scholarly journals The Power of Packaging: A Scoping Review and Assessment of Child-Targeted Food Packaging

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Elliott ◽  
Emily Truman
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Food Marketing ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Product Packaging ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Cartoon Characters ◽  
High Level

Child-targeted food marketing is a significant public health concern, prompting calls for its regulation. Product packaging is a powerful form of food marketing aimed at children, yet no published studies examine the range of literature on the topic or the “power” of its marketing techniques. This study attempts such a task. Providing a systematic scoping review of the literature on child-targeted food packaging, we assesses the nutritional profile of these foods, the types of foods examined, and the creative strategies used to attract children. Fifty-seven full text articles were reviewed. Results identify high level trends in methodological approaches (content analysis, 38%), outcomes measured (exposure, 44%) and with respect to age. Studies examining the nutritional profile of child-targeted packaged foods use various models, classifying from anywhere from 41% to 97% of products as unhealthy. Content analyses track the prevalence of child-targeted techniques (cartoon characters as the most frequently measured), while other studies assess their effectiveness. Overall, this scoping review offers important insights into the differences between techniques tracked and those measured for effectiveness in existing literature, and identifies gaps for future research around the question of persuasive power—particularly when it comes to children’s age and the specific types of techniques examined.

scholarly journals Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of the First Wave From Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buddha Bahadur Basnet ◽  
Kiran Bishwakarma ◽  
Ramesh Raj Pant ◽  
Santosh Dhakal ◽  
Nashib Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Significant Public Health Concern ◽  
Hilly Region ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
Male To Female

Unprecedented and unforeseen highly infectious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant public health concern for most of the countries worldwide, including Nepal, and it is spreading rapidly. Undoubtedly, every nation has taken maximum initiative measures to break the transmission chain of the virus. This review presents a retrospective analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, analyzing the actions taken by the Government of Nepal (GoN) to inform future decisions. Data used in this article were extracted from relevant reports and websites of the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) of Nepal and the WHO. As of January 22, 2021, the highest numbers of cases were reported in the megacity of the hilly region, Kathmandu district (population = 1,744,240), and Bagmati province. The cured and death rates of the disease among the tested population are ~98.00 and ~0.74%, respectively. Higher numbers of infected cases were observed in the age group 21–30, with an overall male to female death ratio of 2.33. With suggestions and recommendations from high-level coordination committees and experts, GoN has enacted several measures: promoting universal personal protection, physical distancing, localized lockdowns, travel restrictions, isolation, and selective quarantine. In addition, GoN formulated and distributed several guidelines/protocols for managing COVID-19 patients and vaccination programs. Despite robust preventive efforts by GoN, pandemic scenario in Nepal is, yet, to be controlled completely. This review could be helpful for the current and future effective outbreak preparedness, responses, and management of the pandemic situations and prepare necessary strategies, especially in countries with similar socio-cultural and economic status.

Barriers to Help Seeking among Victims of Elder Abuse: A Scoping Review and Implications for Public Health Policy in Canada

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jessica K. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Informal Networks ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Effective Assessment

Abstract Elder abuse is a serious public health concern requiring immediate intervention; however, the under-reporting of elder abuse by victims to formal and informal networks remains a major obstacle. This scoping review aims to identify barriers to help seeking that older adults experiencing abuse confront. The goal is to inform public policies and practices in the Canadian context and identify research gaps in the extant literature. Seven scholarly databases were searched from which 12 articles met the inclusion criteria and were extracted for analysis. The findings from this scoping review revealed three levels at which barriers exist: individual focused, abuser/family focused, and community/culture focused barriers. The results suggest that there are several complex obstacles that older adults face when contemplating disclosure of abuse. Future research into help seeking in the Canadian context should more readily incorporate the voices of elder abuse victim-survivors to develop effective assessment strategies and responsive service provisions.

