scholarly journals Computational Study Regarding CoxFe3−xO4 Ferrite Nanoparticles with Tunable Magnetic Properties in Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia for Effective Alternative Cancer Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3294
Author(s):  
Costica Caizer
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Nanoparticle Diameter ◽  
Specific Loss Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Values

The efficacy in superparamagnetic hyperthermia (SPMHT) and its effectiveness in destroying tumors without affecting healthy tissues depend very much on the nanoparticles used. Considering the results previously obtained in SPMHT using magnetite and cobalt ferrite nanoparticles, in this paper we extend our study on CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles for x = 0–1 in order to be used in SPMHT due to the multiple benefits in alternative cancer therapy. Due to the possibility of tuning the basic observables/parameters in SPMHT in a wide range of values by changing the concentration of Co2+ ions in the range 0–1, the issue explored by us is a very good strategy for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of magnetic hyperthermia of tumors and reducing the toxicity levels. In this paper we studied by computational simulation the influence of Co2+ ion concentration in a very wide range of values (x = 0–1) on the specific loss power (Ps) in SPMHT and the nanoparticle diameter (DM) which leads to the maximum specific loss power (PsM). We also determined the maximum specific loss power for the allowable biological limit (PsM)l which doesn’t affect healthy tissues, and how it influences the change in the concentration of Co2+ ions. Based on the results obtained, we established the values for concentrations (x), nanoparticle diameter (DM), amplitude (H) and frequency (f) of the magnetic field for which SPMHT with CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles can be applied under optimal conditions within the allowable biological range. The obtained results allow the obtaining a maximum efficacy in alternative and non-invasive tumor therapy for the practical implementation of SPMHT with CoxFe3−xO4 nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Theoretical Study on Specific Loss Power and Heating Temperature in CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles as Possible Candidate for Alternative Cancer Therapy by Superparamagnetic Hyperthemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5505
Author(s):  
Costica Caizer
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Cofe2o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Specific Loss Power ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Range Of Values ◽  
Optimal Heating

In this paper, we present a theoretical study on the maximum specific loss power in the admissible biological limit (PsM)l for CoFe2O4 ferrimagnetic nanoparticles, as a possible candidate in alternative and non-invasive cancer therapy by superparamagnetic hyperthermia. The heating time of the nanoparticles (Δto) at the optimum temperature of approx. 43 °C for the efficient destruction of tumor cells in a short period of time, was also studied. We found the maximum specific loss power PsM (as a result of superparamegnetic relaxation in CoFe2O4 nanoparticles) for very small diameters of the nanoparticles (Do), situated in the range of 5.88–6.67 nm, and with the limit frequencies (fl) in the very wide range of values of 83–1000 kHz, respectively. Additionally, the optimal heating temperature (To) of 43 °C was obtained for a very wide range of values of the magnetic field H, of 5–60 kA/m, and the corresponding optimal heating times (Δto) were found in very short time intervals in the range of ~0.3–44 s, depending on the volume packing fraction (ε) of the nanoparticles. The obtained results, as well as the very wide range of values for the amplitude H and the frequency f of the external alternating magnetic field for which superparamagnetic hyperthermia can be obtained, which are great practical benefits in the case of hyperthermia, demonstrate that CoFe2O4 nanoparticles can be successfully used in the therapy of cancer by superaparamagnetic hyperthermia. In addition, the very small size of magnetic nanoparticles (only a few nm) will lead to two major benefits in cancer therapy via superparamagnetic hyperthermia, namely: (i) the possibility of intracellular therapy which is much more effective due to the ability to destroy tumor cells from within and (ii) the reduced cell toxicity.

