Evaluation of an Eight-Week Whole-Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Modification Program

Poor diet quality is the leading cause of death both in the United States and worldwide, and the prevalence of obesity is at an all-time high and is projected to significantly worsen. Results from an eight-week group program utilizing an ad-libitum whole-food plant-based dietary pattern, were reviewed. There were 79 participants, all self-referred from the community, including 24 (30.4%) who were already vegetarian or vegan at baseline. Seventy-eight participants (98.7%) completed the eight-week program. Among completers, those with higher BMI at baseline lost a larger percentage of their body weight (total body weight loss of 3.0 ± SD 2.1%, 5.8 ± 2.8%, and 6.4 ± 2.5% for participants who had baseline BMI in normal, overweight, and obese range, respectively). The average weight loss for all the completers was 5.5 ± 3.0 kg (p < 0.0001). Final blood pressure and plasma lipids were reduced compared to baseline (SBP decreased 7.1 ± 15.5 mmHg (p = 0.0002), DBP decreased 7.3 ± 10.9 mmHg (p < 0.0001), total cholesterol decreased 25.2 ± 24.7 mg/dL (p < 0.0001), LDL decreased 15.3 ± 21.1 mg/dL (p < 0.0001)). Twenty-one (26.9%) participants were able to decrease or stop at least one chronic medication compared to two (2.6%) participants who required an increased dose of a chronic medication. Participants who were already vegetarian or vegan at baseline experienced statistically significant weight loss and reductions in total and LDL cholesterol. There was a non-significant trend toward less weight loss in these participants compared to participants who were non-vegetarian at baseline. Reductions in total and LDL cholesterol were not significantly different when comparing vegetarian or vegan and non-vegetarian participants. A whole-food plant-based dietary intervention may provide significant short-term benefits for both non-vegetarian, vegetarian, and vegan individuals.

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Swipe out Stroke: Feasibility and efficacy of using a smart-phone based mobile application to improve compliance with weight loss in obese minority stroke patients and their carers

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1177/1747493016631557 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 593-603 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Nneka Lotea Ifejika ◽

Elizabeth Anne Noser ◽

James C Grotta ◽

Sean I Savitz

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Mobile Application ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

The United States ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Total Body

Rationale Swipe out Stroke (SOS) examines the use of a smartphone-based mobile application to reduce obesity in high-risk minority stroke patients. At record-high levels in the United States, obesity disproportionately affects minorities and is highly correlated with cerebrovascular disease. Unfortunately, structured weight loss programs are expensive, and compliance significantly decreases upon program completion. Mobile health (mHealth) technology is an innovative, cost-effective way to bridge this gap. Minorities spend over 4.5 billion dollars annually on consumer electronics, making studies that utilize mHealth applications ideal for health promotion and disease prevention. Aims and design SOS is a prospective, randomized-controlled trial with open blinded endpoint comparing an mHealth based dietary intervention to usual care to facilitate weight reduction. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke survivors and their carers are recruited from the acute care service of a Houston-based comprehensive stroke center. A neurorehabilitation physician or vascular neurologist meets with participants during the index hospitalization, a baseline clinic visit, followed by visits at 1, 3, and 6 month intervals. The SOS Team focuses on feasible modifications to the Southern dietary pattern (fried foods, fatty foods, added fats, eggs, processed meats, such as bacon and ham, organ meats (e.g., liver), and sweetened drinks) and caloric restriction to facilitate a 5% reduction in total body weight. Practical barriers to adherence are addressed, such as access to transportation, financial limitations, and depression. Study outcomes The primary dependent measure is a reduction of total body weight. Secondary outcomes include systolic blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and Factor VIII. Conclusion SOS will determine whether a Phase III effectiveness trial of a smartphone-based mobile application to address obesity-related health disparities is warranted throughout the Southeastern United States (Stroke Belt).

