scholarly journals Application of the Metal Reflector for Redistributing the Focusing Intensity of SPPs

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Ji ◽  
Pengfei Xu ◽  
Zhongwen Lin ◽  
Jiying Chen ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Focusing Effect ◽  
Photoresist Layer ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Energy Flux Density ◽  
Flux Density Distribution

The near-field photolithography system has attracted increasing attention in the micro- and nano-manufacturing field, due to the high efficiency, high resolution, and the low cost of the scheme. Nevertheless, the low quality of the nano-patterns significantly limits the industrial application of this technology. Theoretical calculations showed that the reason for the poor nano-patterns is the sharp attenuation of the surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the photoresist layer. The calculation results suggest that the waveguide mode, which is composed of the chromium-equivalent dielectric layer-aluminum, can facilitate the energy flux density distribution in the photoresist layer, resulting in the enhancement of the field intensity of SPPs in the photoresist layer. This reduces the linewidth of nano-patterns, while it enhances the pattern steepness. Eventually, the focusing energy of the photoresist layer can be improved. The finite-difference time-domain method was employed to simulate and verify the theoretical results. It is found that for the rotational near-field photolithography with 355 nm laser illumination, the linewidths of the nano-patterns with and without the aluminum reflector are 17.54 nm and 65.51 nm, respectively. The robustness of the experimental results implies that the application of the aluminum reflector enhances the focusing effect in the photoresist, which can broaden the application of the near-field photolithography.

scholarly journals The design and research of the shared kitchen system in the hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 01011
Author(s):  
YE Xin ◽  
JI Qian
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Space System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The Right

The shared economy has been developing rapidly with low cost, low consumption and high environmental efficiency features under the background of internet waves. The shared economy model has emerged in housing, catering, and travel. As people look forward to high quality of life and their social interaction need, the shared kitchen platform arises at the right moment. This paper takes the shared kitchen as an example, focusing on the patients and their caregivers, the existing shared kitchens and its service platform as well as the space system design and human-computer interaction of the shared kitchen have been investigated and analysized. Taking the "high efficiency, the intelligence and the humanization" as the design principles, we are committed to exploring new directions for modular kitchen design under the background of shared economy.

A New Flexible Track Automatic Drilling System

2013 ◽  
Vol 433-435 ◽  
pp. 2178-2183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Bo Bi ◽  
Yi Hang Jiang ◽  
Yong Chao Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Mian Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Aircraft Assembly ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Flexible Track ◽  
Transformation Algorithm ◽  
Drilling System ◽  
High Computational Efficiency

The Flexible track automatic drilling equipment is widely used in aircraft assembly because of the low cost, high efficiency and high quality of holes. This paper constructs a new flexible track drilling system for large-size aircraft assembly. The system structure is introduced, and the transformation algorithm between product/device coordinate system and axes position parameters is proposed. The experimental results show that the transformation algorithm has the merits of high computational efficiency and high stability, and can meet the requirement of precision drilling.

A Dry Trenching Diaphragm Wall in Soft Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 666-669
Author(s):  
Zheng Sheng Zou ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Wen Qing Zhang ◽  
Qing Hua Kong
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Diaphragm Wall ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
A New Technique

Generally, it is difficult to control the trench stability and panel joint permeability in the construction of a diaphragm wall. The high construction cost is inevitable because of the environmental pollution due to the slurry, waste of water consumption, and debris disposal treatment. A new technique, called the dry trenching diaphragm wall with self-guided double-rectangular-casing, is thereafter developed in the current study to avoid these problems. In this technique, two pieces of rectangular steel casing are driven in sequence and guided each other. The trench is made by squeezing into the soft soil. The panel alignment and straightness are assured without any joints due to the dry concrete pouring instead of the influences of the slurry. Compared to the regular diaphragm wall, the technique is an environment-friendly, less emissive and energy-conserved one by eliminating the slurry pollution with the low cost. It shows that the quality of panel connection is reliable, and the permeation-proof performance is superior with high efficiency in wall-forming due to non-joint interlocking.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CHLORIDES AND SULPHATES ON QUALITY OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING ENZYME PREPARATIONS

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audra Skaisgiriene ◽  
Pertas Vaitiekūnas ◽  
Vytenis Zabukas
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Enzyme Preparations ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Consumption

