scholarly journals Cross-Sectional Performance of Hollow Square Prisms with Rounded Edges

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 996
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shima ◽  
Nao Furukawa ◽  
Yuhei Kameyama ◽  
Akio Inoue ◽  
Motohiro Sato
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hollow Section ◽  
Buckling Resistance ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Sectional Shape

Hollow-section columns are one of the mechanically superior structures with high buckling resistance and high bending stiffness. The mechanical properties of the column are strongly influenced by the cross-sectional shape. Therefore, when evaluating the stability of a column against external forces, it is necessary to reproduce the cross-sectional shape accurately. In this study, we propose a mathematical method to describe a polygonal section with rounded edges and vertices. This mathematical model would be quite useful for analyzing the mechanical properties of plants and designing plant-mimicking functional structures, since the cross-sections of the actual plant culms and stems often show rounded polygons.

Comparison of the Cross Sectional Area, the Loss in Volume and the Mechanical Properties of LAE442 and MgCa0.8 as Resorbable Magnesium Alloy Implants after 12 Months Implantation Duration

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Thomann ◽  
Nina von der Höh ◽  
Dirk Bormann ◽  
Dina Rittershaus ◽  
C. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Initial Strength ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
The Cross

Current research focuses on magnesium based alloys in the course of searching a resorbable osteosynthetic material which provides sufficient mechanical properties besides a good biocompatibility. Previous studies reported on a favorable biocompatibility of the alloys LAE442 and MgCa0.8. The present study compared the degradation process of cylindrical LAE442 and MgCa0.8 implants after 12 months implantation duration. Therefore, 10 extruded implants (2.5 x 25 mm, cross sectional area 4.9 mm²) of both alloys were implanted into the medullary cavity of both tibiae of rabbits for 12 months. After euthanization, the right bone-implant-compound was scanned in a µ-computed tomograph (µCT80, ScancoMedical) and nine uniformly distributed cross-sections of each implant were used to determine the residual implants´ cross sectional area (Software AxioVisionRelease 4.5, Zeiss). Left implants were taken out of the bone carefully. After weighing, a three-point bending test was carried out. LAE442 implants degraded obviously slower and more homogeneously than MgCa0.8. The mean residual cross sectional area of LAE442 implants was 4.7 ± 0.07 mm². MgCa0.8 showed an area of only 2.18 ± 1.03 mm². In contrast, the loss in volume of LAE442 pins was more obvious. They lost 64 % of their initial weight. The volume of MgCa0.8 reduced clearly to 54.4 % which corresponds to the cross sectional area results. Three point bending tests revealed that LAE442 showed a loss in strength of 71.2 % while MgCa0.8 lost 85.6 % of its initial strength. All results indicated that LAE442 implants degraded slowly, probably due to the formation of a very obvious degradation layer. Degradation of MgCa0.8 implants was far advanced.

Semicrystalline Structure and Mechanical Properties of Polyolefin-Based Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 713-716
Author(s):  
Mizue Kuriyagawa ◽  
Koh Hei Nitta
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Draw Ratio ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Structural Point

The mechanical yielding and necking behaviors of metallocene-catalyzed high density polyethylenes were investigated from a structural point of view. In particular the natural draw ratio was investigated with different crosshead speeds, molecular weights, and the cross-section shapes of sample specimens. We proposed a structural model for explaining the necking formation in addition to the molecular weight and the cross-sectional shape dependences of the natural draw ratio.

scholarly journals Twist-to-bend ratio: an important selective factor for many rod-shaped biological structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Wolff-Vorbeck ◽  
Max Langer ◽  
Olga Speck ◽  
Thomas Speck ◽  
Patrick Dondl
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Phase Field ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Torsional Rigidity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Biological Structures ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape