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Abstract P175: Frozen Single Serving Meals at Lunch Result in Reduced Blood Pressure and Cholesterol

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap175 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Kristin Reimers ◽

Zhiping Yu ◽

Stephanie Sinnett ◽

Von Nguyen ◽

James Rippe

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Potential Strategy ◽

One Year

Weight loss improves cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile, and strong evidence demonstrates that consuming smaller portions leads to weight loss. When prepared portion-controlled meals are compared to conventional meals as part of an overall weight-loss diet, results of clinical trials of up to one year in duration show greater and more sustained weight loss in those participants who consumed prepared single-serving meals. However, little is known about the effect of replacing just one conventional meal per day with a portion-controlled single-serving meal and no other dietary intervention. We assessed the hypothesis that replacing a typical cafeteria or restaurant hot lunch with a commercially available, frozen, single-serving meal would result in improved cardiovascular profiles. Thirty-five otherwise healthy overweight and obese participants (mean BMI 31.4 ± 3.1) ages 20-55 years were recruited from the community. They consumed and recorded, via duplicate plate method, their usual cafeteria or restaurant lunch for three days. For 30 days thereafter, participants replaced their typical lunches with commercially prepared single-serving meals (Healthy Choice®). They were asked to otherwise maintain their usual eating and exercise habits. Body weight, blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol were measured at baseline and after completion of the 30-day intervention. In conjunction with weight loss (200.5 ± 32.0 lb. at baseline vs. 197.7 ± 31.1 lb. post intervention, p < 0.01), reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (113.8 ± 12.8 vs. 109.3 ± 10.9 mmHg systolic, p < 0.05, and 76.0 ± 8.7 vs. 74.6 ± 8.0 mmHg diastolic, NS), serum total cholesterol (188.9 ± 29.1 vs. 176.1 ± 25.6 mg/dl, p < 0.01), and LDL-cholesterol (115.5 ± 26.7 vs. 108.8 ± 22.9 mg/dl, p < 0.001) resulted. These preliminary findings from a short-term study support the conclusion that consuming frozen single-serving meals at lunch provides a potential strategy for overweight and obese adults to reduce body weight, systolic blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol, primary risk factors for CVD.

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Effect of Mixed Nuts on Body Weight and Composition, and Gut Microbiome (P08-054-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz044.p08-054-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Shih Lung Woo ◽

Dina Ben-Nissan ◽

Zahra Ezzat-Zadeh ◽

Jieping Yang ◽

Lijun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Fecal Microbiome ◽

Tree Nuts

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to assess the effects of mixed nut consumption on body weight and composition, and gut microbiome in obese individuals. Primary outcome was change in body weight and composition. Secondary outcomes include gut microbiome composition, inflammatory markers, and plasma lipids. Methods The reported results are from an interim analysis (n = 50) of a randomized, placebo controlled, parallel study. Total enrollment target is 154 overweight/obese subjects (BMI 27–35 kg/m2). Participants were randomly assigned to consume either 1.5oz mixed tree nuts or pretzels with equal calorie content daily for 24 weeks. The study included a 12-week weight loss phase (500 kcal per day less than total daily energy expenditure), followed by a 12-week weight maintenance phase. Body composition, fasting blood, and stool samples were collected at baseline, week 12 and 24. Body composition, and vitals were analyzed, whereas plasma lipid profile, fecal microbiome, and microbiome metabolites analysis is still pending. Results At week 12, subjects from both the pretzel (n = 15, 10 dropouts; P = 0.009) and nut group (n = 22, 3 dropouts; P = 0.038) lost significant amount of weight. The trend of weight changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.530). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain weight loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 81.43 ± 3.85 kg at baseline vs. 79.43 ± 4.08 kg at week 24, P = 0.028; nut: 84.26 ± 3.78 kg at baseline vs. 82.38 ± 3.72 kg at week 24, P = 0.026). At week 12, fat mass in both groups was significantly decreased (pretzel: P = 0.002; nut: P = 0.012). The trend of fat changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.547). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain fat loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 30.84 ± 1.75 kg at baseline vs. 29.25 ± 2.12 kg at week 24, P = 0.024; nut: 31.51 ± 1.56 kg vs 30.21 ± 1.81 kg at week 24, P = 0.04). Muscle mass, and blood pressure were not significantly different between both groups. Conclusions Our data suggested that tree nuts could be consumed as part of a healthy weight loss meal plan without concern of causing weight gain. Further analysis of the remaining samples is needed to confirm results. Due to higher dropouts in the pretzel group, future intention-to-treat analysis is also needed to eliminate bias. Funding Sources This study is supported by the International Tree Nut Council.

