scholarly journals Crustal Deformation Across and beyond Central Europe and Its Impact on Land Boundaries

Resources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Kamil Maciuk ◽  
Agnieszka Peska-Siwik ◽  
Ahmed El-Mowafy ◽  
Lukasz Borowski ◽  
Michal Apollo
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Boundary Point ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
The Real Estate ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
Boundary Points

Land is a critical and limited natural resource. The Land Administration System (LAS) has been developed to resolve and adjudicate over any disputes that might arise concerning the rights and boundaries of land. Land registration and cadastre are types of land recording that need to be established. To secure the property rights, we must be sure of accuracy of the boundary points determining the size of the property. However, in addition to typical factors considered when determining the boundary point positions, such as accuracy of geodetic networks and measurement errors, the global and local crustal deformation, resulting, e.g., from the movement of tectonic plates, should be considered. In this work, the focus is on the movement of points inside the European plate due to tectonic movement, without taking into account local events caused by erosion, landslides, etc. The study area is Europe, and particular attention was paid to Poland, which is located in the centre of the European continent and does not have significant anomalous sub-areas, making it an authoritative research object. In this study, we analysed the velocity of point displacements and the boundary deformation, using GPS observations. For this reason, we used both global (IGS) and regional (ETRF) reference frames, to show differences in point velocities for the studied areas. Overall, for the needs of the real estate cadastre in Poland, information about parcel boundary points must be obtained with an accuracy better than 0.30 m. Within 25 years, the border mark may be shifted by 0.13 m due to tectonic plate movement, which is within the required accuracy. Pursuant to the current legal regulations, the measurements of the boundary points can be performed with any method, ensuring the required accuracy (0.30 m). The most commonly used are direct measurements (GNSS and tacheometry) and photogrammetric measurements. It is recommended that periodic verifications and update of the cadastre data in Poland be carried out at least once every 15 years. In the case of such relatively frequent verification and possible modernisation of data, the potential impact of tectonic plate movement on the relative boundary point displacement can be ignored, particularly in the short term. However, for a long time period it has an influence. We suggest “relatively frequent” cadastral boundary verification to be able to ignore such influence.

scholarly journals What Is the Impact of Tectonic Plate Movement on Country Size? A Long-Term Forecast

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4872
Author(s):  
Kamil Maciuk ◽  
Michal Apollo ◽  
Anita Kukulska-Kozieł ◽  
Paulina Lewińska
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
Metric Analysis ◽  
Lithospheric Plates ◽  
The Impact

The Earth’s surface is under permanent alteration with the area of some nations growing or shrinking due to natural or man-made processes, for example sea level change. Here, based on the NUVEL 1A model, we forecast (in 10, 25, and 50 years) the changes in area for countries that are located on the border of the major tectonic plates. In the analysis we identify countries that are projected to gain or lose land due to the tectonic plate movement only. Over the next 50 years, the global balance of area gains (0.4 km2) and losses (12.7 km2) is negative. Thus, due to the movements of lithospheric plates, the land surface of the Earth will decrease by 12 km2 in 50 years. Overall, the changes are not that spectacular, as in the case of changes in sea/water levels, but in some smaller countries, projected losses exceed a few thousand square metres a year, e.g., in Nepal the losses exceed 10,000 m2 year−1. Methodologically, this paper finds itself between metric analysis and essay, trying to provoke useful academic discussion and incite educators’ interests to illustrate to students the tectonic movement and its force. Limitations of the used model have been discussed in the methodology section.

scholarly journals Crustal deformation of Eastern Indonesia regions derived from 2010-2018 GNSS Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012089
Author(s):  
Suchi Rahmadani ◽  
Irwan Meilano ◽  
Dina A. Sarsito ◽  
Susilo
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Philippine Sea Plate ◽  
Tectonic Deformation ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Earthquake Potential ◽  
Gps Velocity Field