AbstractMechanical optimisation plays a key role in living beings either as an immediate response of individuals or as an evolutionary adaptation of populations to changing environmental conditions. Since biological structures are the result of multifunctional evolutionary constraints, the dimensionless twist-to-bend ratio is particularly meaningful because it provides information about the ratio of flexural rigidity to torsional rigidity determined by both material properties (bending and shear modulus) and morphometric parameters (axial and polar second moment of area). The determination of the mutual contributions of material properties and structural arrangements (geometry) or their ontogenetic alteration to the overall mechanical functionality of biological structures is difficult. Numerical methods in the form of gradient flows of phase field functionals offer a means of addressing this question and of analysing the influence of the cross-sectional shape of the main load-bearing structures on the mechanical functionality. Three phase field simulations were carried out showing good agreement with the cross-sections found in selected plants: (i) U-shaped cross-sections comparable with those of Musa sp. petioles, (ii) star-shaped cross-sections with deep grooves as can be found in the lianoid wood of Condylocarpon guianense stems, and (iii) flat elliptic cross-sections with one deep groove comparable with the cross-sections of the climbing ribbon-shaped stems of Bauhinia guianensis.

Bounds on the Maximum Thermoelastic Stress and Deflection in a Beam and Plate

1966 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno A. Boley
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Thermoelastic Stress ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
End Conditions ◽  
Instantaneous Temperature ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape

It is shown in this paper that the thermal stress in a beam or plate cannot exceed the value kαEΔT, where ΔT is the maximum instantaneous temperature excursion in a cross section, and k is a coefficient dependent on the shape of the cross section. A simple general formula for k is found, and results for several special cases of practical interest are given. For rectangular beams (suitably oriented) and for plates, for example, k = 4/3. For any section, k = 1 if the thermal moment is zero; simplifications also occur if the thermal force is zero. The corresponding results for beam deflections are also carried out: The maximum deflection cannot exceed the value kδ kδ′αLΔT, where kδ and kδ′ are coefficients depending respectively on the cross-sectional shape and on the end conditions. For example, for rectangular cross sections, kδ = 3/4; and for a simply supported beam, kδ′ = 1/8.

Sensitivities in the Production and Design of EPDM Rubber Springs

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Naveh ◽  
J. Vittoser ◽  
Z. Glikman ◽  
S. Putter
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Moduli ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epdm Rubber ◽  
Crosslinker Content ◽  
Design Production ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Extended Program ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape

Abstract Modeling and robustness are two major concerns in the design and fabrication of rubber springs. This work is part of an extended program to investigate the relationships between rubber formulation, spring design, production variables, and spring performance throughout their useful life. The robustness of an EPDM compound to variations in composition or process parameters has been evaluated. The effect of crosslinker content, source of carbon black and mixing, was assessed in terms of standard mechanical properties. The elastic moduli were measured on lab size specimens and used to successfully model the behavior of a large toroidal rubber spring. Modeling included tailoring the cross-sectional shape and chamfering the corners to reduce strain levels, thus enabling spring compression up to 25% of its height with moderate strain. The spring behavior is unaffected by the scatter in friction at assembly stage or during service. The cross-sectional shape is shown to be a major factor in the spring behavior.

scholarly journals Influence of the Cross–Sectional Shape and Corner Radius on the Compressive Behaviour of Concrete Columns Confined by FRP and Stirrups

Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Yang Wei ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Gaofei Wang ◽  
Xunyu Cheng ◽  
Guofen Li
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Confined Concrete ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compressive Behaviour ◽  
Corner Radius ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape

