scholarly journals Multifaceted Approach to Resveratrol Bioactivity: Focus on Antioxidant Action, Cell Signaling and Safety

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kovacic ◽  
Ratnasamy Somanathan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Future Work

Resveratrol (RVT) is a naturally occurring trihydroxy stilbene that displays a wide spectrum of physiological activity. Its ability to behave therapeutically as a component of red wine has attracted wide attention. The phenol acts as a protective agent involving various body constituents. Most attention has been given to beneficial effects in insults involving cancer, aging, cardiovascular system, inflammation and the central nervous system. One of the principal modes of action appears to be as antioxidant. Other mechanistic pathways entail cell signaling, apoptosis and gene expression. There is an intriguing dichotomy in relation to pro-oxidant property. Also discussed are metabolism, receptor binding, rationale for safety and suggestions for future work. This is the first comprehensive review of RVT based on a broad, unifying mechanism.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Piceatannol, an Oxygenated Analog of Resveratrol

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601100
Author(s):  
Takuya Tashiro ◽  
Shinobu Honzawa ◽  
Takumichi Sugihara
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cross Coupling Reaction ◽  
Trans Stilbene ◽  
Acid Catalyzed

Piceatannol (3,3′,4,5′-tetrahydroxy- trans-stilbene, 2), an oxygenated analog of resveratrol (1), was synthesized. It is one of the naturally occurring polyphenolic stilbenoids contained in red wine, and possesses many kinds of beneficial effects such as anticancer activity. The trans-stilbene skeleton of 2 was constructed by Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction of triflate 8 with ( E)-alkenylboronoate 13. The key intermediate 13 was prepared diastereoselectively by acid-catalyzed hydroboration of pinacolborane 12 to alkyne 11.

scholarly journals In vitro glucuronidation of trans-Piceid and trans-Piceatannol by human liver microsomes

OENO One ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Caroline Henry-Vitrac ◽  
Thomas Richard ◽  
Alexis Desmoulière ◽  
Jean-Pierre Monti ◽  
Jean-Michel Mérillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Liver ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Human Liver Microsomes ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
First Time

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong> : The aim of the present investigation was to establish glucuronidation of trans-resveratrol derivates in the liver. Stilbenes are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds which have been reported to have potential preventive activities in human diseases. Trans-stilbenes, mainly found in grapes and red wine, are important in terms of biological activities. However, little is known about the metabolism of these compounds in human.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong> : The glucuronoconjugation of stilbenes was investigated using human liver microsomes and the structure of new metabolites was characterized by LC-MS and proton NMR. For the first time, the structure of the metabolites of trans-piceid and trans-piceatannol was established. The reaction led to the formation of two glucuronides for trans-piceid and three for trans-piceatannol.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: This study is of particular relevance since the phenolic substances of red wine (especially stilbenes) might be responsible for the potential beneficial effects of moderate and regular wine consumption.</p>

Ethanolamine: A Potential Promoiety with Additional Effects in the Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asfree Gwanyanya ◽  
Christie Nicole Godsmark ◽  
Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Cell Signaling ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Bioactive Molecule ◽  
Positive Functions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: Ethanolamine is a bioactive molecule found in several cells, including those in the central nervous system (CNS). In the brain, ethanolamine and ethanolamine-related molecules have emerged as prodrug moieties that can promote drug movement across the blood-brain barrier. This improvement in the ability to target drugs to the brain may also mean that in the process ethanolamine concentrations in the brain are increased enough for ethanolamine to exert its own neurological ac-tions. Ethanolamine and its associated products have various positive functions ranging from cell signaling to molecular storage, and alterations in their levels have been linked to neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. This mini-review focuses on the effects of ethanolamine in the CNS and highlights the possible implications of these effects for drug design.