scholarly journals Optimization Study on Specific Loss Power in Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia with Magnetite Nanoparticles for High Efficiency in Alternative Cancer Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Costica Caizer
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Specific Loss Power ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The cancer therapy with the lowest possible toxicity is today an issue that raises major difficulties in treating malignant tumors because chemo- and radiotherapy currently used in this field have a high degree of toxicity and in many cases are ineffective. Therefore, alternative solutions are rapidly being sought in cancer therapy, in order to increase efficacy and a reduce or even eliminate toxicity to the body. One of the alternative methods that researchers believe may be the method of the future in cancer therapy is superparamagnetic hyperthermia (SPMHT), because it can be effective in completely destroying tumors while maintaining low toxicity or even without toxicity on the healthy tissues. Superparamagnetic hyperthermia uses the natural thermal effect in the destruction of cancer cells, obtained as a result of the phenomenon of superparamagnetic relaxation of the magnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs) introduced into the tumor; SPMNPs can heat the cancer cells to 42–43 °C under the action of an external alternating magnetic field with frequency in the range of hundreds of kHz. However, the effectiveness of this alternative method depends very much on finding the optimal conditions in which this method must be applied during the treatment of cancer. In addition to the type of magnetic nanoparticles and the biocompatibility with the biological tissue or nanoparticles biofunctionalization that must be appropriate for the intended purpose a key parameter is the size of the nanoparticles. Also, establishing the appropriate parameters for the external alternating magnetic field (AMF), respectively the amplitude and frequency of the magnetic field are very important in the efficiency and effectiveness of the magnetic hyperthermia method. This paper presents a 3D computational study on specific loss power (Ps) and heating temperature (ΔT) which allows establishing the optimal conditions that lead to efficient heating of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, which were found to be the most suitable for use in superparamagnetic hyperthermia (SPMHT), as a non-invasive and alternative technique to chemo- and radiotherapy. The size (diameter) of the nanoparticles (D), the amplitude of the magnetic field (H) and the frequency (f) of AMF were established in order to obtain maximum efficiency in SPMHT and rapid heating of magnetic nanoparticles at the required temperature of 42–43 °C for irreversible destruction of tumors, without affecting healthy tissues. Also, an analysis on the amplitude of the AMF is presented, and how its amplitude influences the power loss and, implicitly, the heating temperature, observables necessary in SPMHT for the efficient destruction of tumor cells. Following our 3D study, we found for Fe3O4 nanoparticles the optimal diameter of ~16 nm, the optimal range for the amplitude of the magnetic field of 10–25 kA/m and the optimal frequency within the biologically permissible limit in the range of 200–500 kHz. Under the optimal conditions determined for the nanoparticle diameter of 16.3 nm, the magnetic field of 15 kA/m and the frequency of 334 kHz, the magnetite nanoparticles can be quickly heated to obtain the maximum hyperthermic effect on the tumor cells: in only 4.1–4.3 s the temperature reaches 42–43 °C, required in magnetic hyperthermia, with major benefits in practical application in vitro and in vivo, and later in clinical trials.

scholarly journals Study on Maximum Specific Loss Power in Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Decorated with Biocompatible Gamma-Cyclodextrins for Cancer Therapy with Superparamagnetic Hyperthermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10071
Author(s):  
Costica Caizer ◽  
Isabela Simona Caizer
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Fe3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Cellular Toxicity ◽  
Innovative Strategy ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Specific Loss Power ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4

Different chemical agents are used for the biocompatibility and/or functionality of the nanoparticles used in magnetic hyperthermia to reduce or even eliminate cellular toxicity and to limit the interaction between them (van der Waals and magnetic dipolar interactions), with highly beneficial effects on the efficiency of magnetic hyperthermia in cancer therapy. In this paper we propose an innovative strategy for the biocompatibility of these nanoparticles using gamma-cyclodextrins (γ-CDs) to decorate the surface of magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The influence of the biocompatible organic layer of cyclodextrins, from the surface of Fe3O4 ferrimagnetic nanoparticles, on the maximum specific loss power in superparamagnetic hyperthermia, is presented and analyzed in detail in this paper. Furthermore, our study shows the optimum conditions in which the magnetic nanoparticles covered with gamma-cyclodextrin (Fe3O4–γ-CDs) can be utilized in superparamagnetic hyperthermia for an alternative cancer therapy with higher efficiency in destroying tumoral cells and eliminating cellular toxicity.

scholarly journals Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Tumor Therapy: Effective Heating versus Possible Toxicity

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Anastasiia S. Garanina ◽  
Alexey A. Nikitin ◽  
Tatiana O. Abakumova ◽  
Alevtina S. Semkina ◽  
Alexandra O. Prelovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Cobalt Ferrite ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Magnetic Hyperthermia ◽  
Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽  
Heating Efficiency ◽  
Intratumoral Administration ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Specific Loss Power

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely considered for cancer treatment, in particular for magnetic hyperthermia (MHT). Thereby, MNPs are still being optimized for lowest possible toxicity on organisms while the magnetic properties are matched for best heating capabilities. In this study, the biocompatibility of 12 nm cobalt ferrite MNPs, functionalized with citrate ions, in different dosages on mice and rats of both sexes was investigated for 30 days after intraperitoneal injection. The animals’ weight, behavior, and blood cells changes, as well as blood biochemical parameters are correlated to histological examination of organs revealing that cobalt ferrite MNPs do not have toxic effects at concentrations close to those used previously for efficient MHT. Moreover, these MNPs demonstrated high specific loss power (SLP) of about 400 W g−1. Importantly the MNPs retained their magnetic properties inside tumor tissue after intratumoral administration for several MHT cycles within three days. Thus, cobalt ferrite MNPs represent a perspective platform for tumor therapy by MHT due to their ability to provide effective heating without exerting a toxic effect on the organism. This opens up new avenues for smaller MNPs sizes while their heating efficiency is maintained.