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Dynamic Changes of Orexin A and Leptin in Obese Children during Body Weight Reduction

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.930860 ◽

2007 ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

J Bronský ◽

J Nedvídková ◽

H Zamrazilová ◽

M Pechová ◽

M Chada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Reduction ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Body Height ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Average Weight ◽

Obese Children ◽

Orexin A ◽

Igfbp 3

In this study, we describe changes of plasma levels of the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin A in obese children during the reduction of body weight and its relationship to other biochemical and anthropometrical parameters. We measured orexin A fasting plasma levels by the RIA method in 58 obese children--33 girls and 25 boys; mean age 13.1+/-0.38 years (range 7-18.5) before and after 5 weeks of weight-reduction therapy. Leptin, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels were measured in all the subjects and were compared to orexin A levels and anthropometrical data. Average weight in subjects before weight-reduction was 74.2+/-2.79 kg and after weight-loss 67.4+/-2.60 kg (p<0.0001). Orexin A levels before the therapy were 33.3+/-1.97 pg/ml and after the therapy 51.7+/-3.07 pg/ml (p<0.0001). Levels of orexin A were not significantly different between girls and boys (p=0.7842). We found negative correlation between orexin A and age (r = -0.5395; p<0.0001), body height (r = -0.4751; p=0.0002), body weight (r = -0.4030; p=0.0017) and BMI (r = -0.2607; p=0.0481). No correlation was found between orexin A and IGF-1, IGFBP-3 or leptin. Orexin A plasma levels increased during body weight loss, whereas the reverse was true for leptin levels. These findings support the hypothesis that orexin A may be involved in regulation of nutritional status in children.

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A Whole Food Plant-Based Diet Is Effective for Weight Loss: The Evidence

American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine ◽

10.1177/1559827620912400 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (5) ◽

pp. 500-510

Author(s):

Michael Greger

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

The United States ◽

Food Plant ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Dietary Interventions ◽

Plant Foods ◽

Obesity Epidemic ◽

Whole Plant

What does the best available balance of scientific evidence show is the optimum way to lose weight? Calorie density, water content, protein source, and other components significantly influence the effectiveness of different dietary regimes for weight loss. By “walling off your calories,” preferentially deriving your macronutrients from structurally intact plant foods, some calories remain trapped within indigestible cell walls, which then blunts the glycemic impact, activates the ileal brake, and delivers prebiotics to the gut microbiome. This may help explain why the current evidence indicates that a whole food, plant-based diet achieves greater weight loss compared with other dietary interventions that do not restrict calories or mandate exercise. So, the most effective diet for weight loss appears to be the only diet shown to reverse heart disease in the majority of patients. Plant-based diets have also been found to help treat, arrest, and reverse other leading chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hypertension, whereas low-carbohydrate diets have been found to impair artery function and worsen heart disease, the leading killer of men and women in the United States. A diet centered on whole plant foods appears to be a safe, simple, sustainable solution to the obesity epidemic.

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Assessment of body composition measure of bioelectrical impedance in patients operated for pancreatic, gastric and colorectal cancer

Polish Journal of Surgery ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7951 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Przemysław Dzierżek ◽

Krzysztof Kurnol ◽

Wojciech Hap ◽

Ewelina Frejlich ◽

Agata Diakun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

The Body ◽

Intracellular Water ◽

University Hospital ◽

Major Surgery ◽

Average Weight ◽

Neoplastic Disease

Introduction An adequate level of nutrition is important in the period of reconvalescence in patients undergoing major surgery, in particular due to neoplastic disease. Bioelectrical impedance (BIA - Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) is a widely used technique for assessing body composition. BIA measurement is easy, fast, cheap and repeatable. Material and methods The body composition of 56 patients (25 women and 31 men) was assessed with bioelectrical impedance analysys. All patients was hospitalized and operated in the Department of General and Oncological Surgery, Wrocław Clinical University Hospital in 2017-2018. Results The average weight loss on the 4th postoperative day is 1.32%, and at discharge from hospital 4.23% of body weight in relation to body weight at admission to the ward. The percentage of fat tissue (FM-Fatt Mass) in patients admitted to the ward is above the normal range. The change in body weight composition in hospitalized patients is mainly related to the amount of adipose tissue and the amount of extra- and intracellular water (ECW-Extracellular Water, ICW-Intracellular Water). Conclusions Bioelectrical impedance can be an easy and effective method to assess body composition and its change in patients undergoing major surgery. Patients operated on due to pancreatic cancer lose the highest percentage of body weight until discharge from the ward in relation to body weight at the time of admission to the ward from the analyzed groups. Weight loss mainly occurs as fat loss (FM).