Diosgenin: Therapeutic Action, Pharmacology and Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15
Author(s):  
Sanasam Sanjeev ◽  
◽  
Maibam Sunita Devi ◽  
Khushboo Maurya ◽  
Vikas Kumar Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Herbal Product ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Action ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Diosgenin [25R-spriost-5-en-3þ-ol], is an important steroidal metabolite found in various plant species. The discovery of diosgenin has made it one of the most researched and studied herbal product. Moreover, there is excellent opportunity to address whether diosgenin plays a role in chemoprevention versus therapy, or both. However, rigorous experimental based evidence in support of ethnomedicine-derived notions would lead to the development of products relevant to drug development. The health beneficial effects of diosgenin are further extended to its potential role to treat other ailments such as HIV and hepatitis-C infections as well as liver diseases. There is little information regarding the bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of diosgenin in relation to its health beneficial effects. It has been reported to have wide spectrum of biological properties that contributes to several diseases in its role as a health beneficial phytochemical by citing new studies.

scholarly journals Neural Stem Cells: What Happens When They Go Viral?

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Yashika S. Kamte ◽  
Manisha N. Chandwani ◽  
Alexa C. Michaels ◽  
Lauren A. O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Multipotent Progenitor Cells ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
The Brain

Viruses that infect the central nervous system (CNS) are associated with developmental abnormalities as well as neuropsychiatric and degenerative conditions. Many of these viruses such as Zika virus (ZIKV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV) demonstrate tropism for neural stem cells (NSCs). NSCs are the multipotent progenitor cells of the brain that have the ability to form neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Viral infections often alter the function of NSCs, with profound impacts on the growth and repair of the brain. There are a wide spectrum of effects on NSCs, which differ by the type of virus, the model system, the cell types studied, and the age of the host. Thus, it is a challenge to predict and define the consequences of interactions between viruses and NSCs. The purpose of this review is to dissect the mechanisms by which viruses can affect survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs. This review also sheds light on the contribution of key antiviral cytokines in the impairment of NSC activity during a viral infection, revealing a complex interplay between NSCs, viruses, and the immune system.

scholarly journals Nanostructure, Self-Assembly, Mechanical Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of a Lupin-Derived Peptide Hydrogel

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Raffaele Pugliese ◽  
Anna Arnoldi ◽  
Carmen Lammi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Cd Spectroscopy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
New Research ◽  
Peptide Hydrogel

Naturally occurring food peptides are frequently used in the life sciences due to their beneficial effects through their impact on specific biochemical pathways. Furthermore, they are often leveraged for applications in areas as diverse as bioengineering, medicine, agriculture, and even fashion. However, progress toward understanding their self-assembling properties as functional materials are often hindered by their long aromatic and charged residue-enriched sequences encrypted in the parent protein sequence. In this study, we elucidate the nanostructure and the hierarchical self-assembly propensity of a lupin-derived peptide which belongs to the α-conglutin (11S globulin, legumin-like protein), with a straightforward N-terminal biotinylated oligoglycine tag-based methodology for controlling the nanostructures, biomechanics, and biological features. Extensive characterization was performed via Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), rheological measurements, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analyses. By using the biotin tag, we obtained a thixotropic lupin-derived peptide hydrogel (named BT13) with tunable mechanical properties (from 2 to 11 kPa), without impairing its spontaneous formation of β-sheet secondary structures. Lastly, we demonstrated that this hydrogel has antioxidant activity. Altogether, our findings address multiple challenges associated with the development of naturally occurring food peptide-based hydrogels, offering a new tool to both fine tune the mechanical properties and tailor the antioxidant activities, providing new research directions across food chemistry, biochemistry, and bioengineering.

scholarly journals Mild Clinical Presentation of Joubert Syndrome in a Male Adult Carrying Biallelic MKS1 Truncating Variants

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218
Author(s):  
Raffaella Brunetti-Pierri ◽  
Marianthi Karali ◽  
Francesco Testa ◽  
Gerarda Cappuccio ◽  
Maria Elena Onore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Disease Spectrum ◽  
Male Individual ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Pathogenic variants in the MKS1 gene are responsible for a ciliopathy with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from Meckel and Joubert syndrome (JBTS) to Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and involving the central nervous system, liver, kidney, skeleton, and retina. We report a 39-year-old male individual presenting with isolated Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), as assessed by full ophthalmological evaluation including Best-Corrected Visual Acuity measurements, fundus examination, Goldmann Visual Field test, and full-field Electroretinography. A clinical exome identified biallelic nonsense variants in MKS1 that prompted post-genotyping investigations for systemic abnormalities of ciliopathy. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed malformations of the posterior cranial fossa with the ‘molar tooth sign’ and cerebellar folia dysplasia, which are both distinctive features of JBTS. No other organ or skeletal abnormalities were detected. This case illustrates the power of clinical exome for the identification of the mildest forms of a disease spectrum, such as a mild JBTS with RP in the presented case of an individual carrying biallelic truncating variants in MKS1.

