scholarly journals The Role of the Maridi Dam in Causing an Onchocerciasis-Associated Epilepsy Epidemic in Maridi, South Sudan: An Epidemiological, Sociological, and Entomological Study

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 315 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Lakwo ◽  
S. Raimon ◽  
M. Tionga ◽  
J. N. Siewe Fodjo ◽  
P. Alinda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Sudan ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Nodding Syndrome ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Village

Background: An epilepsy prevalence of 4.4% was documented in onchocerciasis-endemic villages close to the Maridi River in South Sudan. We investigated the role of the Maridi dam in causing an onchocerciasis-associated epilepsy epidemic in these villages. Methods: Affected communities were visited in November 2019 to conduct focus group discussions with village elders and assess the OV16 seroprevalence in 3- to 9-year-old children. Entomological assessments to map blackfly breeding sites and determine biting rates around the Maridi River were conducted. Historical data regarding various activities at the Maridi dam were obtained from the administrative authorities. Results: The Maridi dam was constructed in 1954–1955. Village elders reported an increasing number of children developing epilepsy, including nodding syndrome, from the early 1990s. Kazana 2 (the village closest to the dam; epilepsy prevalence 11.9%) had the highest OV16 seroprevalence: 40.0% among children 3–6 years old and 66.7% among children 7–9 years old. The Maridi dam spillway was found to be the only Simulium damnosum breeding site along the river, with biting rates reaching 202 flies/man/h. Conclusion: Onchocerciasis transmission rates are high in Maridi. Suitable breeding conditions at the Maridi dam, coupled with suboptimal onchocerciasis control measures, have probably played a major role in causing an epilepsy (including nodding syndrome) epidemic in the Maridi area.

scholarly journals Species diversity and breeding site of mosquito larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Macaca fascicularis breeding area

2021 ◽  
Vol 948 (1) ◽  
pp. 012039
Author(s):  
D Novianto ◽  
U K Hadi ◽  
S Soviana ◽  
Supriyono ◽  
H S Darusman
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Macaca Fascicularis ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Armigeres Subalbatus ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Mosquito larvae play an essential role in the ecological, and many of them can spread human and animal diseases, including in Macaca fascicularis. Information on mosquito species and their habitats can provide an overview of the role of mosquitoes in the spread of vector-borne diseases in M. fascicularis captivity area. This study aimed to identify species diversity of mosquito larvae, species affinity and association, and the larval breeding sites around M. fascicularis captivity area in Bogor, West Java. Mosquito larvae were collected from 102 sites using a 350 ml dipper. Mosquito larvae that were successfully collected consisted of 11 species; Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Armigeres subalbatus, Anopheles aconitus, An. kochi, An. vagus, Culex fuscocephala, Cx. pseudovishnui, Cx. tritaeniorhyncus, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. vishnui. Co-occurrence in mosquito larvae as many as 13 compositions, with the highest co-occurrence in Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus that was 11 times. There were seven types breeding sites for the larval mosquitoes, i.e containers, ditches, creeks, ponds, artificial ponds, groundwater puddles, and rice fields. We conclude the existence of mosquito larvae and the availability of their breeding site in M. fascicularis captivity area can be a potential transmission of pathogens between mosquitoes and hosts

Elders (Presbuteroi) of the Farmers and of the Village in Roman Egypt

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-81
Author(s):  
Silvia Strassi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Roman Egypt ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Village

This chapter examines the nature and role of the elders of the public farmers (presbuteroi georgon) and the village elders (presbuteroi komes) at Bacchias and Karanis in the first two centuries of Roman rule (AD I-II), using the Greek papyri. Although geographically very close, lying by the same canal, these two villages were very different in historical and socio-economic terms, which makes a comparative investigation of their elders particularly interesting.

scholarly journals ROLE OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN MANAGING FLOODS PROJECTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
MUSHTAQ AHMAD
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Knowledge ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Government ◽  
Indigenous Methods ◽  
The Village

Climate change is increasing the frequency of disasters in the world. Accordingly, disaster management strategies are also changing. The UN has focused on acknowledging the Indigenous Knowledge in disaster management strategies. In this study, the village Khursheed in District Sargodha has been focused due to facing frequent floods since decades. They have developed some methods to counter floods. The study was qualitative containing three focus group discussions and thirty interviews, reveals that villagers have devised their own flood forecast and early warning systems. The indigenous methods of constructions of buildings and agricultural techniques have rendered the village more resilient. The elevated spiritual level has enhanced their immune system to face floods. The government needs to devise local level disaster management strategies which should incorporate indigenous and modern knowledge.