scholarly journals Vision Evaluation Tools for Adults With Acquired Brain Injury: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 000841742110429
Author(s):  
Camille Dubé ◽  
Yu Jin ◽  
Brienne G. Powers ◽  
Ginny Li ◽  
Amélie Labelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evaluation Tools ◽  
Visual Deficits ◽  
Visual Skills ◽  
High Level

Background. Unrecognized visual deficits (VDs) following an acquired brain injury (ABI) may impact clients’ rehabilitation. Little is known about evaluation tools used in vision rehabilitation. Purpose. To systematically explore the literature describing evaluation tools used for VD on adults with ABI. Method. Using a scoping review methodology, we searched in MEDLINE(Ovid), Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and the grey literature from inception to 2020. Quantitative and thematic analyses were performed. Findings. Of the 83 studies reporting on 86 evaluation tools, 47% used multiple tools to assess VD. Tools were mostly used by occupational therapists and psychologists to evaluate intermediate, intermediate to high, and high-level visual skills. Clinicians tend to select specific tools that focus on different levels of the hierarchy of visual skills. Implications. Future research should investigate the optimal timeframe for assessment of VD and the psychometric properties of tools to ensure comprehensive VD evaluation.

Exploring Intimate Partner Violence in Polynesia: A Scoping Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Heard ◽  
Lisa Fitzgerald ◽  
Maxine Whittaker ◽  
Sina Va’ai ◽  
Allyson Mutch
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Formal Leadership

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major, global public health concern with significant impacts, particularly for women, worldwide. There is an immediate need to develop comprehensive understandings of the complex drivers of this multifaceted issue in diverse cultural and social contexts. This scoping review used a systematic approach to gather a broad scope of peer-reviewed, publisher-controlled, and gray literature investigating IPV in Polynesia, a region of the Pacific experiencing high rates of IPV. A total of 181 articles were identified through a comprehensive search that included five cross-disciplinary databases; government, intergovernmental, and nongovernment websites; and consultation with community organizations. Thirty-three articles met the inclusion criteria related to IPV in a Polynesian country or community abroad and were included in this review. Narrative synthesis, which included summarizing and sorting key findings into common themes, was conducted to provide an overview of what is currently known about IPV in Polynesia and Polynesian communities living aboard. Key themes, which arose from the data analysis included: high prevalence of IPV, attitudes supporting IPV, urbanization and migration, traditional protective factors, and formal leadership and laws. The paucity of rigorous literature highlights an immediate need for IPV prevention research and intervention within Polynesian communities. This review includes a discussion of the limitations of this small body of literature and makes recommendations for future research, policy, and program development to include intersectionality in order to deepen understandings and enhance inclusive and meaningful intervention and policy implementation.

scholarly journals Current issues facing disaster nursing education in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duaa Brinjee ◽  
Abdulellah Al Thobaity ◽  
Waleed Al Ahmari ◽  
Mohammed Almalki
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Information Center ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background: : An important aspect of disaster preparedness for nurses is that they be ready to respond with a high level of competence. This scoping review aimed to identify current issues related to the education and training of disaster nurses in Saudi Arabia.Methods: This scoping review was conducted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. The search involved several different databases in the Saudi Digital Library (SDL), including CINAHL, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley, and the Education Resources Information Center (ERIC). The search keywords were “disaster,” “nursing,” “education,” “training,” “knowledge,” and “preparedness.” In addition, specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to narrow down the search to only relevant articles. Results: Several gaps in the education of disaster nurses were found in the review, which can be summarized in five different domains: insufficient simulations and drills, inadequate education programs, a lack of formal education, difficulty following guidelines, and difficulty accessing up-to-date educational resources.Conclusion: It is imperative that the highlighted issues related to disaster nursing education in Saudi Arabia be addressed to further develop the educational system in this regard. Future research should aim to determine how to address these issues to enhance the performance of nurses during disaster situations.

scholarly journals Approaches to Understanding and Addressing Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Scoping Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Jenkins ◽  
Elliot M. Goldner
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Significant Disability ◽  
Resistant Depression