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Effect of two doses of a mixture of soluble fibres on body weight and metabolic variables in overweight or obese patients: a randomised trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114507868528 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 1380-1387 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Jordi Salas-Salvadó ◽

Xavier Farrés ◽

Xavier Luque ◽

Silvia Narejos ◽

Manel Borrell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Randomised Trial ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Obese Patients ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of the administration of a mixture of fibres on body weight-loss, satiety, lipid profile and glucose metabolism. We included 200 overweight or obese patients in a parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, who were randomised to receive, in the context of an energy-restricted diet for a period of 16 weeks, a mixed fibre dose (3 gPlantago ovatahusk and 1 g glucomannan) twice (b.i.d. group) or three times daily (t.i.d. group) or placebo. Weight change was the primary efficacy endpoint. Satiety, dietary compliance, lipid profile, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were secondary endpoints. Weight loss tended to be higher after both doses of fibre ( − 4·52 (sd0·56) and − 4·60 (sd0·55) kg) than placebo ( − 0·79 (sd0·58) kg); the differences in changes between groups were not statistically significant. Postprandial satiety increased in both fibre groups compared to the placebo. The differences between groups in LDL-cholesterol levels were significant (P = 0·03), with greater reductions in the two fibre-supplemented groups ( − 0·38 (sd0·10) and − 0·24 (sd0·09) mmol/l in the b.i.d. and t.i.d. groupsv.− 0·06 (sd0·09) mmol/l in placebo group). A similar pattern was observed for changes in total cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol:LDL-cholesterol ratios. Interventions were well tolerated and had no effects on HDL-cholesterol, glucose and insulin concentrations, glucose tolerance or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. In conclusion, a 16-week dietary supplement of soluble fibre in overweight or obese patients was well tolerated, induced satiety and had beneficial effects on some CVD risk factors, the most important of which was a significant decrease in plasma LDL-cholesterol concentrations.

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Weight loss and usage of an online commercial weight loss program delivered in an everyday context: A 5-year evaluation of the CSIRO Total Wellbeing Diet Online (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.20981 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gilly A Hendrie ◽

Danielle L Baird ◽

Emily Brindal ◽

Gemma Williams ◽

Jennie Brand-Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Multiple Linear Regression ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Weight Loss Program ◽

Average Weight ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Food Diary

BACKGROUND Obesity is a global public health challenge, and there is a need for more evidence-based self-management programs that support longer term, sustained weight loss. OBJECTIVE This study used data from the CSIRO Total Wellbeing Diet Online to determine the reach and weight loss results over its first five years. METHODS Participants were adults who joined the commercial weight loss program of their own volition between October 2014 and September 2019 (N=61,164). Information collected included year of birth, sex, height and weight, and usage data, for example entries into the food diary, views of the menu and program content. Weight loss and percentage of starting body weight lost were calculated. Members were divided into two groups for analysis: ‘Stayers’ were members who signed up to at least 12 weeks of the program and recorded a weight entry at baseline and at the end of the program; ‘Starters’ started the program but did not record a weight after 12 weeks. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression were used to describe weight loss and determine the member and program characteristics associated with weight loss. RESULTS Data were available from 59,686 members for analysis. Members were predominately female (n=48979/59686; 82%) with an average age of 50 years (SD=12.6). The average starting weight was 90.2kg (SD=19.7) and over half of all members were obese (n=34195/59688, 57%). At week-12, 95% of members had an active program membership which decreased to 41% at 24 weeks. At week 12, 52% of remaining members were actively using the platform, and by week 24, 27% were using the platform. The average weight loss for all members was 2.8kg or 3.1% of starting body weight. Stayers lost 4.9kg (5.3% of starting body weight), compared to starters who lost 1.6kg (1.7% of starting body weight). Almost half (49%) the members who stayed on the program lost 5% or more of their starting body weight, and 16% achieved a weight loss of 10% or more. Of members who were Class 1 obese when they joined the program, 41% who stayed on the program were no longer obese at the end, and across all categories of obesity 24% were no longer obese at the end of the program. Based on multiple linear regression, platform usage was the strongest predictor of weight loss (beta=.263; P<.001), with higher usage associated with greater weight loss. CONCLUSIONS This comprehensive evaluation of a commercial, online weight loss program showed that it was effective for weight loss, particularly for members who finished the program and were active in using the platform and tools provided. If the results demonstrated here can be achieved at an even greater scale, the potential social and economic benefits will be extremely significant. CLINICALTRIAL not applicable.

