scholarly journals Individual Differences in Thresholds and Consumer Preferences for Rotundone Added to Red Wine

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Gaby ◽  
Alyssa J. Bakke ◽  
Allison N. Baker ◽  
Helene Hopfer ◽  
John E. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Specific Anosmia ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Future Work ◽  
North American Cohort

Rotundone is an aromatic compound found in the skin of some grapes (e.g., Shiraz, Noiret) that contributes peppery notes to wines made with these varieties. There may be a specific anosmia for rotundone, as some individuals are unable to detect it even at high concentrations, despite otherwise normal olfaction. This may affect perception of and preference for rotundone-containing wines. Here, we report rotundone detection thresholds (orthonasal n = 56; retronasal n = 53) and rejection thresholds (n = 86) in red wine for a convenience sample of non-expert consumers in Pennsylvania. Focus groups were conducted to better understand consumer attitudes and preferences for rotundone. Ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds were nearly identical (140 v. 146 ng/L). Roughly 40% of our sample was anosmic to rotundone, extending evidence for a specific anosmia to a North American cohort. As ortho- and retronasal thresholds were extremely similar, future work on rotundone can rely on orthonasal assessment. In our participants, added rotundone was generally disliked, and in focus groups, the concept of a ‘peppery’ wine was not appealing. Winemakers need to carefully consider biological and attitudinal segmentation when making and marketing peppery wines. Further work is needed to identify the genetic basis for this anosmia.

Potential Role of Inflammation in Associations between Particulate Matter and Heart Failure

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Ji ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Guangke Li ◽  
Nan Sang
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Relationship

Recently, numerous studies have found that particulate matter (PM) exposure is correlated with increased hospitalization and mortality from heart failure (HF). In addition to problems with circulation, HF patients often display high expression of cytokines in the failing heart. Thus, as a recurring heart problem, HF is thought to be a disorder characterized in part by the inflammatory response. In this review, we intend to discuss the relationship between PM exposure and HF that is based on inflammatory mechanism and to provide a comprehensive, updated evaluation of the related studies. Epidemiological studies on PM-induced heart diseases are focused on high concentrations of PM, high pollutant load exposure in winter, or susceptible groups with heart diseases, etc. Furthermore, it appears that the relationship between fine or ultrafine PM and HF is stronger than that between HF and coarse PM. However, fewer studies paid attention to PM components. As for experimental studies, it is worth noting that coarse PM may indirectly promote the inflammatory response in the heart through systematic circulation of cytokines produced primarily in the lungs, while ultrafine PM and its components can enter circulation and further induce inflammation directly in the heart. In terms of PM exposure and enhanced inflammation during the pathogenesis of HF, this article reviews the following mechanisms: hemodynamics, oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and epigenetic regulation. However, many problems are still unsolved, and future work will be needed to clarify the complex biologic mechanisms and to identify the specific components of PM responsible for adverse effects on heart health.

scholarly journals Self-Rated Aversion to Taste Qualities and the PROP Taster Phenotype Associate with Alcoholic Beverage Intake and Preference

Beverages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Gary J. Pickering ◽  
Margaret K. Thibodeau
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Sensory Attributes ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Beverage Type

Consumers often identify “taste” as an important factor when selecting alcoholic beverages. Although it is assumed that reduced alcohol consumption in PROP super-tasters is due to a greater dislike of the nominally aversive sensations that they experience more intensely (e.g., bitterness) when compared to PROP non-tasters, this question has not been specifically asked to them. Therefore, we examined consumers’ self-reported aversion towards specific sensory attributes (bitter, hot/burn, dry, sour, sweet, carbonation) for four alcoholic beverage types (white wine, red wine, beer, spirits) using a convenience sample of U.S. wine consumers (n = 925). Participants rated 18 statements describing different combinations of sensory attributes and alcoholic beverages on a 5-point Likert scale (e.g., Beer tastes too bitter for me). Individuals who tended to agree more strongly with the statements (i.e., they were more averse; p(F) < 0.05) tended to (i) consume less of all beverage types, (ii) consume a higher proportion of white wine (p(r) < 0.05), and (iii) were more likely to be female or PROP super-tasters. The results suggest that self-reported aversion to specific sensory attributes is associated with not only lower overall intake of alcoholic beverages, but also a shift in the relative proportions of beverage type consumed; a key finding for studies investigating how taste perception impacts alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Multifaceted Approach to Resveratrol Bioactivity: Focus on Antioxidant Action, Cell Signaling and Safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kovacic ◽  
Ratnasamy Somanathan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Future Work

Resveratrol (RVT) is a naturally occurring trihydroxy stilbene that displays a wide spectrum of physiological activity. Its ability to behave therapeutically as a component of red wine has attracted wide attention. The phenol acts as a protective agent involving various body constituents. Most attention has been given to beneficial effects in insults involving cancer, aging, cardiovascular system, inflammation and the central nervous system. One of the principal modes of action appears to be as antioxidant. Other mechanistic pathways entail cell signaling, apoptosis and gene expression. There is an intriguing dichotomy in relation to pro-oxidant property. Also discussed are metabolism, receptor binding, rationale for safety and suggestions for future work. This is the first comprehensive review of RVT based on a broad, unifying mechanism.

