapping the epileptic network on the macroscopic scale while ignoring the value of microscopic changes. Notably, paradoxical role of KNa channels working on individual neuron/microcircuit and the macroscopic epileptic expression highlights the importance of understanding epileptogenic network through combining microscopic and macroscopic methods. Here, we first illustrated the molecular and physiological function of KNa channels on preclinical seizure models and patients with epilepsy. Next, we summarized current hypothesis on the potential role of KNa channels during seizures to provide essential insight into what emerged as a micro-macro disconnection at different levels. Additionally, we highlighted the potential utility of KNa channels as therapeutic targets for developing innovative anti-seizure medications.

scholarly journals Potential role of hypothalamic microRNAs in regulation of FOS and FTO expression in response to hypoglycemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bashair M. Mussa ◽  
Jalal Taneera ◽  
Abdul Khader Mohammed ◽  
Ankita Srivastava ◽  
Debasmita Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractHypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure (HAAF) is a serious complication of diabetes which is associated with the absence of physiological homeostatic counter-regulatory mechanisms that are controlled by the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system. Identification of biomarkers for early detection of HAAF requires an advanced understanding of molecular signature of hypoglycemia which is yet to be identified. The outcomes of the present study have shown that the viability and the apoptotic rate of the hypothalamic neurons (mHypoE-N39) were decreased significantly due to hypoglycemia in a dose-dependent fashion (p < 0.05). Although there are more than 1000 miRNAs differentially expressed in hypothalamus, only twelve miRNAs (miR-7a, miR-7b, miR-9, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-30a, miR-30b, miR-30c, miR-101b-3p, miR-181a-5p, miR-378-3p and miR-873-5p) were correlated to two main hypothalamic regulatory proteins, FOS and FTO. Expression of these proteins was very sensitive to hypoglycemia. We demonstrated that hypoglycemia modulates the expression of hypothalamic miRNAs that are related to FOS and FTO.

scholarly journals Hormonal mechanisms of cooperative behaviour

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1553) ◽  
pp. 2737-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta C. Soares ◽  
Redouan Bshary ◽  
Leonida Fusani ◽  
Wolfgang Goymann ◽  
Michaela Hau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Considerable Body ◽  
Different Levels

Research on the diversity, evolution and stability of cooperative behaviour has generated a considerable body of work. As concepts simplify the real world, theoretical solutions are typically also simple. Real behaviour, in contrast, is often much more diverse. Such diversity, which is increasingly acknowledged to help in stabilizing cooperative outcomes, warrants detailed research about the proximate mechanisms underlying decision-making. Our aim here is to focus on the potential role of neuroendocrine mechanisms on the regulation of the expression of cooperative behaviour in vertebrates. We first provide a brief introduction into the neuroendocrine basis of social behaviour. We then evaluate how hormones may influence known cognitive modules that are involved in decision-making processes that may lead to cooperative behaviour. Based on this evaluation, we will discuss specific examples of how hormones may contribute to the variability of cooperative behaviour at three different levels: (i) within an individual; (ii) between individuals and (iii) between species. We hope that these ideas spur increased research on the behavioural endocrinology of cooperation.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL ROLE OF CURCUMIN AS A TREATMENT OPTION FOR COVID-19: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Sadique Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Viral Binding ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

Severe Acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is presently a pandemic declared by world health organization. Treatment modalities for this disease are being explored. Curcumin the phytoconstituent of Curcuma longa, can be a potential treatment for COVID-19 because various findings suggest its therapeutic properties like antioxidant, antiemetic, antifatigue effects which can potentially manage symptoms and signs of COVID-19, also it has antiviral properties such as impeding the viral binding to host cell as well as replication. It has restrictive actions on viral protease as well and having inhibitory actions on pro-inflammatory cytokine molecules.Thus, it alleviates symptoms due to inflammation such as fibrosis and edema in pulmonary region. Broncho dilatory effects of curcumin as well as suppression of cough via acting on bradykinin thus curcumin can alleviate symptoms such as cough in COVID-19 sufferers. Curcumin also has preventive actionson Cardiovascular and renal damage due to COVID-19. All these potential activities suggest the possible use of curcumin in management of COVID-19. Clinical studies should be considered to explore the same. In this review we highlight the potential therapeutic effects of curcumin against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Implications of DPP4 modification of proteins that regulate stem/progenitor and more mature cell types

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Ou ◽  
Heather A. O’Leary ◽  
Hal E. Broxmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Progenitor Cell ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Mature Cell ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem

Abstract Dipeptidylpeptidase (DPP) 4 has the potential to truncate proteins with a penultimate alanine, proline, or other selective amino acids at the N-terminus. DPP4 truncation of certain chemokines, colony-stimulating factors, and interleukins have recently been linked to regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, more mature blood cells, and other cell types. We believe that the potential role of DPP4 in modification of many regulatory proteins, and their subsequent effects on numerous stem/progenitor and other cell-type functions has not been adequately appreciated. This review addresses the potential implications of the modifying effects of DPP4 on a large number of cytokines and other growth-regulating factors with either proven or putative DPP4 truncation sites on hematopoietic cells, and subsequent effects of DPP4-truncated proteins on multiple aspects of steady-state and stressed hematopoiesis, including stem/progenitor cell, and more mature cell, function.

scholarly journals Alteration of Endothelins: A Common Pathogenetic Mechanism in Chronic Diabetic Complications

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subrata Chakrabarti ◽  
Zia Ali Khan ◽  
Mark Cukiernik ◽  
Gen Fukuda ◽  
Shali Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanism ◽  
Functional Changes

Endothelin (ET) peptides perform several physiological, vascular, and nonvascular functions and are widely distributed in a number of tissues. They are altered in several disease processes including diabetes. Alteration of ETs have been demonstrated in organs of chronic diabetic complications in both experimental and clinical studies. The majority of the effects of ET alteration in diabetes are due to altered vascular function. Furthermore, ET antagonists have been shown to prevent structural and functional changes induced by diabetes in animal models. This review discusses the contribution of ETs in the pathogenesis and the potential role of ET antagonism in the treatment of chronic diabetic complications.

scholarly journals 2-methoxyestradiol Prevents LNCaP Tumor Development in Nude Mice: Potential Role of G2/M Regulatory proteins

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. JCD.S2480
Author(s):  
Cara Horny ◽  
Muralimanoharan Sri Balasubashini ◽  
Krishna Komanduri ◽  
Manonmani Ganapathy ◽  
I-Tien Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Prostate Tumor ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Tumor Growth Inhibition ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wee1 Kinase

Nontoxic naturally occurring metabolite of estrogen namely 2-methoxyestradial (2ME2) found in serum and urine has been shown to be antitumorigenic in various tumor models including the prostate. A recent study conducted in breast cancer cells showed growth stimulatory effect of 2ME2 when used at low concentrations (10-750 nM). Studies from our laboratory has demonstrated prostate tumor preventive ability of 50 mg/kg 2-ME2. In this study we show that concentrations of 2-ME2 as low as 1 μM is sufficient to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in androgen responsive LNCaP cells. In addition oral administration of doses lower than 50 mg/kg prevented prostate tumor development in LNCaP xenograft model. The observed tumor growth inhibition was associated with induction of apoptosis, increased expression of Wee1 kinase and p34cdc2. In addition administration of 25 mg/kg 2-ME2 prevented tumor development significantly that is associated with reduction in serum PSA levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document