Treatment-resistant depression is associated with significant disability and, due to its high prevalence, results in substantive economic and societal burden at a population level. The objective of this study is to synthesize extant literature on approaches currently being applied to understand and address this condition. It is hoped that the findings can be used to inform practitioners and guide future research. A scoping review of the scientific literature was conducted with findings categorized and charted by underlying research paradigm. Currently, the vast majority of research stems from a biological paradigm (81%). Research on treatment-resistant depression would benefit from a broadened field of study. Given that multiple etiological mechanisms likely contribute to treatment-resistant depression and current efforts at prevention and treatment have substantial room for improvement, an expanded research agenda could more effectively address this significant public health issue.

scholarly journals Mapping Evidence on the Management of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Teleophthalmology to Complement Human Resources for Eye Health: A Scoping Review Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Thembile Zikhali ◽  
Zamadonda Nokuthula Xulu-Kasaba
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Ebsco Host ◽  
Meta Analyses

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working adults, and remains a serious public health concern, globally. Whilst extensive research has been done in this area, the prevention of diabetic retinopathy is still very poor. Attributing factors in previous studies have included shortage of Human Resources for Eye Health in primary health centres, and a shortage of technology and skill in most countries. In some countries, teleophthalmology has been introduced to assist in the management of diabetic retinopathy by capacitating Eye Health professionals in primary health care settings since diabetes is diagnosed at this level. Where implemented, management of diabetic retinopathy through teleophthalmology has further contributed to reduction in preventable blindness while minimizing turnaround times as patients no longer have to wait for an Ophthalmologist appointment. The main objective of this scoping review is to map evidence on the use of teleophthalmology in the management of diabetic retinopathy globally. METHODS & ANALYSIS: Methodology will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley scoping review framework. We will search for literature from the following EBSCO Host databases: MEDLINE, Health source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Health source – Consumer, CINAHL and Academic Search Complete. PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct will also be searched for studies. Where articles are not accessible online, the author will be contacted for the article, failing which the University of KwaZulu-Natal library services will be asked for assistance. The literature search will be done for the period from January 2014 to October 2019 where all studies in English will be accepted. After the initial search, title, abstract and full text screening will be conducted by two independent reviewers. To assess the methodological rigour of included studies, the Mixed Method Appraisal tool (MMAT) 2018 will be used. Study results will be presented using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) chart. DISCUSSION: It is anticipated that this scoping review will identify suitable literature on diabetic retinopathy and its management through teleophthalmology. The findings of this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and information summarized will be used to guide future research.

scholarly journals Arbovirus Vectors of Epidemiological Concern in the Americas: A Scoping Review of Entomological Studies on Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya Virus Vectors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reilly Jones ◽  
Manisha A. Kulkarni ◽  
Thomas M. V. Davidson ◽  
Benoit Talbot ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors

AbstractBackgroundThree arthorpod-borne viruses (arboviruses) causing human disease have been the focus of a large number of studies in the Americas since 2013 due to their global spread and epidemiological impacts: Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses. A large proportion of infections by these viruses are asymptomatic. However, all three viruses are associated with moderate to severe health consequences in a small proportion of cases. Two mosquito species, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are among the world’s most prominent arboviral vectors, and are known primary vectors for all three viruses in the Americas.ObjectivesThis review summarizes the state of the entomological literature surrounding the biology and ecology of vectors of Zika, dengue and chikungunya viruses and factors affecting virus transmission. The rationale of the review was to elucidate consensus and discord between studies, and guide future research based on identified knowledge gaps.ResultsA total of 196 studies were included in the scoping review after initial screening and subsequent exclusion of out-of-scope studies, secondary data publications, duplicate records, and studies unavailable in English language.Key findingsTemperature and humidity have the strongest impact on mosquito distribution and dynamics, development of immatures and arborviral infection rates. Low socioeconomic status and related factors, including poor infrastructure, inconsistent access to water, and high household resident density, have been consistently associated with arbovirus vector occurrence. Effects of interspecific competition on arboviral vector species is currently poorly understood. Vector competence for Zika virus is well established for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Information on Zika virus vector transmission dynamics is sparse in contrast to the wealth of research available for dengue and chikungunya viruses.ConclusionsBased on the internationally recognized urgency of Zika virus infection as a public health concern, further research on arbovirus vectors and transmission dynamics is of pressing need.