Lipid-based Nanoplatforms in Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuldeep Rajpoot
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Medication Delivery ◽  
Lipid Nanocarriers ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Drug Nanocarriers

Though modern available cancer therapies are effective, they possess major adverse effects, causing non-compliance to patients. Furthermore, the majority of the polymeric-based medication platforms are certainly not universally acceptable, due to their several restrictions. With this juxtaposition, lipid-based medication delivery systems have appeared as promising drug nanocarriers to replace the majority of the polymer-based products because they are in a position to reverse polymer as well as, drug-associated restrictions. Furthermore, the amalgamation of the basic principle of nanotechnology in designing lipid nanocarriers, which are the latest form of lipid carriers, has tremendous chemotherapeutic possibilities as tumor-targeted drug-delivery pertaining to tumor therapy. Apart from this, it is reported that nearly 40% of the modern medication entities are lipophilic. Moreover, research continues to be efficient in attaining a significant understanding of the absorption and bioavailability of the developed lipids systems.

Hyaluronan based Multifunctional Nano-carriers for Combination Cancer Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menghan Gao ◽  
Hong Deng ◽  
Weiqi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Functional Sites ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Combination Cancer Therapy ◽  
Targeting Strategy

: Hyaluronan (HA) is a natural linear polysaccharide that has excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity, making it one of the most attractive biopolymers used for biomedical researches and applications. Due to the multiple functional sites on HA and its intrinsic affinity for CD44, a receptor highly expressed on various cancer cells, HA has been widely engineered to construct different drug-loading nanoparticles (NPs) for CD44- targeted anti-tumor therapy. When a cocktail of drugs is co-loaded in HA NP, a multifunctional nano-carriers could be obtained, which features as a highly effective and self-targeting strategy to combat the cancers with CD44 overexpression. The HA-based multidrug nano-carriers can be a combination of different drugs, various therapeutic modalities, or the integration of therapy and diagnostics (theranostics). Up to now, there are many types of HA-based multidrug nano-carriers constructed by different formulation strategies including drug co-conjugates, micelles, nano-gels and hybrid NP of HA and so on. This multidrug nano-carrier takes the full advantages of HA as NP matrix, drug carriers and targeting ligand, representing a simplified and biocompatible platform to realize the targeted and synergistic combination therapy against the cancers. In this review, recent progresses about HA-based multidrug nano-carriers for combination cancer therapy are summarized and its potential challenges for translational applications have been discussed.

scholarly journals Grafting TRAIL through Either Amino or Carboxylic Groups onto Maghemite Nanoparticles: Influence on Pro-Apoptotic Efficiency

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 502
Author(s):  
Hanene Belkahla ◽  
Andrei Alexandru Constantinescu ◽  
Tijani Gharbi ◽  
Florent Barbault ◽  
Alexandre Chevillot-Biraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Maghemite Nanoparticles ◽  
Carboxylic Acid Groups ◽  
Lung Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Apoptotic Effect ◽  
Carboxylic Groups

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF cytokine superfamily. TRAIL is able to induce apoptosis through engagement of its death receptors DR4 and DR5 in a wide variety of tumor cells while sparing vital normal cells. This makes it a promising agent for cancer therapy. Here, we present two different ways of covalently grafting TRAIL onto maghemite nanoparticles (NPs): (a) by using carboxylic acid groups of the protein to graft it onto maghemite NPs previously functionalized with amino groups, and (b) by using the amino functions of the protein to graft it onto NPs functionalized with carboxylic acid groups. The two resulting nanovectors, NH-TRAIL@NPs-CO and CO-TRAIL@NPs-NH, were thoroughly characterized. Biological studies performed on human breast and lung carcinoma cells (MDA-MB-231 and H1703 cell lines) established these nanovectors are potential agents for cancer therapy. The pro-apoptotic effect is somewhat greater for CO-TRAIL@NPs-NH than NH-TRAIL@NPs-CO, as evidenced by viability studies and apoptosis analysis. A computational study indicated that regardless of whether TRAIL is attached to NPs through an acid or an amino group, DR4 recognition is not affected in either case.