scholarly journals Field studies on breeding sites of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in agriculturally used and natural habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Kameke ◽  
Helge Kampen ◽  
Alexander Wacker ◽  
Doreen Werner
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Obsoletus Complex

AbstractCulicoides are vectors of pathogens mainly of veterinary importance. To establish targeted vector control measures, it is paramount to comprehend the ecological factors determining their distribution. Therefore, we used emergence traps to sample eight biotopes and assess their potential as breeding sites. Part one of the study investigates agricultural habitats, part two compares four biotopes of a forest-dominated area with less anthropogenic influence, including a physicochemical analysis of soil moisture, pH value and organic content. Thirteen culicoid species were collected, with a strong dominance of the Obsoletus Complex on meadows, and with Culicoides punctatus (Meigen), Culicoides pictipennis (Staeger) and the Obsoletus Complex, to be the most abundant species in the natural habitats. Several co-existing species were found, some of them not having been described before. Our results suggest that ungrazed meadows seem unsuitable as breeding sites. Only the influence of livestock creates adequate conditions for certain midge species. The alder on fen site contained most culicoid species with the highest species diversity. Our study clearly indicates that knowledge of species-specific preferences for environmental habitat conditions (choice of breeding site) in connection to soil conditions is crucial to understand the biology and phenology of midges and their role as vectors of pathogens.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Kapasitas Badan Usaha Milik Desa untuk Kesejahteraan Masyarakat

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Abd. Rasyid Syamsuri ◽  
Julianto Hutasuhut
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

The Enhancement of Village Owned Business Agencies Capacity for Community Welfare Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) aims to make village development innovations, especially improving the village economy and rural communities' welfare. BUMDes is a village business institution managed by the community and village government to strengthen the economy and is formed based on its needs and potential. Community service in Janji Village, Bilah Barat District, Labuhanbatu Regency was started by identifying the need for socialization: providing knowledge and understanding of the role of BUMDes and conducting focus group discussions based on interest groups in the village. The purpose of this program was to bring changes in the social-economic of the community. Based on the observations, partners' problems are: 1) The establishment of BUMDes in Janji Village has not fully formed all types of businesses in the area but has only formed one type of business, 2) There are objections from community members who already own home industry. As one of the economic institutions operating in rural areas, BUMDes must have differences from the general economic institutions so that the existence and performance of BUMDes can make a significant contribution in improving community welfare through socialization, education, and training to improve people's living standards in Janji Village.

Filmul documentar ca instrument în cercetarea antropologică

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 194-207
Author(s):  
Mirela Miron ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Interval ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Team Members ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Village

Judging by the accounts of the village elders, the custom “The Lads” has only undergone few changes in time, due to social circumstances. The young men start getting together from the very beginning of the Nativity Fast, as always, and rehearse the same carols they learned from the elders, except for the one they sing in church, which must be a different one every year. The number and age range of the young men have also been kept constant throughout the years, as has the performance of the ritual. However, in some years there were as much as three groups of lads, each from a different hamlet. Because musicians are expensive and due to the low number of young men, there was only one team of lads in 2015. Until about 20 years ago, the people receiving the lads in their homes would give them food such as sausages or a smoked pork leg and liquor for the celebration marking the end of the carolling, called ‘conac’ (Romanian for ‘manor’). The fact that the lads stopped receiving food from the villagers led to the disappearance of one of the team members, namely the one who used to carry all the food in bags and who was called ‘the horse’. Another change undergone by the custom is the removal of the tallest lad’s role of dancing with the eldest woman in the household so that the hemp should grow tall. Ever since the cultivation of this source of textile fiber was banned, this role has vanished from the lads’ team. The leader of the lads is called the ’taroste’ and the rule dictates that, unlike all the other team members, who are unmarried, he must be a married man. He is selected freely by the lads, who owe him obedience throughout the three ritual days. He plays an important part not only in coordinating the team, but also in making sure the lads keep up the pace, as they have a long distance to cover on foot in a short interval.

scholarly journals STATUS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE VILLAGE ELDER IN PEASANTS’ SELF-ADMINISTRATION FROM CLOSE OF THE 19THTO THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-713
Author(s):  
P. V. Erin ◽  
N. V. Melekhova ◽  
T. N. Sukhareva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Local Residents ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rural Elders