Abstract Eastern Indonesia lies in a complex tectonic region due to the interaction of four major tectonic plates: the Australian Plate, Pacific Plate, Philippine Sea Plate, and Sunda Block. Therefore, this region hosted some destructive seismic activities as well as tectonic deformation, such as the Mw 7.5 Palu Earthquake, the sequences of the 2018 Lombok Earthquake, and the Mw 6.5 Ambon Earthquake in 2019. Our work proposes a recent study on crustal deformation in Eastern Indonesia inferred from Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity field. We used GPS data from the observations of 49 permanent and 61 campaign stations from 2010 to 2018. Here, our velocity field result represents long-term tectonic deformation regions in Eastern Indonesia continuously, from Bali in the west to Papua in the east, demonstrated both in the ITRF 2008 and the Sunda reference frames. The spatial pattern of velocity field map collected from this research will give an initial insight into the present-day tectonic condition in Eastern Indonesia and then can be used to improve our ability to assess this area’s earthquake potential.

scholarly journals Determination of Motion Parameters of Selected Major Tectonic Plates Based on GNSS Station Positions and Velocities in the ITRF2014

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5342
Author(s):  
Marcin Jagoda
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Stable Solution ◽  
Plate Motion ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Sequential Method ◽  
Angular Rotation ◽  
African Plate ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
Motion Parameters

Current knowledge about tectonic plate movement is widely applied in numerous scientific fields; however, questions still remain to be answered. In this study, the focus is on the determination and analysis of the parameters that describe tectonic plate movement, i.e., the position (F and L) of the rotation pole and angular rotation speed (w). The study was based on observational material, namely the positions and velocities of the GNSS stations in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014), and based on these data, the motion parameters of five major tectonic plates were determined. All calculations were performed using software based on a least squares adjustment procedure that was developed by the author. The following results were obtained: for the African plate, Φ = 49.15 ± 0.10°, Λ = −80.82 ± 0.30°, and ω = 0.267 ± 0.001°/Ma; for the Australian plate, Φ = 32.94 ± 0.05°, Λ = 37.70 ± 0.12°, and ω = 0.624 ± 0.001°/Ma; for the South American plate, Φ = –19.03 ± 0.20°, Λ = −119.78 ± 0.39°, and ω = 0.117 ± 0.001°/Ma; for the Pacific plate, Φ = −62.45 ± 0.07°, Λ = 111.01 ± 0.14°, and ω = 0.667 ± 0.001°/Ma; and for the Antarctic plate, Φ = 61.54 ± 0.30°, Λ = −123.01 ± 0.49°, and ω = 0.241 ± 0.003°/Ma. Then, the results were compared with the geological plate motion model NNR-MORVEL56 and the geodetic model ITRF2014 PMM, with good agreement. In the study, a new approach is proposed for determining plate motion parameters, namely the sequential method. This method allows one to optimize the data by determining the minimum number of stations required for a stable solution and by identifying the stations that negatively affect the quality of the solution and increase the formal errors of the determined parameters. It was found that the stability of the solutions of the F, L, and w parameters varied depending on the parameters and the individual tectonic plates.

scholarly journals Implementasi Google Maps API Pemetaan Jalur Evakuasi Bencana Alam di Kabupatem Lombok Utara

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Khaerul Yasin ◽  
Ahmat Adil
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
Google Maps ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
Australian Plate ◽  
Evacuation Routes

Basically, Indonesia is traversed by three active tectonic plates namely the Indo-Australian Plate in the south, and the Eurasian Plate in the north and the Pacific Plate in the east. The plates collide with each other because the Indo-Australian Plate movement drops below the Eurasian plate. As a result of this accumulation, it caused earthquakes, volcanoes, and faults or faults in parts of Indonesia. In the Geographic Information System evacuation routes will be used by Google maps Api to implement the spatial map making of evacuation routes. Google Map Api is an application interface that can be accessed via javascript so that Google Map can be displayed on the web page that we are building. The result or output to be achieved is the creation of a geographic information system mapping natural disaster evacuation route in the North Lombok district that can be run on a Web platform. Based on the trials conducted it can be concluded that this application can help the community to find the location of evacuation routes and gathering points in accordance with the districts and villages where they live.

scholarly journals Analysis of Sangihe Islands Movements derived from Recent GPS Observation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Fitranto Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Deformation Analysis ◽  
Normal Strain ◽  
Vertical Deformation ◽  
Horizontal Deformation ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Monitoring Point ◽  
Plate Movement