The biological treatment method is widely used in Lithuania due to its high efficiency, low cost and suitability for treating various types of wastewater. After technological processes various mineral substances, such as chlorides and sulphates, get into water bodies. These substances are not removed from wastewater by the biological treatment method. The purpose of this study is to determine the concentrations of chlorides and sulphates, investigate the influence of enzyme preparations upon quality and energy consumption and assess energy changes in the trophic food chain during biological treatment. To analyse the mineral salt influence of the biooxidation process a series of laboratory tests was carried out: biochemical oxygen consumption (BOD), activated sludge concentration and other indexes. It is found experimentally that a 400 mg/1 concentration of chlorides disarranges the activity of microorganisms, and at a 700 mg/1 concentration active sludge is no longer suitable for biological treatment. Also, we investigated the effect of a ferment preparation “Roebic” on effluence of sewage treatment. In a tank with an enzyme the total amount of energy after treatment increases by 5–30 %. It is determined by calculating the accumulation of energy in an active‐sludge system that an enzyme preparation increases the energy levels of the system.

scholarly journals Model of a new joint thread for a drilling tool and its stress analysis used in a slim borehole

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Bairu Xia ◽  
Zhiqiao Wang ◽  
Chong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Contact Stress ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Drilling Pipe ◽  
Borehole Drilling ◽  
Ansys Workbench

Abstract. The drilling pipe used in slim-borehole drilling performs well due to its low cost and high efficiency. Good sealing properties and coupling strength are the two keys to ensure that the pipe works correctly. In this paper, a 68 mm diameter drilling pipe and its joint are developed. On the basis of Lame's theory, the contact model of the joint thread is represented under different axial force, makeup torque, and pressure difference between inner and outer pipe. This model provides a good reference for judging the quality of sealing of the joint thread. The analysis software ANSYS\\Workbench is applied to stimulate the distribution of contact stress and sealing properties. A premium condition for drilling has been proposed, which provides a good theoretical basis for slim-borehole drilling.

scholarly journals Effective Cleaving Parameters for Multimode Gradient Index CYTOP Polymer Fiber

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2491
Author(s):  
Ivan Chapalo ◽  
Antreas Theodosiou ◽  
Georgii Pobegalov ◽  
Sergei Chapalo ◽  
Kyriacos Kalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Gradient Index ◽  
Polymer Fiber ◽  
Razor Blade ◽  
Intensity Pattern ◽  
Adequate Evaluation

We experimentally address simple, low-cost and effective methods for the cleaving of multimode CYTOP optical fibers using razor blades. The quality of fiber end-face preparation depends on various parameters. The necessity of the near-field intensity pattern inspection for adequate evaluation of cleaved fiber end-faces is demonstrated. Razor blades of different manufacturers are evaluated for manual cleaving, as well as automated cleaving with controlled speed and temperature. The cleaving technique with both slowed motion of the razor blade and increased temperature up to 90 °C demonstrated the best quality of fiber end-faces. Typical cleaving defects are highlighted, whereas the cleave quality was characterized in terms of the light intensity profile emitted by the fiber in near field.

scholarly journals Transcritical mixing of sprays for multi-component fuel mixtures

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Manin ◽  
Cyril Crua ◽  
Lyle M. Pickett
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
High Speed Imaging ◽  
Mixing Processes ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Fuel Mixtures

The mixing of fuels with oxidizer has been an increasingly interesting area of research with new engine technologiesand the need to reduce emissions, while leveraging efficiency. High-efficiency combustion systems such as diesel engines rely on elevated chamber pressures to maximize power density, producing higher output. In such systems, the fuel is injected under liquid state in a chamber filled with pressurized air at high temperatures. Theoretical calculations on the thermodynamics of fuel mixing processes under these conditions suggest that the injected liquid can undergo a transcritical change of state. Our previous experimental efforts in that regard showed through high- speed imaging that spray droplets transition to fluid parcels mixing without notable surface tension forces, supporting a transcritical process. Only mono-component fuels were used in these studies to provide full control over boundary conditions, which prevented extrapolation of the findings to real systems in which multi-component fuels are injected. Multi-component fuels add another layer of complexity, especially when detailed experiments serve model development, requiring the fuels to be well characterized. In this work, we performed high-speed microscopy in the near-field of high-pressure sprays injected into elevated temperature and pressure environments. A reference diesel fuel and several multi-component surrogates were studied and compared to single component fuels. The results support that a transition occurs under certain thermodynamic conditions for all fuels. As anticipated, the transition from classical evaporation to diffusive mixing is affected by ambient conditions, fuel properties, droplet size and velocity, as well as time scales. Analogous to previous observations made with the normal alkane sprays, the behavior of the multi-component fuels correlate well with their bulk critical properties.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.5065