L'adesione allo screening del tumore colorettale nell'Ausl di Cesena: metodologie di intervento

2009 ◽  
pp. 179-189
Author(s):  
Laura Briganti ◽  
Mauro Palazzi ◽  
Mirna Severi
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Prevention ◽  
Local Agencies ◽  
Future Work

- In March 2005 the Emilia Romagna region started a screening for the colorectal cancer prevention. Over a period of 2 years, all the target population of the region, between 50 and 69 years old, was asked to undergo a screening of their faeces. Within the Cesena Ausl, 36% of the target population replied to the call, against a regional average percentage estimated at 46%. As a result, a co-operation with the 4 local agencies dealing with cancers was started in Cesena Ausl. This was done in order to increase the compliance of the target population and it involved: ACISTOM, ARRT, IOR, LILT and Assiprov. This work was carried out through an analysis of the phenomenon, the organization of conferences, focus groups and other communicative activities for the population. After 2 years of work, the compliance in September 2008 was estimated to have increased up to 48% and is believed to be improving furthermore throughout the implementation of future work.Key words: screening, prevention, colorectal cancer, style of life, well-being promotion, action ResearchParole chiave: screening, prevenzione, tumore colorettale, stili di vita, promozione del benessere, ricerca intervento

An investigation of rainwater tanks quality and sediment dynamics

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.I. Magyar ◽  
V.G. Mitchell ◽  
A.R. Ladson ◽  
C. Diaper
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sediment Resuspension ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Supply Systems ◽  
Rainwater Tanks

Rainwater tanks are being introduced into urban areas in Australia to supplement centralised potable supply systems. A pilot scale tank study and a full-scale field tank study found that heavy metal concentrations in water samples taken from the tank's supply point can, in some cases, exceed levels recommended by guidelines. Both studies also found very high concentrations of heavy metals in the sediments accumulated at the base of rainwater tanks. Laboratory experiments are underway to investigate sediment transport processes within a full-scale tank. Preliminary results demonstrate the effect of sediment resuspension on the quality of water released from the tank outlet. Improved tank designs that reduce sediment resuspension and mitigate impacts on water quality are the focus of future work.

Factors Influencing the Rate-of-Pickling Test on Tin-Plate Steel★

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. HUDSON ◽  
G. L. STRAGAND
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Lag Time ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Future Work

Abstract “Lag time” is a measure of the time of pickling necessary to produce a constant rate of weight loss from steel immersed in acid. This measurement has been used as a guide for improving the corrosion resistance of commercial electrolytic tin plate. It is determined by measuring either the rate of change of weight loss, hydrogen evolution, or corroding potential of a specimen in 6N hydrochloric acid at 90 C (194 F.) The lag time depends on surface effects inasmuch as removing the surface layers of steel by abrasion or by pickling destroys the lag. The influence of box-annealing atmospheres, cleanliness of steel, and time-temperature cycles on lag time have been investigated, and the complexity of these effects has been demonstrated. Explanations in terms of oxidation or decarburization of the steel surface during annealing are not feasible for the development of lag time under all the experimental conditions studied. Preliminary data demonstrating the high concentrations of certain elements on the steel surface before annealing, and the enrichment of the surface layer by some of these elements during annealing, are suggested as particularly promising areas for future work. In this way lag time phenomena in tin-plate steels may be better understood and further improvement in tin-plate corrosion resistance can be made. 2.3.4

scholarly journals Health and social concerns about living in three communities affected by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): A qualitative study in Australia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245141
Author(s):  
Cathy Banwell ◽  
Tambri Housen ◽  
Kayla Smurthwaite ◽  
Susan Trevenar ◽  
Liz Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
First Nations ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Postal Services ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Nations People

Background Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) is a public health issue globally. In Australia high concentrations of PFAS have been found in environments close to sites where Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFF) were historically used for firefighting activities. This has resulted in significant community concern about the potential long-term health effects of these chemicals. Objective We describe residents’ perceptions and experiences of PFAS in three regional Australian towns where exposure has occurred. Methods We conducted focus groups to generate free-flowing open discussion on PFAS in three affected communities, including some with significant numbers of First Nations Peoples. We recruited participants using a range of media outlets and postal services. Focus group transcripts were analysed thematically to identify major shared concerns using Atlas Ti. Results One hundred and eighty residents attended fifteen focus groups that were conducted in the three communities. They included 69 First Nations People living in three communities near the town of Katherine in the Northern Territory. Study participants were concerned about potential physical health effects of exposure to PFAS, such as cancer clusters, unexplained deaths, potential exacerbation of existing health conditions, and the future health of their children. They expressed feelings of stress and anxiety about living with uncertainty related to the possible health and the socio-economic impacts of PFAS contamination in their communities. Conclusion While research has concentrated on the physical health effects of PFAS, more attention needs to be given to the immediate psychosocial impacts of living in an affected community.

