scholarly journals Influence of Feedstock and Final Pyrolysis Temperature on Breaking Strength and Dust Production of Wood-Derived Biochars

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11871
Author(s):  
María Videgain ◽  
Joan J. Manyà ◽  
Mariano Vidal ◽  
Eva Cristina Correa ◽  
Belén Diezma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Holm Oak ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Biomass Feedstock ◽  
Processing Bodies ◽  
Applied Forces ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The susceptibility to fragmentation of biochar is an important property to consider in field applications. Physical and mechanical properties of wood-derived biochars from vine shoots and holm oak were studied to evaluate the effect of biomass feedstock, final pyrolysis temperature and application conditions. Vine shoots and holm oak pruning residues were selected for biochar production. Slow pyrolysis experiments were conducted at two different final temperatures (400 and 600 °C). Physical and chemical characteristics of biomass and biochars were determined. Impact strength was evaluated through the measurement of the gravitational potential energy per unit area (J mm−2) necessary for the breakage of biochar fragments. Shear strength (N mm−2) and a combination of shear/compression strengths (N) were analyzed using a Universal Texture Analyzer. A particular mechanical treatment was carried out on biochar samples to simulate the processing bodies of a commercial manure spreader, under two gravimetric moisture contents. Holm oak-derived biochar was more resistant than vine shoot-derived biochar to the applied forces. Vine shoots-derived biochar did not show a significantly different mechanical behavior between temperatures. Holm Oak-derived biochar produced at the higher final pyrolysis temperature showed higher resistance to be broken into smaller pieces. Moistening resulted in an adequate practice to improve mechanical spreading.

scholarly journals Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Bitumen Emulsion ◽  
Main Disadvantage ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

Research on Improving the Properties of Wool Fabric with Low-Temperature Plasma

2011 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 338-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li Qiao ◽  
Wen Fang Yang ◽  
Qing Fu Zhang ◽  
Xiao Xing Shen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
Breaking Strength ◽  
Wool Fabric ◽  
Low Temperature Plasma ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Wetting Property ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This paper discussed the influences of plasma processing time and power on wool fibers, the results showed that: after plasma treatment, the surface of the wool fibers occurred varying degrees of physical and chemical etching phenomenon, the wetting property was increased significantly, anti-shrinkage performance was improved. Breaking strength and elongation at fracture were increased; the beginning of dyeing properties and the balance rate were increased.

scholarly journals Hydrodynamic cavitation as an energy efficient process to increase biochar surface area and porosity: a case study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Albanese ◽  
Silvia Baronti ◽  
Francesca Liguori ◽  
Francesco Meneguzzo ◽  
Pierluigi Barbaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Hydrodynamic Cavitation ◽  
Volume Distribution ◽  
Single Experiment ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
First Time ◽  
Temperature Heating

The effectivity of biochar as soil amendment is depending by its physical and chemical characteristics that are related to the type and the features of the thermal production process, such as peak temperature, heating rate, holding time, as well as from the used feedstocks. The textural characteristics of biochar in term of surface area, pore size and pore volume distribution, important for the physicochemical properties of the material, are critically dependent on the production process and the feedstock type. In this study, based on a single biochar type and a single experiment, for the first time controlled hydrodynamic cavitation was proven as a fast and effective way to enhance the biochar surface area by as much as 120%, while preserving or improving the respective chemical composition, showing far higher efficiency than the conventional increase of the peak pyrolysis temperature.

scholarly journals Optimization of Dry Construction Mix with the Addition of Biochar from Reclaimed Rice Straw in the Agro-Industrial Complex

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (3) ◽  
pp. 032071
Author(s):  
A Smolyanichenko ◽  
Y Shcherban ◽  
S Stel’makh ◽  
A Khalyushev ◽  
Y Zherebtsov
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Mathematical Planning ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
By Products

Abstract Currently, the actual problem is the disposal of various by-products of the agro-industrial complex. This direction practically does not develop, but is solved only by burning them, which leads to air pollution. The article contains physical and chemical studies of a byproduct from rice production, namely rice straw. In the process of recycling rice straw at a temperature of 600°C, biochar is formed, which can be used as a micro-filling additive for dry mortar. Using the method of mathematical planning of the experiment (FFE 2k), optimization was carried out and the optimal composition of the dry mortar was obtained, containing up to 10% of biochar. It has been established that the introduction of biochar in the optimal dosage improves the physical and mechanical properties of the dry mortar in comparison with the control composition on average by: average density – 3%, water absorption – 17%, compressive strength – 12%, tensile strength at bending – 24%, adhesion strength – 55%..

Adsorption of Cr6+ and Pb2+ on soy sauce residue biochar from aqueous solution

BioResources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 4653-4669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxun Xu ◽  
Chenying Zhou ◽  
Shirong Zhang ◽  
Zhang Cheng ◽  
Zhanbiao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Biochar produced by the pyrolysis of biomass can be used to counter water pollution from heavy metals. The purpose of this work was to develop a biosorbent based on soy sauce residue (SSR) for the removal of Cr6+ and Pb2+. The SSR biochar (SBC) from oxygen-limited pyrolysis under the temperatures of 300 to 700 °C were obtained, and their adsorption capability was evaluated. After determining the optimum pyrolysis temperature, the effects of initial pH values, contact times, and initial metal concentrations on the Cr6+ and Pb2+ adsorption by SBC prepared at 600 °C (SBC600) were investigated. With the increase of pyrolysis temperature, the physical and chemical properties of SBC developed in a direction favorable to heavy metal adsorption. The SBC600 reached the adsorption equilibrium at the time of 2 (Cr6+) and 24 h (Pb2+), and the maximum adsorption amounts of Cr6+ and Pb2+ were 25.80 and 135.3 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation, and the adsorption isotherms was best described by the Langmuir isotherms. The SBC was an adsorbent with certain potential for heavy metals removal in wastewater.

