scholarly journals Screening of Allelochemicals in Miscanthus sacchariflorus Extracts and Assessment of Their Effects on Germination and Seedling Growth of Common Weeds

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1313
Author(s):  
Bimal Kumar Ghimire ◽  
Myeong Ha Hwang ◽  
Erik J. Sacks ◽  
Chang Yeon Yu ◽  
Seung Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Miscanthus Sacchariflorus ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

There is increasing interest in the application of bioherbicides because they are less destructive to the global ecosystem than synthetic herbicides. Research has focused on reducing the dependence upon synthetic herbicides by substituting them with environmentally and economically sustainable bioproducts. Allelopathic phytochemicals may be an efficient method for controlling weeds, benefitting both the environment and human health. This study addressed the allelopathic potential of Miscanthus sacchariflorus (MS) extracts on the germination, plant growth, biomass, and biochemical parameters (electrolyte leakage, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant enzyme activities) of weeds using laboratory and field experiments. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed the presence of 22 phenolic compounds, including Orientin, Luteolin, Veratric acid, Chlorogenic acid, Protocatechuic acid, p-Coumaric acid, and Ferulic acid. Leaf extracts of M. sacchariflorus either completely suppressed or partially reduced seed germination and affected the development of weed seedlings (root and shoot length), in a dose-dependent manner. Aqueous extracts of M. sacchariflorus reduced the fresh weight and dry weight, affected the photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophylls, carotenoids), influenced the electrolyte ion leakage, and stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in a species-specific manner. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the phenolic compound composition of M. sacchariflorus correlated with the variables tested, indicating that the phytochemicals present in the plant extracts of M. sacchariflorus are a potential source of bio-herbicides.

scholarly journals Exploiting the Allelopathic Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Artemisia absinthium and Psidium guajava against Parthenium hysterophorus, a Widespread Weed in India

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhriti Kapoor ◽  
Rinzim ◽  
Anupam Tiwari ◽  
Amit Sehgal ◽  
Marco Landi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
By Products

Artemisia absinthium and Psidium guajava are powerful sources of secondary metabolites, some of them with potential allelopathic activity. Both the species grow together in India with a weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) that is becoming extremely invasive. The aim of the present research was to test the allelopathic effect of A. absinthium and P. guajava aqueous leaf extracts on seed germination, seedling growth (shoot and root length), as well as some biochemical parameters (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, and malondialdehyde by-products) of P. hysterophorus plants. Leaf extracts of both A. absinthium and P. guajava constrained the germination and seedling development (root and shoot length), affected pigment content (chlorophylls, carotenoids), stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and increased the level of malondialdehyde by-products of P. hysterophorus plants. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbic acid) in P. hysterophorus leaves were, conversely, negatively affected by both leaf extracts tested in the present experiment. Although A. absinthium was more effective than P. guajava in impacting some biochemical parameters of P. hysterophorus leaves (including a higher EC50 for seed germination), P. guajava extract showed a higher EC50 in terms of root inhibition of P. hysterophorus seedlings. The present study provides the evidence that A. absinthium and P. guajava extract could be proficiently exploited as a botanical herbicide against P. hysterophorus.

scholarly journals Response of walnut (Juglans regia L.) leaf aqueous extracts, on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in agri-silvi system of Uttarakhand

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-415
Author(s):  
Abhishek Bahuguna ◽  
Sandhya Bahuguna ◽  
Birendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Root And Shoot Length

Effect of different doses of aqueous extracts of walnut leaf was studied on germinating seeds and early seedling growth of wheat variety (cv. VL-616) recommended for hills under West Himalayan agri-silvi system. Seven treatments comprised of distilled water control (0%), 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% concentration of leaf extracts were treated. The effect of aqueous extracts was found inhibitive; indicate a direct proportional relationship with concentration dependent manner on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth of wheat. The wheat variety exhibited extent of phytotoxicity at 60% extracts application in comparison to untreated control. Invariably there was a decrease in first count, germination, seedling root and shoot length, seedling fresh and dry weight and vigour index with increasing aqueous extracts concentration on germinating wheat, however the shoot length was observed maximum at 60% concentration.

scholarly journals Effect of Pyrazosulfuron-Methyl on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Systems of Foxtail Millet

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Ma ◽  
Weili Zhang ◽  
Liguang Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyong He ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Pigment Contents

