Traditional Old Dietary Pattern of Castellana Grotte (Apulia) Is Associated with Healthy Outcomes

Background: There is still room for further studies aimed at investigating the most widespread diets in the Mediterranean area. The objective of the study is to analyze the relation of food group intake to clinical chemical indicators of health, and also to compare the food group intake with healthy well-known diet indices. Methods: Lifestyle, dietary, and clinical data collected in 2005/2006 and 2012/2018 from Castellana Grotte, located in the rural area of Apulia, were analyzed. The study populations included newly recruited subjects at each time period (n = 1870) as well as subjects examined twice and compared over time regarding health indicators (n = 734). Diet was assessed through a validated food frequency questionnaire. Three healthy diet indices were calculated and related to 29 food groups. We also performed prospective regression of food group consumption with health indicators. Results: The diet over the time period of observation was very stable and consisted of a high proportion of vegetables, fruit and grains. No major changes in body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure were observed. Consumption of low-fat dairy, juices, olive oil, and water were related to reductions in weight gain, systolic blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and cholesterol (total and HDL) levels, in that order. Over the time periods we observed only a slight decrease of adherence to the Meddietscore. The correlations of the healthy diet indices with food groups revealed some differences among the indices, mostly regarding the intake of fruit and vegetables. Conclusions: The dietary pattern of Apulia is in line with many principles of a healthy diet and the cohort population seems to be less liable to undergo a transition to a westernized diet.

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Dietary Patterns Are Not Consistently Associated with Variability in Blood Lead Concentrations in Pregnant British Women

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (6) ◽

pp. 1027-1036

Author(s):

Caroline M Taylor ◽

Rita Doerner ◽

Kate Northstone ◽

Katarzyna Kordas

Keyword(s):

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Positive Association ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Food Group ◽

Healthy Diet ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Food Groups ◽

Parents And Children ◽

In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Background During pregnancy lead crosses the placenta freely and can have adverse effects on the fetus, with the potential for lifelong impact on the child. Identification of dietary patterns and food groups in relation to measures of lead status could provide a more useful alternative to nutrient-specific advice to minimize fetal lead exposure. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary patterns and food groups are associated with blood lead concentration (B-Pb) in pregnancy. Design Whole blood samples were collected at a median of 11 wk gestation (IQR 9–13 wk) from women enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children birth cohort study, and analyzed for lead. Dietary pattern scores were derived from principal components analysis of a food-frequency questionnaire (32 wk gestation). Associations of dietary pattern scores (quartiles), and of food groups (frequency of consumption), with the likelihood of B-Pb ≥5 µg/dL identified with adjusted logistic regression (n = 2167 complete cases). Results There was a negative association between the “confectionery” dietary pattern and the likelihood of B-Pb ≥5 µg/dL (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.94) in an adjusted model. There were no associations with other dietary patterns. There was a positive association between the food group “all leafy green and green vegetables” and the likelihood of B-Pb ≥5 µg/dL (OR 1.45; 95% CI: 1.04, 2.01). Conversely, the food group “cakes and biscuits” was negatively associated (OR 0.63; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.93). After multiple imputation, there was a positive association of the “healthy” diet pattern and no association of the “confectionery” pattern. Conclusions We found limited evidence of an association between women's typical diet and B-Pb during pregnancy. Our findings do not indicate need to revise dietary guidance for pregnant women, who are advised to adopt a healthy diet in pregnancy, with a variety of foods consumed in moderation.

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Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and development of prehypertension

ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia» ◽

10.25557/0031-2991.2018.03.37-43 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 37-43

Author(s):

В.В. Шерстнев ◽

М.А. Грудень ◽

В.П. Карлина ◽

В.М. Рыжов ◽

А.В. Кузнецова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Ldl Cholesterol ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Left Ventricular ◽