Fabrication of Microscale Polymeric Wavy and Coiling Structures via Side-Electrode-Assisted Near-Field Electrospinning: Modeling and Experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu You ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Ping Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Radius Of Curvature ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Buckling Instability ◽  
Fiber Arrays ◽  
Fiber Deposition

Abstract It is challenging for the existing fabrication strategies to generate microscale wavy and coiling structures with low cost and high efficiency. In this work, we develop a novel and simple method that allows the fabrication of microscale wavy and coiling fiber arrays via near-field electrospinning (NFES). In addition to the main vertical electric potential for polymer jet generation, additional electrostatic signals are applied to the side-auxiliary electrodes to dynamically control the fiber deposition. Compared with traditional electrospinning based on the buckling instability or mechanical collector movement, the proposed method shows advantages in terms of the controllability, stability, accuracy, and minimal feature size. A theoretical model to describe the polymer jet behaviors has been proposed to simulate the fabrication process by considering the momentum balance of viscoelastic, charge repulsive, and electric forces. The model has been directly verified through the comparison with experimental results. The effects of different process parameters on the fiber deposition patterns are analyzed and discussed. The processing capability has been further demonstrated by fabricating two-dimensional wavy and coiling patterns as well as three-dimensional wavy structures with the radius of curvature less than 100 µm.

scholarly journals Application of Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation in Calculation of Space Elevator System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11576
Author(s):  
Shihao Luo ◽  
Youhua Fan ◽  
Naigang Cui
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Model ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Axial Loading ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Absolute Nodal Coordinate ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Mechanical Models ◽  
Flexible Deformation

The space elevator system is a space tether system used to solve low-cost space transportation. Its high efficiency, large load, reusability and other characteristics have broad application prospects in the aerospace field. Most of the existing mechanical models are based on “chain-bar” and a lumped mass tether model, which cannot effectively reflect the flexible behaviour of the rope of space elevator system. To establish an accurate mechanical model, the gradient deficient beam elements of the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) are used to build the mechanical model of the space elevator system. The universal gravitation and centrifugal force in the model are derived. The calculation results of the ANCF model are compared with the results of the finite element method (FEM) and lumped mass (LM) models. The results show that the calculation results of the ANCF method are not very different from the results of the FEM and LM models in the case of axial loading. In the case of lateral loading, the calculation results of the ANCF method are basically the same as the results of the FEM and LM models, but can better reflect the local flexible deformation of the space elevator rope, and have a better calculation stability than FEM. Under the same calculation accuracy, the ANCF method can use fewer elements, and the speed of convergence is faster than the FEM and LM models.

scholarly journals Biosorption of Water Pollutants by Fungal Pellets

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Legorreta-Castañeda ◽  
Carlos Lucho-Constantino ◽  
Rosa Beltrán-Hernández ◽  
Claudia Coronel-Olivares ◽  
Gabriela Vázquez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Water Pollutants ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Fungal Pellets ◽  
Water And Wastewater ◽  
Real Wastewater

Fungal biosorption is an environmental biotechnology based on the ability of the fungal cell wall to concentrate harmful water pollutants. Among its advantages are its simplicity, high efficiency, flexibility of operation, and low cost. The biosorptive performance of fungal pellets is getting growing attention since they offer process advantages over the culture of disperse mycelia, such as an enhanced biomass separation, and a high resilience in severe environmental conditions. In this review, biosorption capacity of fungal pellets towards heavy metals, dyes, phenolic compounds, humic substances, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals was reviewed. Available data about the adsorption capacity of pellets, their removal efficiency, and the operational conditions used were collected and synthesized. The studies relying on biodegradation were discarded to present only the possibilities of fungal pellets for removing these concern pollutants through biosorption. It was found that the biosorption of complex mixtures of pollutants on fungal pellets is scarcely studied, as well as the interfering effect of anions commonly found in water and wastewater. Furthermore, there is a lack of research with real wastewater and at pilot and large scale. These topics need to be further explored to take full advantage of fungal pellets on improving the quality of aquatic systems.

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