Foxtail millet (Setaria Italica L.) plays a principal role in food security in Africa and Asia, but it is sensitive to a variety of herbicides. This study was performed to clarify whether pyrazosulfuron-methyl can be used in foxtail millet fields and the effect of pyrazosulfuron-methyl on the photosynthetic performance of foxtail millet. Two foxtail millet varieties (Jingu 21 and Zhangzagu 10) were subjected to five doses (0, 15, 30, 60, and 120 g ai ha−1) of pyrazosulfuron-methyl in pot and field experiments. The plant height, leaf area, stem diameter, photosynthetic pigment contents, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, antioxidant enzyme activities, and antioxidant contents at 7 and 15 days after pyrazosulfuron-methyl application, and the yield of foxtail millet were measured. The results suggested that pyrazosulfuron-methyl inhibited the growth of foxtail millet and reduced the photosynthetic pigment contents, photosynthetic rate, and photosynthetic system II activity. Similarly, pyrazosulfuron-methyl decreased the antioxidant enzyme activities and antioxidant contents. These results also indicated that the toxicity of pyrazosulfuron-methyl to foxtail millet was decreased gradually with the extension of time after application; however, the foxtail millet yield was still significantly reduced. Therefore, pyrazosulfuron-methyl is not recommended for application in foxtail millet fields.

scholarly journals The Modulation of PCSK9 and LDLR by Supercritical CO2 Extracts of Mentha longifolia and Isolated Piperitone Oxide, an In Vitro Study

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3886
Author(s):  
Stefania Sut ◽  
Irene Ferrarese ◽  
Maria Giovanna Lupo ◽  
Nicola De Zordi ◽  
Elisa Tripicchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Volatile Constituent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner

In the present study the ability of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCO2) extracts of M. longifolia L. leaves to modulate low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) expression was evaluated in cultured human hepatoma cell lines Huh7 and HepG2. Two SCO2 extracts, one oil (ML-SCO2) and a semisolid (MW-SCO2), were subjected to detailed chemical characterization by mono- and bidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (1D, 2D-NMR), gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Chemical analysis revealed significant amounts of fatty acids, phytosterols and terpenoids. ML-SCO2 was able to induce LDLR expression at a dose of 60 µg/mL in HuH7 and HepG2 cell lines. Furthermore, ML-SCO2 reduced PCSK9 secretion in a concentration-dependent manner in both cell lines. Piperitone oxide, the most abundant compound of the volatile constituent of ML-SCO2 (27% w/w), was isolated and tested for the same targets, showing a very effective reduction of PCSK9 expression. The overall results revealed the opportunity to obtain a new nutraceutical ingredient with a high amount of phytosterols and terpenoids using the SCO2 extraction of M. longifolia L., a very well-known botanical species used as food. Furthermore, for the first time we report the high activity of piperitone oxide in the reduction of PCSK9 expression.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Two Potent Phytotoxic Substances from Afzelia xylocarpa for Controlling Weeds

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3542
Author(s):  
Ramida Krumsri ◽  
Kaori Ozaki ◽  
Toshiaki Teruya ◽  
Hisashi Kato-Noguchi
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phytotoxic Activity ◽  
Seedling Length

Phytotoxic substances released from plants are considered eco-friendly alternatives for controlling weeds in agricultural production. In this study, the leaves of Afzelia xylocarpa (Kurz) Craib. were investigated for biological activity, and their active substances were determined. Extracts of A. xylocarpa leaf exhibited concentration-dependent phytotoxic activity against the seedling length of Lepidium sativum L., Medicago sativa L., Phleum pratense L., and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. xylocarpa leaf extracts led to isolating and identifying two compounds: vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid. Both compounds were applied to four model plants using different concentrations. The results showed both compounds significantly inhibited the model plants’ seedling length in a species-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The phytotoxic effects of trans-ferulic acid (IC50 = 0.42 to 2.43 mM) on the model plants were much greater than that of vanillic acid (IC50 = 0.73 to 3.17 mM) and P. pratense was the most sensitive to both compounds. In addition, the application of an equimolar (0.3 mM) mixture of vanillic acid and trans-ferulic acid showed the synergistic effects of the phytotoxic activity against the root length of P. pratense and L. sativum. These results suggest that the leaves of A. xylocarpa and its phytotoxic compounds could be used as a natural source of herbicides.