scholarly journals Nutritional Quality and Degree of Processing of Children’s Foods Assessment on the French Market

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
Celine Richonnet ◽  
Françoise Mosser ◽  
Elisabeth Favre ◽  
Martine Robert ◽  
Françoise Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Food Stores ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Nutritional Profile ◽  
Profile Model ◽  
System 2 ◽  
Cartoon Characters ◽  
Group D

Food packaging marketing techniques which appeal to children (such as cartoon characters and brand mascots) affect children’s choices, preferences, and eating habits. Several studies have assessed the nutritional quality of food intended to children in various countries and concluded that most were high in fat, salt, and sugar (HFSS) and ultra-processed foods. The aim of this study is to analyse products intended for children over the age of 3 (foods and beverages with relevant marketing elements on the packaging) available on the French market as regards: (1) nutritional quality, based on the Nutri-Score labelling system, (2) compliance with expected nutritional profile suitable for children, according to the criteria of the WHO Europe Nutrient Profile Model, and (3) degree of processing, as defined by the NOVA classification, from packaging collected in 20 stores (hyper/supermarkets, hard-discount retail chains, and organic food stores). The marketing strategies most often used on children’s products are cartoons (97.22%; n = 1120) and mascots (77.78%; n = 896). A total of 1155 products were included in the study, most of which were sugary foods: almost a quarter of the products in the sample (23.81%; n = 275) list a sweetener as the first ingredient, and most of them (89.52%; n = 1034) contain free sugars according to the WHO definition. All the products included in our study feature marketing elements targeting on the packaging, yet 94.88% do not meet the criteria of the WHO Europe Nutrient Profile Model. Most (58.68%; n = 676) belong to Nutri-Score groups D and E, with the highest proportion in group D (39.32%; n = 453) and are ultra-processed (87.97%; n = 1016), especially through the use of flavourings and ultra-processed sugars. Using the Nutri-Score, the WHO Europe Nutrient Profile Model, and the NOVA classification, this study suggests that a significant share of pre-packaged foods marketed to children do not have an adequate nutritional profile. As such, measures are needed to regulate what marketing elements aimed at children can be included on packaging, based on these criteria.

scholarly journals 1238 Surgical Management of Chronic Osteomyelitis of the Femur and Tibia: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Arshad ◽  
E J S Lau ◽  
A Aslam ◽  
A Thahir ◽  
M Krkovic
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Space Management ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
High Level ◽  
Full Text Screening

Abstract Aim This scoping review aims to map and summarise the literature on treatment of chronic femoral and tibial osteomyelitis, in order to enhance the reader’s understanding of potential treatment options, whilst also identifying areas of future research Method This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework of the Joanna Briggs institute. A computer-based search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Emcare and CINAHL, for articles reporting treatment of chronic tibial/femoral osteomyelitis. Title/abstract and full text screening was performed independently by two reviewers according to pre-defined criteria. Results A total of 1223 articles were identified, with 40 studies, involving 2,489 patients being finally included. A range of treatments are reported, with the key reported principles being removal of infected tissue, dead-space management and antibiotic therapy. The majority (76.2%) of patients presented with stage III or IV disease according to the Cierny-Mader classification and the most commonly cultured pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus. The proportion of patients achieving remission with no recurrence during follow up varies from 72.0% - 100.0%. Conclusions The majority of studies report excellent outcomes in terms of infection remission and lack of recurrence. However, using the current literature to identify specific patient and treatment related factors which may affect treatment results is challenging due to a number of potential confounding factors. Further high-level research such as randomized control trials and comparative studies are required to achieve this.

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