scholarly journals Strategies of Caregivers for Encouraging Consumption of Small Quantity Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement in 7 to 24-Month Old Children in Morelos, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 813-813
Author(s):  
Anabelle Bonvecchio ◽  
Selene Pacheco Miranda ◽  
Mónica Venosa ◽  
Cloe Rawlinson ◽  
Harriet Okronipa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Global Alliance ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Nutrient Supplement ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sustained Use ◽  
Infants And Young Children

Abstract Objectives Small quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement (SQ-LNS) are widely used in the treatment for malnutrition among infants and young children during complementary feeding. However, its acceptability by the children is frequently mothers concern. We aimed to identify strategies used by caregivers to encourage consumption of SQ-LNS in 7–24 month-old children in Morelos, Mexico. Methods We conducted a 14-day home feeding trial with a convenience sample of 62 caregivers of children aged 7–24 months in semi-urban communities of Morelos, Mexico. Caregivers were instructed to offer children a daily a sachet of 20-g portion of the assigned version SQ-LNS mixed with 30 g of a food commonly fed to the children. After the trial, we conducted 6 focus groups with 24 caregivers to explore their experience with the use of SQ-LNS. The main topics of the focus group guide include general perception of the supplement and the acceptability of the child and the strategies to improve consumption of children that refused the supplement. The focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded by two researchers using constant comparison method. We used Nvivo 12 to conduct the analysis. Results As some children refused SQ-LNS, caregivers used strategies to promote trying, eating some or the whole portion of the supplement. We grouped these strategies in 5 categories: i.Mixing the supplement with foods that masked the taste and/or consistencyii.Testing new ways of preparing the supplement (alone or mixing it with food to offer variety)iii.Trying various feeding practices (e.g., force feeding, self-feeding, requesting other members of the family to feed the child)iv.Offering the supplement at different points in time (e.g., as a snack, as part of lunch, after nape time, etc.)v.Other strategies (e.g., playing games, distracting children, making threats) The strategies did not vary by type of supplement. Conclusions Counseling and communication campaigns that anticipate these strategies to caregivers and include responsive feeding are needed in supplementation programs to contribute to improve acceptability and sustained use of the product. Funding Sources Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN).

scholarly journals Adherence of older emergency department patients to community-based specialized geriatric services

CJEM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-666
Author(s):  
Zachary MacDonald ◽  
Ian G. Stiell ◽  
Ioanna Genovezos ◽  
Debra Eagles
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Cognitively Impaired ◽  
Study Participation ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Included Patient ◽  
Emergency Department Patients ◽  
Future Work

ABSTRACTObjectivesOur objective was to determine emergency department (ED) patient adherence to outpatient specialized geriatric services (SGS) following ED evaluation by the geriatric emergency management (GEM) nurse, and identify barriers and facilitators to attendance.MethodsWe conducted a prospective cohort study at two academic EDs between July and December 2016, enrolling a convenience sample of patients ≥ 65 years, seen by a GEM nurse, referred to outpatient SGS, and consented to study participation. We completed a chart review and a structured telephone follow-up at 6 weeks. Descriptive statistics were used.ResultsWe enrolled 103/285 eligible patients (86 eligible but not enrolled, 86 declined specialized geriatric referrals, and 10 declined study participation). Patients were mean age of 83.1 years, 59.2% female, and 73.2% cognitively impaired. Reasons for referral included mobility (86.4%), cognition (56.3%), pain (38.8%), mood (35.0%), medications (33.0%), and nutrition (31.1%). Referrals were to Geriatric Day Hospital (GDH) programs (50.5%), geriatric outreach (26.2%), falls clinic (12.6%), and geriatric psychiatry (8.7%). Adherence with follow-up was 59.2%. Barriers to attendance included patient did not feel SGS were needed (52.1%), inability to recall GEM consultation (53.4%), and dependence on family for transportation (72.6%). Home-based assessments had the highest adherence (81.5%).ConclusionAdherence of older ED patients referred by the GEM team to SGS is suboptimal, and a large proportion of patients decline these referrals in the ED. Future work should examine the efficacy of home-based assessments in a larger confirmatory setting and focus on interventions to increase referral acceptance and address barriers to attendance.

Relationships between skatole and androstenone in Large White and Meishan pigs

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 186-186
Author(s):  
F.W. Whittington ◽  
E. Doran ◽  
J.D. McGivan ◽  
J.D. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Large White ◽  
Offensive Odour ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Entire Male

Boar taint is an offensive odour and flavour in the meat from some (perhaps 0.05) entire male pigs. It occurs when high concentrations of skatole and androstenone are reached in fat tissue. Boar taint is more common in some breeds than others and as part of an investigation into its genetic basis (Doranet al., 2001), we have studied skatole, androstenone and testosterone relationships in Large White and Meishan cross bred pigs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document