Airway synthesis of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid: metabolism by cyclooxygenase to a bronchodilator

1999 ◽  
Vol 276 (2) ◽  
pp. L280-L288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Jacobs ◽  
Richard M. Effros ◽  
John R. Falck ◽  
K. Malla Reddy ◽  
William B. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acid ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
H 20

Rabbit airway tissue is a particularly rich source of cytochrome P-4504A protein, but very little information regarding the effect(s) of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) on bronchial tone is available. Our studies examined the response of rabbit bronchial rings to 20-HETE and the metabolism of arachidonic acid and 20-HETE from airway microsomes. 20-HETE (10−8 to 10−6 M) produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of bronchial rings precontracted with KCl or histamine but not with carbachol. Relaxation to 20-HETE was blocked by indomethacin or epithelium removal, consistent with the conversion of 20-HETE to a bronchial relaxant by epithelial cyclooxygenase. A cyclooxygenase product of 20-HETE also elicited relaxation of bronchial rings. [14C]arachidonic acid was converted by airway microsomes to products that comigrated with authentic 20-HETE (confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as 19- and 20-HETE) and to unidentified polar metabolites. [3H]20-HETE was metabolized to indomethacin-inhibitable products. These data suggest that 20-HETE is an endogenous product of rabbit airway tissue and may modulate airway resistance in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner.

scholarly journals Wild Oat (Avena Fatua L.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris Minor Ritz.) Management Through Allelopathy

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khawar Jabran ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Mubshir Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Complete Inhibition ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Barnyard Grass ◽  
Phalaris Minor ◽  
Germination Time ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Canary Grass

Wild Oat (Avena FatuaL.) and Canary Grass (Phalaris MinorRitz.) Management Through AllelopathyEnvironmental contamination, herbicide resistance development among weeds and health concerns due to over and misuse of synthetic herbicides has led the researchers to focus on alternative weed management strategies. Allelochemicals extracted from various plant species can act as natural weed inhibitors. In this study, allelopathic extracts from four plant species sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench], mulberry (Morus albaL.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv.], winter cherry [Withania somnifera(L.)] were tested for their potential to inhibit the most problematic wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) weeds wild oat (Avena fatuaL.) and canary grass (Phalaris minorRitz.). Data regarding time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, final germination percentage, germination energy, root and shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves, and seedling fresh and dry weight was recorded for both the weeds, which showed that mulberry was the most inhibitory plant species while sorghum showed least allelopathic suppression against wild oat. Mulberry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of the wild oat germination. The allelopathic potential for different plants against wild oat was in the order: mulberry > winter cherry > barnyard grass > sorghum. Mulberry, barnyard grass and winter cherry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of canary grass. Sorghum however exhibited least suppressive or in some cases stimulatory effects on canary grass. Plants revealing strong allelopathic potential can be utilized to derive natural herbicides for weed control.

scholarly journals Phytotoxic potential of essential oil of Melaleuca leucadendra against some agricultural weeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1799
Author(s):  
Gunjan Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Melaleuca Leucadendra

The work was undertaken to investigate the phytotoxic potential of essential oil from Melaleuca leucadendra against three weed species, viz., Echinochloa crus-galli, Cyperus rotundus and Leptochloa chinensis. It was observed that volatile oil (0.25-1.5 mg ml-1) of Melaleuca retarded the germination and growth of all the test weeds in a dose-response bioassay conducted under laboratory conditions. Generally, both root and shoot length showed an inhibitory effect in a concentration dependent manner and the maximum effect was observed in C. rotundus, followed by E. crus-galli and L. chinensis. The Melaleuca oil not only affected the germination and seedling growth of the test weeds, but also inhibited the chlorophyll content and dry weight. At the highest dose of Melaleuca oil treatment (1.5 mg ml-1), the chlorophyll content declined by nearly 50% in E. crus-galli and 90% in L. chinensis over the control. Thus, it is concluded that volatile oil possesses phytotoxic potential towards other plants and could be further explored for weed management.

scholarly journals Protein polyglutamylation catalyzed by the bacterial calmodulin-dependent pseudokinase SidJ

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Sulpizio ◽  
Marena E Minelli ◽  
Min Wan ◽  
Paul D Burrowes ◽  
Xiaochun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Effector Protein ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Human And Mouse

Pseudokinases are considered to be the inactive counterparts of conventional protein kinases and comprise approximately 10% of the human and mouse kinomes. Here, we report the crystal structure of the Legionella pneumophila effector protein, SidJ, in complex with the eukaryotic Ca2+-binding regulator, calmodulin (CaM). The structure reveals that SidJ contains a protein kinase-like fold domain, which retains a majority of the characteristic kinase catalytic motifs. However, SidJ fails to demonstrate kinase activity. Instead, mass spectrometry and in vitro biochemical analyses demonstrate that SidJ modifies another Legionella effector SdeA, an unconventional phosphoribosyl ubiquitin ligase, by adding glutamate molecules to a specific residue of SdeA in a CaM-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that SidJ-mediated polyglutamylation suppresses the ADP-ribosylation activity. Our work further implies that some pseudokinases may possess ATP-dependent activities other than conventional phosphorylation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document