Optimal Blood Pressure

Цель - исследование взаимосвязи факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний и развития предгипертонии. Методика. Проведен сравнительный и корреляционный анализы показателей модифицируемых и немодифицируемых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний у обследованных лиц в возрасте 30-60 лет с «оптимальным» артериальным давлением, (n = 63, АД <120/80 мм рт.ст.) и лиц с предгипертонией (n = 52, АД = 120-139/80-89 мм рт.ст.). Результаты. Показано, что лица с предгипертонией по сравнению с группой лиц, имеющих «оптимальное» артериальное давление характеризуются статистически значимо повышенным содержанием холестерина и холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности, интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности, а также значимыми сочетаниями факторов риска: повышенный уровень холестерина липопротеидов низкой плотности с интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; повышенное содержание креатинина с уровнем триглициридов; наследственная отягощенность по заболеваниям почек и интеллектуальным характером трудовой деятельности; наследственная отягощенность по сахарному диабету и гипертрофия левого желудочка сердца. У лиц с предгипертонией документированы перестройки структуры взаимосвязи (количество, направленность и сила корреляций) между показателями факторов риска в сравнении с лицами, имеющими «оптимальное» артериальное давление. Заключение. Выявленные особенности взаимосвязей факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний при предгипертонии рассматриваются как проявление начальной стадии дизрегуляционной патологии и нарушения регуляции физиологических систем поддержания оптимального уровня артериального давления. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between risk factors for cardiovascular disease and development of prehypertension. Methods. Comparative and correlation analyses of modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease were performed in subjects aged 30-60 with «optimal» blood pressure (n = 63, BP <120/80 mm Hg) and prehypertension (n = 52, BP = 120-139 / 80-89 mm Hg). Results. The group with prehypertension compared with the «optimal» blood pressure group had significantly increased serum levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, sedentary/intellectual type of occupation, and significant combinations of risk factors. The risk factor combinations included an increased level of LDL cholesterol and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; increased serum levels of creatinine and triglycerides; hereditary burden of kidney disease and a sedentary/intellectual occupation; hereditary burden of diabetes mellitus and cardiac left ventricular hypotrophy. In subjects with prehypertension compared to subjects with «optimal» blood pressure, changes in correlations (correlation number, direction, and strength) between parameters of risk factors were documented. Conclusion. The features of interrelationships between risk factors for cardiovascular disease observed in prehypertension are considered a manifestation of early dysregulation pathology and disordered regulation of physiological systems, which maintain optimal blood pressure.

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Normal Non-HDL Cholesterol, Low Total Cholesterol, and HDL Cholesterol Levels in Sickle Cell Disease Patients in the Steady State: A Case-Control Study of Tema Metropolis

Journal of Lipids ◽

10.1155/2016/7650530 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Richard K. D. Ephraim ◽

Patrick Adu ◽

Edem Ake ◽

Hope Agbodzakey ◽

Prince Adoba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Steady State ◽

Sickle Cell Disease ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽

Cell Disease ◽

Cross Sectional

Background.Abnormal lipid homeostasis in sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by defects in plasma and erythrocyte lipids and may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This study assessed the lipid profile and non-HDL cholesterol level of SCD patients.Methods.A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 SCD patients, in the steady state, aged 8–28 years, attending the SCD clinic, and 50 healthy volunteers between the ages of 8–38 years. Serum lipids were determined by enzymatic methods and non-HDL cholesterol calculated by this formula: non-HDL-C = TC-HDL-C.Results.Total cholesterol (TC) (p=0.001) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (p<0.0001) were significantly decreased in cases compared to controls. The levels of non-HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) were similar among the participants. The levels of decrease in TC and HDL were associated with whether a patient was SCD-SS or SCD-SC. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were each significantly associated with increased VLDL [SBP,p=0.01, OR: 0.74 (CI: 0.6–0.93); DBP,p=0.023, OR: 1.45 (CI: 1.05–2.0)].Conclusion.Dyslipidemia is common among participants in this study. It was more pronounced in the SCD-SS than in SCD-SC. This dyslipidemia was associated with high VLDL as well as increased SBP and DBP.

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Gender and Age Stratified Analyses of Nutrient and Dietary Pattern Associations with Circulating Lipid Levels Identify Novel Gender and Age-Specific Correlations

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10111760 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1760 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Huifeng Jin ◽

Jessie Nicodemus-Johnson

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Nutrient Level ◽

Modern World ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Gender Specific

Dyslipidemia is a precursor to a myriad of cardiovascular diseases in the modern world. Age, gender, and diet are known modifiers of lipid levels, however they are not frequently investigated in subset analyses. Food and nutrient intakes from National Health and Nutrition Examination Study 2001–2013 were used to assess the correlation between lipid levels (high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and total cholesterol (TC):HDL cholesterol ratio) and nutritional intake using linear regression. Associations were initially stratified by gender and significant gender correlations were further stratified by age. Analyses were performed at both the dietary pattern and nutrient level. Dietary pattern and fat intake correlations agreed with the literature in direction and did not demonstrate gender or age effects; however, we observed gender and age interactions among other dietary patterns and individual nutrients. These effects were independent of ethnicity, caloric intake, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Elevated HDL cholesterol levels correlated with increasing vitamin and mineral intake in females of child bearing age but not males or older females (≥65 years). Moreover, increases in magnesium and retinol intake correlated with HDL cholesterol improvement only in females (all age groups) and males (35–64), respectively. Finally, a large amount of gender-specific variation was associated with TG levels. Females demonstrated positive associations with sugar and carbohydrate while males show inverse associations with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. The female-specific association increased with the ratio of carbohydrate: saturated fatty acid (SFA) intake, suggesting that gender specific dietary habits may underlie the observed TG-nutrient correlations. Our study provides evidence that a subset of previously established nutrient-lipid associations may be gender or age-specific. Such discoveries provide potential new avenues for further research into personalized nutritional approaches to treat dyslipidemia.

