scholarly journals Induction of Radiata Pine Somatic Embryogenesis at High Temperatures Provokes a Long-Term Decrease in DNA Methylation/Hydroxymethylation and Differential Expression of Stress-Related Genes

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1762
Author(s):  
Ander Castander-Olarieta ◽  
Cátia Pereira ◽  
Ester Sales ◽  
Mónica Meijón ◽  
Isabel Arrillaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Somatic Plants ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Stress Mediators

Based on the hypothesis that embryo development is a crucial stage for the formation of stable epigenetic marks that could modulate the behaviour of the resulting plants, in this study, radiata pine somatic embryogenesis was induced at high temperatures (23 °C, eight weeks, control; 40 °C, 4 h; 60 °C, 5 min) and the global methylation and hydroxymethylation levels of emerging embryonal masses and somatic plants were analysed using LC-ESI-MS/ MS-MRM. In this context, the expression pattern of six genes previously described as stress-mediators was studied throughout the embryogenic process until plant level to assess whether the observed epigenetic changes could have provoked a sustained alteration of the transcriptome. Results indicated that the highest temperatures led to hypomethylation of both embryonal masses and somatic plants. Moreover, we detected for the first time in a pine species the presence of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, and revealed its tissue specificity and potential involvement in heat-stress responses. Additionally, a heat shock protein-coding gene showed a down-regulation tendency along the process, with a special emphasis given to embryonal masses at first subculture and ex vitro somatic plants. Likewise, the transcripts of several proteins related with translation, oxidative stress response, and drought resilience were differentially expressed.

scholarly journals Pinus spp. Somatic Embryo Conversion under High Temperature: Effect on the Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Plantlets

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Antonia Maiara Marques do Nascimento ◽  
Priscila Alves Barroso ◽  
Naysa Flavia Ferreira do Nascimento ◽  
Tomás Goicoa ◽  
María Dolores Ugarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Radiata Pine ◽  
Planted Forests ◽  
Somatic Plants ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions ◽  
Process Of Se ◽  
Pinus Spp

Climatic variations in the current environmental scenario require plants with tolerance to sudden changes in temperature and a decrease in water availability. Accordingly, this tolerance will enable successful plantations and the maintenance of natural and planted forests. Consequently, in the last two decades, drought tolerance and high temperatures in conifers have been an important target for morphological, physiological, and epigenetic studies. Based on this, our research team has optimized different stages of somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Pinus spp. improving the success of the process. Through this method, we can obtain a large amount of clonal material and then analyze the somatic plants under different conditions ex vitro. The analysis of the morphological and physiological parameters in somatic embryos (ses) and plants with different tolerances to abiotic stress can provide us with valuable information about the mechanisms used by plants to survive under adverse environmental conditions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of high temperatures (23, 40, 50, and 60 °C, after 12 weeks, 90, 30, 5 min, respectively) on the morphology of somatic embryos obtained from Pinus radiata D.Don (Radiata pine) and Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine). In addition, we carried out a physiological evaluation of the somatic plants of P. radiata submitted to heat and water stress in a greenhouse. We observed that the number of somatic embryos was not affected by maturation temperatures in both species. Likewise, P. radiata plants obtained from these somatic embryos survived drought and heat stress in the greenhouse. In addition, plants originating from embryonal masses (EMs) subjected to high maturation temperature (40 and 60 °C) had a significant increase in gs and E. Therefore, it is possible to modulate the characteristics of somatic plants produced by the manipulation of environmental conditions during the process of SE.

scholarly journals Heat Stress in Pinus halepensis Somatic Embryogenesis Induction: Effect in DNA Methylation and Differential Expression of Stress-Related Genes

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2333
Author(s):  
Cátia Pereira ◽  
Ander Castander-Olarieta ◽  
Ester Sales ◽  
Itziar A. Montalbán ◽  
Jorge Canhoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Somatic Plants ◽  
Stress Related Genes

In the current context of climate change, plants need to develop different mechanisms of stress tolerance and adaptation to cope with changing environmental conditions. Temperature is one of the most important abiotic stresses that forest trees have to overcome. Recent research developed in our laboratory demonstrated that high temperatures during different stages of conifer somatic embryogenesis (SE) modify subsequent phases of the process and the behavior of the resulting ex vitro somatic plants. For this reason, Aleppo pine SE was induced under different heat stress treatments (40 °C for 4 h, 50 °C for 30 min, and 60 °C for 5 min) in order to analyze its effect on the global DNA methylation rates and the differential expression of four stress-related genes at different stages of the SE process. Results showed that a slight decrease of DNA methylation at proliferating embryonal masses (EMs) can correlate with the final efficiency of the process. Additionally, different expression patterns for stress-related genes were found in EMs and needles from the in vitro somatic plants obtained; the DEHYDRATION INDUCED PROTEIN 19 gene was up-regulated in response to heat at proliferating EMs, whereas HSP20 FAMILY PROTEIN and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE [Cu–Zn] were down-regulated in needles.