Sangihe Islands is one of the districts located in the border region of the Republic of Indonesia precisely located in North Sulawesi Province which borders with the Philippines. Sangihe subduction zone is a subduction between the Sangihe plate and the Maluku sea plate. (Di Leo, et al., 2012). This situation causes the Sangihe Islands region to be very prone to earthquake and others disasters, so mitigation efforts are needed to minimize casualties and losses in other material forms. One of these efforts is mapping the potential of earthquakes through Geodynamic studies which are represented at the point of deformation control. This study is using four times GNSS observations epoch 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018 tied to ITRF 2014. The data used for 3D deformation analysis with the multiepoch method to calculate the movement speed of the Sangihe plate and simultaneous tectonic plate strain observation. The results of this study are the coordinates and accuracy values of monitoring point also the plate movement speed and annual tectonic plate strain values. The movement speed of the Sangihe plate is SGH1 point is having horizontal deformation of 9.88 mm / year to the southeast and vertical deformation descend by 58.66 mm/year. SGH3 point is having horizontal deformation of 12.74 mm/year to the southeast and vertical deformation descend by 18.51 mm/year. SGH4 point is having horizontal deformation of 19.04 mm/year to the southeast and vertical deformation descend by 5.27 mm/ year. This research also proves the hypothesis of a change in the volume of the Sangihe Islands tectonic plate based on the values of normal strain parameters and shear strain in the fraction of 10-6 to 10-4 strains.

scholarly journals Development of Parameter Transformation of Indonesian Geospatial Reference System 2013

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Syetiawan ◽  
Dadan Ramdani ◽  
Ayu Nur Safii ◽  
Yustisi Ardhitasari ◽  
Lumban Gaol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Coordinate Transformation ◽  
Reference System ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Global Coordinate System ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Plate Movement ◽  
National Coordinate ◽  
Transformation Parameters

DGN95 is a static geospatial reference system, in which the change in the value of coordinates towards time as a result of tectonic plate movement and deformation of the earth’s crust, is not considered. Changes in the value of coordinates towards time need to be considered in defining a geospatial reference system for the territory of Indonesia. This is because the territory of Indonesia is located between several tectonic plates which are very dynamic and active. This area of IndoneFor this reason, SRGI2013 was born, a national coordinate system that was consistent and compatible with the global coordinate system. SRGI considers changes in coordinates based on time functions. Problems arise when the coordinates of the old pillar still use the DGN95 datum reference system. Many published maps or geodetic control network use the old coordinate system, then the mapping user has difficulty getting the conversion of coordinates change aforesaid. The purpose of this study is to produce coordinate transformation parameters to change the coordinates of the old datum (DGN95) into coordinates in the SRGI2013 datum. The results of the transformation parameters resulted are used to change coordinates that are still in the old datum. In addition to making it easier for users to transform coordinates. The coordinate transformation method used uses the 3-dimensional coordinate transformation of the Bursa-Wolf model (7 parameters) and the Affinity model (10 parameters).

scholarly journals Experimentally friendly approach towards nonlocal correlations in multisetting N-partite Bell scenarios

Quantum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Artur Barasiński ◽  
Antonín Černoch ◽  
Wiesław Laskowski ◽  
Karel Lemr ◽  
Tamás Vértesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Reference Frames ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Bell Inequalities ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Local Realism ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Feasible Alternative

In this work, we study a recently proposed operational measure of nonlocality by Fonseca and Parisio [Phys. Rev. A 92, 030101(R) (2015)] which describes the probability of violation of local realism under randomly sampled observables, and the strength of such violation as described by resistance to white noise admixture. While our knowledge concerning these quantities is well established from a theoretical point of view, the experimental counterpart is a considerably harder task and very little has been done in this field. It is caused by the lack of complete knowledge about the facets of the local polytope required for the analysis. In this paper, we propose a simple procedure towards experimentally determining both quantities for N-qubit pure states, based on the incomplete set of tight Bell inequalities. We show that the imprecision arising from this approach is of similar magnitude as the potential measurement errors. We also show that even with both a randomly chosen N-qubit pure state and randomly chosen measurement bases, a violation of local realism can be detected experimentally almost 100% of the time. Among other applications, our work provides a feasible alternative for the witnessing of genuine multipartite entanglement without aligned reference frames.