Peeling and Gluing Study of Khaya anthotheca for Ply and Particle Board

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Md. Rahaman ◽  
Khurshid Akhter ◽  
Md. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Shear Load ◽  
Particle Board ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Press Temperature ◽  
Press Time

Logs of Khaya anthotheca wood has been studied for assessing the suitability of plywood and particleboard manufacture. It was found that 1.5 mm thick smooth and figured veneer can be made and dried easily. Three-ply plywood were made using veneer of this species bonded with liquid urea formaldehyde glue of 50% solid content extended with wheat flour and catalyzed (ammonium chloride) with 2% hardener under the specific pressures, viz, 1.05 N/mm2, 1.40 N/mm2, 1.76 N/mm2 in three replications at 6 minute press time and 120°C press temperature. Dry and wet shear test were conducted on the sample and their shear load at failure per unit area and percentage of wood failure were determined. 1.05 N/mm2 pressure for the manufacture of ply wood was found to be the best. The physical and mechanical properties of K.anthotheca particleboard were studied. The particleboards were tested for determining the strength and dimensional stability. The tensile strength (internal bond strength 0.68 N/mm2) passed the German and British standard specifications; bending strength (modules of rupture 11.25 N/mm2) passed the Indian Standard but did not pass the German and British standard specifications.

Rehabilitation of RC Structures Exposed to Salinity and Moisture Using CFRP

2014 ◽  
Vol 567 ◽  
pp. 488-493
Author(s):  
H. Fazli ◽  
Teo Wee
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Advanced Composite Materials ◽  
Cfrp Composite ◽  
Marine Concrete ◽  
General Rehabilitation ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Marine concrete structures such as harbors, ports and bridges are exposed simultaneously to the action of physical and chemical deterioration processes. Deterioration of marine concrete structures and its rehabilitation are challenges of the world of today. Recently, the increasing usage of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite appears to be a solution for rehabilitation and strengthening of the concrete structures because of its physical and mechanical properties, such as high strength-to-weight ratio, high corrosion /environmental degradation resistance, and easy to handle during construction. In general, rehabilitation of concrete structures is usually done by two types of materials, it is either using cementitious or advanced composite materials. The aim of this paper is to address the issues and challenges of concrete structures in marine environments and strengthening these structures. In the initial part of this paper, an overview of the problems associated with marine environment on concrete structure will be discussed.

scholarly journals Zero→Two-Dimensional Metal Nanostructures: An Overview on Methods of Preparation, Characterization, Properties, and Applications

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1895
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Xiaohua Chen ◽  
Zidong Wang ◽  
Yuzhi Zhu ◽  
Shiwei Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Characteristic Size ◽  
Metal Nanostructures ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Metal nanostructured materials, with many excellent and unique physical and mechanical properties compared to macroscopic bulk materials, have been widely used in the fields of electronics, bioimaging, sensing, photonics, biomimetic biology, information, and energy storage. It is worthy of noting that most of these applications require the use of nanostructured metals with specific controlled properties, which are significantly dependent on a series of physical parameters of its characteristic size, geometry, composition, and structure. Therefore, research on low-cost preparation of metal nanostructures and controlling of their characteristic sizes and geometric shapes are the keys to their development in different application fields. The preparation methods, physical and chemical properties, and application progress of metallic nanostructures are reviewed, and the methods for characterizing metal nanostructures are summarized. Finally, the future development of metallic nanostructure materials is explored.

scholarly journals Rubber Material Properties of Several Rubber Tree Strains

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 03001
Author(s):  
Wang Kaidian ◽  
Han Quanhui ◽  
Lu qingzhi ◽  
Chen Zhanxiong ◽  
Li Jianhui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Rubber Material ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Processing Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

：The rubber from rubber tree strain reyan 8-79 (hainan), zhanshi 218-6 (guangdong), yunyan 73-46 and yunyan 75-11 (yunnan) were tested to determine the physical and chemical properties, processing properties of raw rubber and physical and mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber. The results showed that raw rubber from different tree strains had different physical and chemical properties, processing properties,andthe physical and mechanical properties of vulcanized rubber were different as well. Yunyan 75-11 had the highest mooney viscosity, Reyan 8-79 had the highest protein content, Zhanshi 218-6 had the best tensile and tearing strength, Yunyan 73-46 had small elastic modulus, large loss factor and good processing properties.

scholarly journals Retention of Contaminants Elements from Tailings from Lead Mine Washing Plants in Ceramics for Bricks

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽  
Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽  
Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽  
Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Mining Waste ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Mining Wastes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Mining activity is essential for the social welfare of the population. However, this activity produces a series of mining waste. These mining wastes, if not properly treated, can produce significant environmental pollution. This study develops the incorporation of tailings from washing plants in ceramic materials for bricks in order to retain the contaminating elements in the ceramic matrix. To this end, firstly, a physical and chemical characterisation of the mining waste is carried out and different groups of samples are conformed with clay and mining waste. These conformed samples with mining waste are evaluated through different physical and mechanical tests typical in the ceramic industry, studying the variation of properties by the incorporation of the waste. In turn, the leachates from the groups of conformed samples are analyzed, confirming the retention of the contaminating elements of the mining waste in the ceramic matrix. The results of these tests showed that ceramics can be made for bricks with up to 90% mining waste, obtaining physical and mechanical properties acceptable regarding the regulations and retaining the contaminating elements in the ceramic matrix, as confirmed by the leachate tests.

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