scholarly journals Cytokinins are involved in drought tolerance of Pinus radiata plants originating from embryonal masses induced at high temperatures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ander Castander-Olarieta ◽  
Paloma Moncaleán ◽  
Catia Pereira ◽  
Aleš Pěnčík ◽  
Ivan Petřík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Extreme High Temperature ◽  
Somatic Plants

Abstract Vegetative propagation through somatic embryogenesis is an effective method to produce elite varieties and can be applied as a tool to study the response of plants to different stresses. Several studies show that environmental changes during embryogenesis could determine future plant development. Moreover, we previously reported that physical and chemical conditions during somatic embryogenesis can determine the protein, hormone and metabolite profiles, as well as the micromorphological and ultrastructural organization of embryonal masses and somatic embryos. In this sense, phytohormones are key players throughout the somatic embryogenesis process as well as during numerous stress–adaptation responses. In this work, we first applied different high-temperature regimes (30 °C, 4 weeks; 40 °C, 4 days; 50 °C, 5 min) during induction of Pinus radiata D. Don somatic embryogenesis, together with control temperature (23 °C). Then, the somatic plants regenerated from initiated embryogenic cell lines and cultivated in greenhouse conditions were subjected to drought stress and control treatments to evaluate survival, growth and several physiological traits (relative water content, water potential, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Based on those preliminary results, even more extreme high-temperature regimes were applied during induction (40 °C, 4 h; 50 °C, 30 min; 60 °C, 5 min) and the corresponding cytokinin profiles of initiated embryonal masses from different lines were analysed. The results showed that the temperature regime during induction had delayed negative effects on drought resilience of somatic plants as indicated by survival, photosynthetic activity and water- use efficiency. However, high temperatures for extended periods of time enhanced subsequent plant growth in well-watered conditions. High-temperature regime treatments induced significant differences in the profile of total cytokinin bases, N6-isopentenyladenine, cis-zeatin riboside and trans-zeatin riboside. We concluded that phytohormones could be potential regulators of stress-response processes during initial steps of somatic embryogenesis and that they may have delayed implications in further developmental processes, determining the performance of the generated plants.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Arising in Young and Old Patients Displays Similar Molecular Features

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1234
Author(s):  
Jérôme Raffenne ◽  
Fernando A. Martin ◽  
Rémy Nicolle ◽  
Marina Konta ◽  
Yuna Blum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
Global Methylation ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Clinical Difference ◽  
Dna Repair Gene

Pancreatic ducal adenocarcinoma is classically diagnosed in the 7th decade, but approximately 10% of patients are diagnosed under 55 years (y.o.). While the genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of late-onset tumors (LOT) have been described, little is known about early-onset tumors (EOT). Ageing is known to impact DNA methylation and proteome integrity through carbonylation-related oxidative damages. We therefore aimed to assess the global molecular features of EOT. We compared 176 EOT (≤55 y.o.) and 316 LOT (≥70 y.o.) from three distinct surgical cohorts at the clinical/genomic/epigenomic/transcriptomic level. Furthermore, we assessed oxidative stress responses and oxidative proteome damages using 2D gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry protein identification. There was no consistent clinical difference between EOT and LOT across the three cohorts. The mutational landscape of key driver genes and the global methylation profile were similar in the two groups. LOT did display age-related features such as enriched DNA repair gene signatures and upregulation of oxidative stress defenses together with increased proteome carbonylation. However, these age-related differences were more preeminent in non-tumor tissues while tumor proteome and proteome damages were fairly comparable. In conclusion, this multi-omics comparison showed that EOT harbor a comparable molecular profile to that of LOT.

Commercialization potential of somatic embryogenesis in black spruce tree improvement

1994 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Adams ◽  
M. G. Doiron ◽  
Y. S. Park ◽  
J. M. Bonga ◽  
P. J. Charest
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Clonal Propagation ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Tree Improvement ◽  
Embryogenic Tissue ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Somatic Plants ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Potential Tool

The somatic embryogenesis process was evaluated as a potential tool for operational vegetative propagation using individuals from families currently used in the J.D. Irving, Ltd. black spruce tree improvement program. Most families were responsive although the number of individuals within families capable of producing embryogenic tissue (ET) varied greatly (1–70%). Seventy-four percent of the ET clones produced mature embryos and most of these germinated. Greenhouse survival was initially low (11%) but improved in subsequent experiments to 45% as growing regimes were refined. Demonstration plantings of the resulting somatic plants were established at two sites in New Brunswick. A total of 206 clones were cryopreserved. The potential for integrating somatic embryogenesis techniques into tree improvement and stock production programs is discussed. Key words: tree improvement, somatic embryogenesis, clonal propagation, black spruce, biotechnology

scholarly journals A Simple and Low-Cost Strategy to Improve Conidial Yield and Stress Resistance of Trichoderma guizhouense through Optimizing Illumination Conditions

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Yifan Li ◽  
Xiya Meng ◽  
Degang Guo ◽  
Jia Gao ◽  
Qiwei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hog Pathway ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Blue Light Receptor ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Low Cost Strategy ◽  
Stress Related Genes