A boundary determination problem in steady-state heat conduction – a solution and sensitivity analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 2351-2362
Author(s):  
Leszek Hożejowski
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Sensitivity Factor ◽  
Unknown Boundary ◽  
Trefftz Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Boundary Points ◽  
Boundary Reconstruction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a numerical procedure for discrete identification of the missing part of the domain boundary in a heat conduction problem. A new approach to sensitivity analysis is intended to give a better understanding of the influence of measurement error on boundary reconstruction. Design/methodology/approach The solution of Laplace’s equation is obtained using the Trefftz method, and then each of the sought boundary points can be derived numerically from a nonlinear equation. The sensitivity analysis comes down to the analytical evaluation of a sensitivity factor. Findings The proposed method very accurately recovers the unknown boundary, including irregular shapes. Even a very large number of the boundary points can be determined without causing computational problems. The sensitivity factor provides quantitative assessment of the relationship between the temperature measurement errors and boundary identification errors. The numerical examples show that some boundary reconstruction problems are error-sensitive by nature but such problems can be recognized with the use of a sensitive factor. Originality/value The present approach based on the Trefftz method separates, in terms of computation, specification of the coefficients appearing in the Trefftz method and missing coordinates of the sought boundary points. Due to introducing a sensitivity factor, a more profound sensitivity analysis was successfully conducted.

Clustering Boundary Points Detection Algorithm Based on Gradient Binarization

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 2358-2363
Author(s):  
Yu Zhen He ◽  
Chun Hong Wang ◽  
Bao Zhi Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Boundary Point ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Grid Technology ◽  
Gradient Operator ◽  
Boundary Points ◽  
Cluster Boundary ◽  
Novel Algorithm

In order to detect the boundary points of clustering efficiently, we proposed a novel algorithm which combined grid technology and gradient operator. In this algorithm the grid technology is used to enhance the speed of the data processing, and Prewitt gradient operator is applied to calculate gradient in 3×3 grid region from eight directions, the maximum being the central grid gradient. The gradient is used to judge whether the grid is the boundary grid or not, and a point in the boundary grid is a boundary point. Putting the method of image boundary processing into the practice of processing cluster boundary is a fresh idea for the research on cluster boundary. The experimental results indicate that this algorithm can effectively detect boundary of clusters in datasets with noises/outliers and have high running efficiency.

Plate tectonic modelling: review and perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTIAN VÉRARD
Keyword(s):  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Dual Control ◽  
Plate Tectonic ◽  
Joint Effort ◽  
Tectonic Plate ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Tectonic Plates ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Tectonic Boundaries

AbstractSince the 1970s, numerous global plate tectonic models have been proposed to reconstruct the Earth's evolution through deep time. The reconstructions have proven immensely useful for the scientific community. However, we are now at a time when plate tectonic models must take a new step forward. There are two types of reconstructions: those using a ‘single control’ approach and those with a ‘dual control’ approach. Models using the ‘single control’ approach compile quantitative and/or semi-quantitative data from the present-day world and transfer them to the chosen time slices back in time. The reconstructions focus therefore on the position of tectonic elements but may ignore (partially or entirely) tectonic plates and in particular closed tectonic plate boundaries. For the readers, continents seem to float on the Earth's surface. Hence, the resulting maps look closer to what Alfred Wegener did in the early twentieth century and confuse many people, particularly the general public. With the ‘dual control’ approach, not only are data from the present-day world transferred back to the chosen time slices, but closed plate tectonic boundaries are defined iteratively from one reconstruction to the next. Thus, reconstructions benefit from the wealth of the plate tectonic theory. They are physically coherent and are suited to the new frontier of global reconstruction: the coupling of plate tectonic models with other global models. A joint effort of the whole community of geosciences will surely be necessary to develop the next generation of plate tectonic models.

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