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Some results of winter keeping of paddlefish young-of-the-year (Polyodon spathula (Walbaum, 1792)) in ponds of the Forest-Steppe and Polesye of Ukraine

Ribogospodarsʹka nauka Ukraïni ◽

10.15407/fsu2020.04.059 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 59-67

Author(s):

B. Hankevych ◽

◽

O. Tretiak ◽

O. Kolos ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Fish Farming ◽

The Body ◽

Average Weight ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

Study Results ◽

Young Of The Year

Purpose. Assessing the results of winter keeping of paddlefish young-of-the-year in ponds of the Forest-steppe and Polesye of Ukraine. Methodology. The study was carried out using 0.05-1.0 ha ponds intended for winter keeping of carps. The stocking density of paddlefish young-of-the-year with an average weight of 94.2-147.2 g in wintering ponds was 4.10-16.63 thousand fish/ha. The study of the physicochemical parameters of the aquatic environment was carried out according to the methods generally accepted in hydrochemistry and fish farming. The main piscicultural-biological parameters during the wintering period of fish were assessed using methods commonly used in ichthyology and fish farming according to the level of survival and body weight loss of paddlefish. Findings. The environmental conditions in the ponds during most of the wintering period of fish met the biological requirements of the studied object of cultivation. The water temperature varied within 0.9-6.50C. The dissolved oxygen content in water did not fall below 3.6-3.8 mgO2/dm3 and was mainly at the level of 3.9-7.9 3.9-7.2 mgO2/dm3. Other hydrochemical parameters were within acceptable values for wintering fish in pond conditions. As a result, the survival rate of paddlefish young-of-the-year during the wintering period was 81.5-89.7%. The body weight loss of fish during the winter keeping was on average in the range of 6.41-8.17%. A conclusion was made on the need to conduct additional studies of physiological and biochemical parameters of paddlefish during the wintering period. Originality. New data were obtained on the peculiarities of wintering of paddlefish seeds in ponds of the Forest-steppe and Polesye of Ukraine. Practical value. The study results are part of the database for the development of improved technologies for sturgeon breeding in Ukraine. Key words: paddlefish, fish seeds, pond aquaculture, fish wintering, environmental conditions, piscicultural parameters.

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Association of gene polymorphisms with body weight changes in prediabetic patients

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1063080/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Farida V. Valeeva ◽

Mariya S. Medvedeva ◽

Kamilya B. Khasanova ◽

Elena V. Valeeva ◽

Tatyana A. Kiseleva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Bioelectrical Impedance ◽

Impedance Analysis ◽

Diet Therapy ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Body Weight Changes ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Recent research has demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) risk is influenced by a number of common polymorphisms, including rs17782313 MC4R, rs1801282 PPARG, and rs7903146 TCF7L2. Knowledge of the association between these SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) and body weight changes in different forms of prediabetes treatment is still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of polymorphisms within the MC4R, PPARG, TCF7L2 genes on the risk of carbohydrate metabolism disorders and body composition changes in overweight or obese patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Methods and Results: From 327 patients, a subgroup of 81 prediabetic female patients (48.7±14.8 years) of Eastern European descent participated in a 3-month study comprised of diet therapy or diet therapy accompanied with metformin treatment. Bioelectrical impedance analysis and genotyping of rs17782313 MC4R, rs7903146 TCF7L2, rs1801282 PPARG were performed. The MC4R CC and TCF7L2 TT genotypes were associated with increased risk of T2D (OR=1.46, p=0.05 and OR=2.47, p=0.006, respectively). PPARG СС homozygotes experienced increased weight loss; however, no additional improvements were experienced with the addition of metformin. MC4R ТТ homozygotes who took metformin alongside dietary intervention experienced increased weight loss and reductions in fat mass (p<0.05).Conclusions: We confirmed the previous association of the MC4R C and TCF7L2 T alleles with T2D risk. The obesity-protective alleles (MC4R T and PPARG C) were positively associated with weight loss efficiency.

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