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Comparing two methods for deriving dietary patterns associated with risk of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly Taiwanese adults with impaired kidney function

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29635/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Adi Lukas Kurniawan ◽

Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽

Hsiu-An Lee ◽

Hsiao-Hsien Rau ◽

Rathi Paramastri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Kidney Function ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Principal Component ◽

Dietary Guidelines ◽

Food Groups ◽

Reduced Rank Regression ◽

Sugary Drinks

Abstract Background: Dietary patterns were associated with the risk of chronic disease development and outcome-related diseases. In this study, we aimed to compare the correlation between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome (MetS) using two methods for identifying dietary patterns.Methods: The participants (n = 25,569) aged ≥ 40 years with impaired kidney function were retrieved from Mei Jau (MJ) Health Screening database from 2008 to 2010. Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR) from twenty-two food groups using PROC FACTOR and PROC PLS functions.Results: We identified two similar dietary pattern characteristics (high intakes of deep fried foods, preserved or processed foods, dipping sauce, meat, sugary drinks, organ meats, jam/honey, fried rice/flour products, instant noodles and eggs) derived by PCA and RRR. Logistic regression analysis revealed that RRR-derived dietary pattern scores were positively associated with an odds ratio (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.56, 1.86) of having MetS than PCA-derived dietary pattern scores (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.51). The correlations between RRR-derived dietary pattern scores and elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure (OR = 1.30 for both) or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol in women (OR = 1.32) were statistically significant but not significant in PCA-derived dietary pattern scores.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that RRR gives better results when studying behavior related dietary patterns in association with MetS. RRR may be more preferable to provide dietary information for developing dietary guidelines among people with MetS. Further studies with prospective measurements are needed to verify whether RRR is a useful analytic tool for the association between dietary patterns and other chronic diseases.

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Metabolic Syndrome—Role of Dietary Fat Type and Quantity

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11071438 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1438 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Peter Clifton

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Saturated Fat ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Fasting Insulin ◽

Polyunsaturated Fat ◽

Monounsaturated Fat ◽

The Impact

Background: Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) over and above that related to type 2 diabetes. The optimal diet for the treatment of metabolic syndrome is not clear. Materials and Methods: A review of dietary interventions in volunteers with metabolic syndrome as well as studies examining the impact of dietary fat on the separate components of metabolic syndrome was undertaken using only recent meta-analyses, if available. Results: Most of the data suggest that replacing carbohydrates with any fat, but particularly polyunsaturated fat, will lower triglyceride(TG), increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and lower blood pressure, but have no effects on fasting glucose in normal volunteers or insulin sensitivity, as assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps. Fasting insulin may be lowered by fat. Monounsaturated fat (MUFA) is preferable to polyunsaturated fat (PUFA) for fasting insulin and glucose lowering. The addition of 3–4 g of N3 fats will lower TG and blood pressure (BP) and reduce the proportion of subjects with metabolic syndrome. Dairy fat (50% saturated fat) is also related to a lower incidence of metabolic syndrome in cohort studies.

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Adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factor levels between individuals with pre-diabetes and normal glucose metabolism are more pronounced in women than in men: the Maastricht Study

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000787 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000787 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Rianneke de Ritter ◽

Simone J S Sep ◽

Carla J H van der Kallen ◽

Miranda T Schram ◽

Annemarie Koster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Pressure Difference ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure Difference

ObjectiveTo investigate whether adverse differences in levels of cardiovascular risk factors in women than men, already established when comparing individuals with and without diabetes, are also present before type 2 diabetes onset.Research design and methodsIn a population-based cohort study of individuals aged 40-75 years (n=3410; 49% women, 29% type 2 diabetes (oversampled by design)), we estimated associations with cardiometabolic and lifestyle risk factors of (1) pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (reference category: normal glucose metabolism) and (2) among non-diabetic individuals, of continuous levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Age-adjusted sex differences were analyzed using linear and logistic regression models with sex interaction terms.ResultsIn pre-diabetes, adverse differences in cardiometabolic risk factors were greater in women than men for systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.02 mm Hg; 95% CI:−0.26 to 6.30), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (difference, −0.10 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.18 to −0.02), total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (difference, 0.22; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.44), triglycerides (ratio: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.22), and inflammation markers Z-score (ratio: 1.18; 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.41). In type 2 diabetes, these sex differences were similar in direction, and of greater magnitude. Additionally, HbA1c among non-diabetic individuals was more strongly associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors in women than men: per one per cent point increase, systolic blood pressure (difference, 3.58 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.03 to 7.19), diastolic blood pressure (difference, 2.10 mm Hg; 95% CI: −0.02 to 4.23), HDL cholesterol (difference, −0.09 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.00), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (difference, 0.26 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.47). With regard to lifestyle risk factors, no consistent pattern was observed.ConclusionOur results are consistent with the concept that the more adverse changes in cardiometabolic risk factors in women (than men) arise as a continuous process before the onset of type 2 diabetes.