Light is perceived by photoreceptors in fungi and further integrated into the stress-activated MAPK HOG pathway, and thereby potentially activates the expression of genes for stress responses. This indicates that the precise control of light conditions can likely improve the conidial yield and stress resistance to guarantee the low cost and long shelf life of Trichoderma-based biocontrol agents and biofertilizers. In this study, effects of wavelengths and intensities of light on conidial yield and stress tolerance to osmotic, oxidative and pH stresses in Trichoderma guizhouense were investigated. We found that 2 μmol photons/(m2 × s) of blue light increased the conidial yield more than 1000 folds as compared to dark condition and simultaneously enhanced conidial stress resistance. The enhanced conidial stress resistance is probably due to the upregulated stress-related genes in blue light, which is under the control of the blue light receptor BLR1 and the MAP kinase HOG1.

scholarly journals Pleiotropic Roles of the Msi1-Like Protein Msl1 in Cryptococcus neoformans

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1482-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hoon Yang ◽  
Shinae Maeng ◽  
Anna K. Strain ◽  
Anna Floyd ◽  
Kirsten Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Antifungal Drug Resistance ◽  
Human Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Assembly Factor ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Stress Related Genes

ABSTRACT Msi1-like (MSIL) proteins contain WD40 motifs and have a pleiotropic cellular function as negative regulators of the Ras/cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway and components of chromatin assembly factor 1 (CAF-1), yet they have not been studied in fungal pathogens. Here we identified and characterized an MSIL protein, Msl1, in Cryptococcus neoformans , which causes life-threatening meningoencephalitis in humans. Notably, Msl1 plays pleiotropic roles in C. neoformans in both cAMP-dependent and -independent manners largely independent of Ras. Msl1 negatively controls antioxidant melanin production and sexual differentiation, and this was repressed by the inhibition of the cAMP-signaling pathway. In contrast, Msl1 controls thermotolerance, diverse stress responses, and antifungal drug resistance in a Ras/cAMP-independent manner. Cac2, which is the second CAF-1 component, appears to play both redundant and distinct functions compared to the functions of Msl1. Msl1 is required for the full virulence of C. neoformans . Transcriptome analysis identified a group of Msl1-regulated genes, which include stress-related genes such as HSP12 and HSP78 . In conclusion, this study demonstrates pleiotropic roles of Msl1 in the human fungal pathogen C. neoformans , providing insight into a potential novel antifungal therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Major Latex Protein MdMLP423 Negatively Regulates Defense against Fungal Infections in Apple

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanshan He ◽  
Gaopeng Yuan ◽  
Shuxun Bian ◽  
Xiaolei Han ◽  
Kai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Gene ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Related Proteins

Major latex proteins (MLPs) play critical roles in plants defense and stress responses. However, the roles of MLPs from apple (Malus × domestica) have not been clearly identified. In this study, we focused on the biological role of MdMLP423, which had been previously characterized as a potential pathogenesis-related gene. Phylogenetic analysis and conserved domain analysis indicated that MdMLP423 is a protein with a ‘Gly-rich loop’ (GXGGXG) domain belonging to the Bet v_1 subfamily. Gene expression profiles showed that MdMLP423 is mainly expressed in flowers. In addition, the expression of MdMLP423 was significantly inhibited by Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. piricola (BB) and Alternaria alternata apple pathotype (AAAP) infections. Apple calli overexpressing MdMLP423 had lower expression of resistance-related genes, and were more sensitive to infection with BB and AAAP compared with non-transgenic calli. RNA-seq analysis of MdMLP423-overexpressing calli and non-transgenic calli indicated that MdMLP423 regulated the expression of a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and transcription factors, including genes involved in phytohormone signaling pathways, cell wall reinforcement, and genes encoding the defense-related proteins, AP2-EREBP, WRKY, MYB, NAC, Zinc finger protein, and ABI3. Taken together, our results demonstrate that MdMLP423 negatively regulates apple resistance to BB and AAAP infections by inhibiting the expression of defense- and stress-related genes and transcription factors.

scholarly journals Deficiency in the double-stranded RNA binding protein HYPONASTIC LEAVES1 increases sensitivity to the endoplasmic reticulum stress inducer tunicamycin in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rikako Hirata ◽  
Kei-ichiro Mishiba ◽  
Nozomu Koizumi ◽  
Yuji Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
And Function

Abstract Objective microRNA (miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression by sequence-dependent binding to protein-coding mRNA in eukaryotic cells. In plants, miRNA plays important roles in a plethora of physiological processes, including abiotic and biotic stress responses. The present study was conducted to investigate whether miRNA-mediated regulation is important for the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response in Arabidopsis. Results We found that hyl1 mutant plants are more sensitive to tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation that causes ER stress than wild-type plants. Other miRNA-related mutants, se and ago1, exhibited similar sensitivity to the wild-type, indicating that the hypersensitive phenotype is attributable to the loss-of-function of HYL1, rather than deficiency in general miRNA biogenesis and function. However, the transcriptional response of select ER stress-responsive genes in hyl1 mutant plants was indistinguishable from that of wild-type plants, suggesting that the loss-of-function of HYL1 does not affect the ER stress signaling pathways.

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