scholarly journals Mice with mutations in Trpm1, a gene in the locus of 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome, display pronounced hyperactivity and decreased anxiety-like behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesshu Hori ◽  
Shohei Ikuta ◽  
Satoko Hattori ◽  
Keizo Takao ◽  
Tsuyoshi Miyakawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Chromosome 15 ◽  
Microdeletion Syndrome ◽  
Visual Transduction ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Null Mutant Mice

AbstractThe 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by a wide spectrum of psychiatric disorders that is caused by the deletion of a region containing 7 genes on chromosome 15 (MTMR10, FAN1, TRPM1, MIR211, KLF13, OTUD7A, and CHRNA7). The contribution of each gene in this syndrome has been studied using mutant mouse models, but no single mouse model recapitulates the whole spectrum of human 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. The behavior of Trpm1−/− mice has not been investigated in relation to 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome due to the visual impairment in these mice, which may confound the results of behavioral tests involving vision. We were able to perform a comprehensive behavioral test battery using Trpm1 null mutant mice to investigate the role of Trpm1, which is thought to be expressed solely in the retina, in the central nervous system and to examine the relationship between TRPM1 and 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome. Our data demonstrate that Trpm1−/− mice exhibit abnormal behaviors that may explain some phenotypes of 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome, including reduced anxiety-like behavior, abnormal social interaction, attenuated fear memory, and the most prominent phenotype of Trpm1 mutant mice, hyperactivity. While the ON visual transduction pathway is impaired in Trpm1−/− mice, we did not detect compensatory high sensitivities for other sensory modalities. The pathway for visual impairment is the same between Trpm1−/− mice and mGluR6−/− mice, but hyperlocomotor activity has not been reported in mGluR6−/− mice. These data suggest that the phenotype of Trpm1−/− mice extends beyond that expected from visual impairment alone. Here, we provide the first evidence associating TRPM1 with impairment of cognitive function similar to that observed in phenotypes of 15q13.3 microdeletion syndrome.

Brain angiotensin system: a new promise in the management of epilepsy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-730
Author(s):  
Alberto Javier Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
B Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
System A ◽  
Pilocarpine Model ◽  
Animal Models Of Epilepsy ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Epilepsy is a highly prevalent neurological disease and anti-epileptic drugs (AED) are almost the unique clinical treatment option. A disbalanced brain renin–angiotensin system (RAS) has been proposed in epilepsy and several reports have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor-1 (ATR1) activation is pro-inflammatory and pro-epileptogenic. In agreement, ATR1 blockage with the repurposed drug losartan has shown benefits in animal models of epilepsy. Processing of Ang II by ACE2 enzyme renders Ang-(1-7), a metabolite that activates the mitochondrial assembly (Mas) receptor (MasR) pathway. MasR activation presents beneficial effects, facilitating vasodilatation, increasing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative responses. In a recent paper published in Clinical Science, Gomes and colleagues (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2020) 134, 2263–2277) performed intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of Ang-(1-7) in animals subjected to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy, starting after the first spontaneous motor seizure (SMS). They showed that this approach reduced the frequency of SMS, restored animal anxiety, increased exploration, and augmented the hippocampal expression of protective catalase enzyme and antiapoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Interestingly, but surprisingly, Gomes and colleagues showed that MasR expression and mTor activity were reduced in the hippocampus of the epileptic Ang-(1-7) treated animals. These results show that Ang-(1-7) administration could represent a new avenue for developing strategies for the management of epilepsy in clinical settings. However, future work is necessary to evaluate the levels of RAS metabolites and the activity of key enzymes in these experimental interventions to completely understand the therapeutic potential of the brain RAS manipulation in epilepsy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document