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Cardiac hypertrophy and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in Lrig3-deficient mice

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.00309.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 310 (11) ◽

pp. R1045-R1052 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Martin Hellström ◽

Madelene Ericsson ◽

Bengt Johansson ◽

Mahmood Faraz ◽

Fredrick Anderson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Heart Function ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Wild Type ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Deficient Mice

Genetic factors confer risk for cardiovascular disease. Recently, large genome-wide population studies have shown associations between genomic loci close to LRIG3 and heart failure and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level. Here, we ablated Lrig3 in mice and investigated the importance of Lrig3 for heart function and plasma lipid levels. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze Lrig3 expression in the hearts of wild-type and Lrig3-deficient mice. In addition, molecular, physiological, and functional parameters such as organ weights, heart rate, blood pressure, heart structure and function, gene expression in the heart, and plasma insulin, glucose, and lipid levels were evaluated. The Lrig3-deficient mice were smaller than the wild-type mice but otherwise appeared grossly normal. Lrig3 was expressed at detectable but relatively low levels in adult mouse hearts. At 9 mo of age, ad libitum-fed Lrig3-deficient mice had lower insulin levels than wild-type mice. At 12 mo of age, Lrig3-deficient mice exhibited increased blood pressure, and the Lrig3-deficient female mice displayed signs of cardiac hypertrophy as assessed by echocardiography, heart-to-body weight ratio, and expression of the cardiac hypertrophy marker gene Nppa. Additionally, Lrig3-deficient mice had reduced plasma HDL cholesterol and free glycerol. These findings in mice complement the human epidemiological results and suggest that Lrig3 may influence heart function and plasma lipid levels in mice and humans.

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Pharmacist-Led Group Medical Appointments for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes with Comorbid Depression in Older Adults

Annals of Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1345/aph.1q212 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 1346-1355 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Tracey H Taveira ◽

Andrea G Dooley ◽

Lisa B Cohen ◽

Sameed Ahmed M Khatana ◽

Wen-Chih Wu

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Standard Care ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Multidisciplinary Education ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Background:: Depression is associated with poor glycemic control, increased number of microvascular and macrovascular complications, functional impairment, mortality, and 4.5 times higher total health care costs in patients with diabetes. Shared medical appointments (SMAs) may be an effective method to attain national guideline recommendations for glycemic control in diabetes for patients with depression through peer support, counseling, problem solving, and improved access to care. Objective: To test the efficacy as assessed by attainment of a hemoglobin A1c (A1C) <7% of pharmacistted group SMA visits, Veterans Affairs Multidisciplinary Education in Diabetes and Intervention for Cardiac Risk Reduction in Depression (VA-MEDIC-D), in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial of VA-MEDIC-D added to standard care versus standard care alone in depressed patients with diabetes with A1C >6.5%. VA-MEDIC-D consisted of 4 once-weekly, 2-hour sessions followed by 5 monthly 90-minute group sessions. Each SMA session consisted of multidisciplinary education and pharmacist-led behavioral and pharmacologic interventions for diabetes, lipids, smoking, and blood pressure. No pharmacologic interventions for depression were provided. The change in the proportion of participants who achieved an A1C <7% at 6 months was compared. Results: Compared to standard care (n = 44), a lower proportion of patients in VA-MEDIC-D (n = 44) had systolic blood pressure (SBP) <130 mm Hg at baseline, but were similar in other cardiovascular risk factors and psychiatric comorbidity. The change in the proportion of participants achieving an A1C <7% was greater in the VA-MEDIC-D arm than in the standard care arm (29.6% vs 11.9%), with odds ratio 3.6 (95% CI 1.1 to 12.3). VA-MEDIC-D participants also achieved significant reductions in SBP, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol from baseline, whereas significant reductions were attained only in non–HDL cholesterol with standard care. There was no significant change in depressive symptoms for either arm. Conclusions: Pharmacist-led group SMA visits are efficacious in attainment of glycemic control in patients with diabetes and depression without change in depression symptoms.

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