Purpose of the study: The article focuses on the research of the role of village elders in rural self-administration at the turn of the 20th century. The article shows how rural elders executed their duties, who was selected as a rural elder, as well as the attitude of the countrymen towards this authority. Methodology: In the process of the study, the authors relied mainly on documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the State Archive of the Tambov Region. The retrospective research method, first of all, allowed us to study the participation of rural residents in self-government. In addition, describe the role of the elder and the functions assigned to him in the process of managing the settlement. Main Findings: It has been revealed if the country people and elders had conflicts in the performance of their duties. Rural elders were supposed to eliminate arrears of taxes and levies. The article considers the cases when rural elders supported local people in confrontation with superior civil servants. In conclusion, the article estimates the “institution” of rural elders. Applications of this study: The results of the study are primarily useful for the formation of a program for the development of the organization of agriculture in the Tambov region. An understanding of the traditions, historical features of the development of the region should be taken into account by legislative bodies and municipal structures when searching for effective management tools. Understanding the features of rural management is interesting for researchers studying similar practices in different countries of the world. For example, the application of researchers involved in local government issues, when comparing the historical experience of different states and regions. Novelty/Originality of this study: The study shows not only how the functions of the elders in the process of managing rural territories changed, but also the reaction of the population to various actions of the authorities. In particular, the typical causes of discontent among local residents on the actions of the "elders". However, often these reasons were due to the peculiarities of interactions between elders and representatives of state authorities.

scholarly journals THE INSTITUTE OF VILLAGE ELDERS IN CHUVASHIA: HISTORY OF FORMATION AND ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Valentina G. Kharitonova
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Village

The article deals with the issues concerning formation of the institute of the elders and the role of village elders in the functioning of the local government system in modern Chuvashia. For a region where the share of rural population in the total population is quite high, the study of this topic is in demand. The article briefly covers the main aspects in the development of the rural community and the state policy in rural areas. The analysis of this topic coverage in domestic and regional historiography is carried out. The main attention is paid to the history of forming the institute of village elders, the characteristics of the legal status and functions of village elders, and the main forms of their activities are shown. The village elders and organization of their activities in the 1990s were caused by the need to represent the interests of the population in the authorities of different levels. At the first stages, their functioning was initiated by the residents of villages themselves. Subsequently, the regional authorities and municipalities also began to deal with the organization and legal regulation of village elders’ activities. Legislative formalisation of village elders’ institute at the state and regional level took place in 2018. The practical activities of Chuvashia village elders cover most issues of developing and improving rural territories, they are the main assistants of local authorities and guarantee of public territorial self-government in rural areas. At the same time, alienation of rural residents from solving issues of rural society was noted, for this purpose, the materials of a sociological population survey were used. It is shown that formation of the institute of elders and regulation of their activities in the republic took place on the basis of rural elders’ practical work, the analysis of the experience of interaction with local self-government bodies and taking into account the experience of other regions. At present stage, interaction with the republican authorities at various levels is being improved. The empirical basis of the article is made up of official documents, legislative acts, media materials, and the results of public surveys.

Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

From Missionary Translation to Local Theological Inquiry: A Narrative History of the Lisu Bible

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219
Author(s):  
Aminta Arrington
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Practices ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Bible Reading

The Lisu are a largely Christian minority group in south-west China who, as an oral culture, express their faith more through a set of Christian practices done as a group and less through bible reading as individuals. Even so, the Lisu practice of Christianity specifically, and Lisu culture more generally, was profoundly impacted by the written scriptures. During the initial evangelisation of the Lisu by the China Inland Mission, missionaries created a written script for the Lisu language. Churches were constructed and organised, which led to the creation of bible schools and the work of bible translation. In the waves of government persecution after 1949, Lisu New Testaments were hidden away up in the mountains by Lisu Christians. After 1980, the Lisu reclaimed their faith by listening to the village elders tell the Old Story around the fires and reopening the churches that had been closed for twenty-two years. And they reclaimed their bible by retrieving the scriptures from the hills and copying them in the evening by the light of a torch. The Lisu bible has its own narrative history, consisting of script creating, translating, migrating, and copying by hand. At times it was largely influenced by the mission narrative, but at other times, the Lisu bible itself was the lead character in the story. Ultimately, the story of the Lisu bible reflects the Lisu Christian story of moving from missionary beginnings to local leadership and, ultimately, to local theological inquiry.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document