scholarly journals Targeting AURKA in Cancer: molecular mechanisms and opportunities for Cancer therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruijuan Du ◽  
Chuntian Huang ◽  
Kangdong Liu ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Zigang Dong
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aurora Kinase ◽  
Interacting Proteins ◽  
Multiple Tumor ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Cancer Tissues

AbstractAurora kinase A (AURKA) belongs to the family of serine/threonine kinases, whose activation is necessary for cell division processes via regulation of mitosis. AURKA shows significantly higher expression in cancer tissues than in normal control tissues for multiple tumor types according to the TCGA database. Activation of AURKA has been demonstrated to play an important role in a wide range of cancers, and numerous AURKA substrates have been identified. AURKA-mediated phosphorylation can regulate the functions of AURKA substrates, some of which are mitosis regulators, tumor suppressors or oncogenes. In addition, enrichment of AURKA-interacting proteins with KEGG pathway and GO analysis have demonstrated that these proteins are involved in classic oncogenic pathways. All of this evidence favors the idea of AURKA as a target for cancer therapy, and some small molecules targeting AURKA have been discovered. These AURKA inhibitors (AKIs) have been tested in preclinical studies, and some of them have been subjected to clinical trials as monotherapies or in combination with classic chemotherapy or other targeted therapies.

scholarly journals A Computational Study on the Role of Parameters for Identification of Thyroid Nodules by Infrared Images (and Comparison with Real Data)

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4459
Author(s):  
José R. González ◽  
Charbel Damião ◽  
Maira Moran ◽  
Cristina A. Pantaleão ◽  
Rubens A. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Computational Study ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Wide Range

According to experts and medical literature, healthy thyroids and thyroids containing benign nodules tend to be less inflamed and less active than those with malignant nodules. It seems to be a consensus that malignant nodules have more blood veins and more blood circulation. This may be related to the maintenance of the nodule’s heat at a higher level compared with neighboring tissues. If the internal heat modifies the skin radiation, then it could be detected by infrared sensors. The goal of this work is the investigation of the factors that allow this detection, and the possible relation with any pattern referent to nodule malignancy. We aim to consider a wide range of factors, so a great number of numerical simulations of the heat transfer in the region under analysis, based on the Finite Element method, are performed to study the influence of each nodule and patient characteristics on the infrared sensor acquisition. To do so, the protocol for infrared thyroid examination used in our university’s hospital is simulated in the numerical study. This protocol presents two phases. In the first one, the body under observation is in steady state. In the second one, it is submitted to thermal stress (transient state). Both are simulated in order to verify if it is possible (by infrared sensors) to identify different behavior referent to malignant nodules. Moreover, when the simulation indicates possible important aspects, patients with and without similar characteristics are examined to confirm such influences. The results show that the tissues between skin and thyroid, as well as the nodule size, have an influence on superficial temperatures. Other thermal parameters of thyroid nodules show little influence on surface infrared emissions, for instance, those related to the vascularization of the nodule. All details of the physical parameters used in the simulations, characteristics of the real nodules and thermal examinations are publicly available, allowing these simulations to be compared with other types of heat transfer solutions and infrared examination protocols. Among the main contributions of this work, we highlight the simulation of the possible range of parameters, and definition of the simulation approach for mapping the used infrared protocol, promoting the investigation of a possible relation between the heat transfer process and the data obtained by infrared acquisitions.

scholarly journals Concentration-dependent oscillation of specific loss power in magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-wook Kim ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Hyungsub Kim ◽  
Seongtae Bae
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Dipole ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Physical Reason ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
Magnetic Nanofluid ◽  
Specific Loss ◽  
Specific Loss Power ◽  
Magnetic Nanofluid Hyperthermia

AbstractMagnetic dipole coupling between the colloidal superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPNPs) depending on the concentration has been paid significant attention due to its critical role in characterizing the Specific Loss Power (SLP) in magnetic nanofluid hyperthermia (MNFH). However, despite immense efforts, the physical mechanism of concentration-dependent SLP change behavior is still poorly understood and some contradictory results have been recently reported. Here, we first report that the SLP of SPNP MNFH agent shows strong concentration-dependent oscillation behavior. According to the experimentally and theoretically analyzed results, the energy competition among the magnetic dipole interaction energy, magnetic potential energy, and exchange energy, was revealed as the main physical reason for the oscillation behavior. Empirically demonstrated new finding and physically established model on the concentration-dependent SLP oscillation behavior is expected to provide biomedically crucial information in determining the critical dose of an agent for clinically safe and highly efficient MNFH in cancer clinics.

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