Axial compression tests were carried out on 72 FRP (fiber reinforced polymer)–stirrup composite−confined concrete columns. Stirrups ensure the residual bearing capacity and ductility after the FRP fractures. To reduce the effect of stress concentration at the corners of the confined square−section concrete columns and improve the restraint effect, an FRP–stirrup composite−confined concrete structure with rounded corners is proposed. Different corner radii of the stirrup and outer FRP were designed, and the corner radius of the stirrup was adjusted accurately to meet the designed corner radius of the outer FRP. The cross−section of the specimens gradually changed from square to circular as the corner radius increased. The influence of the cross−sectional shape and corner radius on the compressive behaviour of FRP–stirrup composite−confined concrete was analysed. An increase in the corner radius can cause the strain distribution of the FRP to be more uniform and strengthen the restraint effect. The larger the corner radius of the specimen, the better the improvement of mechanical properties. The strength of the circular section specimen was greatly improved. In addition, the test parameters also included the FRP layers, FRP types and stirrup spacing. With the same corner radius, increasing the number of FRP layers or densifying the stirrup spacing effectively improved the mechanical properties of the specimens. Finally, a database of FRP–stirrup composite−confined concrete column test results with different corner radii was established. The general calculation models were proposed, respectively, for the peak points, ultimate points and stress–strain models that are applicable to FRP−, stirrup− and FRP–stirrup−confined concrete columns with different cross−sectional shapes under axial compression.

Design of C-Frames Using Real-Coded Genetic Optimization Algorithms and NURBS

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf O. Nassef ◽  
Hesham A. Hegazi ◽  
Sayed M. Metwalli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithms ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Binary Representation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Search Spaces ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape ◽  
Real Coded Genetic Algorithms

Abstract C-frames constitute a large portion of machine tools that are currently used in industry. Examples of these frames include drilling machines, presses, punching and stamping machines, clamps, hooks, etc. The design parameters of these frames include the dimensions of their cross-sections, which should be chosen to withstand the applied loads and minimize the element’s overall weight. Traditionally, the cross-section of C-frame belonged to a set of primitive shapes, which included I, T, trapezoidal and rectangular sections. This paper introduces a new methodology for designing the frame’s cross-section. The cross-sectional shape is represented using non-uniform rational B-Spline (NURBS) in order to give it a form of shape flexibility. A special form of genetic algorithms known as real-coded genetic algorithms is used to conduct the search for the design objectives. Real-coded genetic algorithms are known to outperform the simple binary representation genetic algorithms when dealing with continuous search spaces. The results showed that the optimal shape was a semi I/T-section with the material bulk related to the applied load.

FEA on the Roller Bracing Structure of Pellet Mill

2012 ◽  
Vol 499 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Jian Yun Peng ◽  
Kai Wu ◽  
S.J. Shi ◽  
B.B. Peng ◽  
Y. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Important Influence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Structure System ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
Main Index ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Sectional Shape

In feed industry, the production efficiency is the main index to judge the performance of pellet mill. The stability of the pelleting process has an important influence on the production efficiency, and the rigidity of the roller bracing structure has a great effect upon the stability of the pelleting process. To improve the rigidity, two extra supporting shafts were usually used in the roller bracing structure system. According to the positions where the supporting shafts locate, the cross-sectional shape and area of the supporting shafts, six different kinds of supporting schemes were designed in this paper. Then the deformation of the roller in different supporting schemes were comparatively analyzed. The analysis results can provide an important reference to improve the stabilization of the pelleting process.

Influence of Cross-Sectional Shape on the Flow in a Highly Bent Research Intake Duct for Jet Engines

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob P. Haug ◽  
Rudolf P. M. Rademakers ◽  
Marcel Stößel ◽  
Reinhard Niehuis
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Test Facility ◽  
Flow Distortion ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Safety Margins ◽  
Duct Geometry ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sectional Shape

In many modern aircraft concepts, civil as well as military ones, the engine is fully integrated into the fuselage. This integration often requires a highly bent intake duct. Due to the high degree of curvature and also the diffusive character of the intake duct, the inflow at the engine’s fan is non-uniform and may feature severe flow distortions. The size, strength, and pattern of these flow distortions may affect the engine’s compressor system and its safety margins. In this paper five highly bent intake duct geometries are analyzed by means of CFD. They evolve from the same baseline geometry but are defined by different crosssectional shapes. With this variation of the cross-sections, the influence of the cross-sectional shape on the aerodynamics of the intake duct is investigated qualitatively. Based on these analyses a sixth intake duct geometry was created as test vehicle for experimental investigation of intake-compressor interaction within the engine test facility. The defining cross-sectional shapes were selected in order to achieve a flow distortion at the duct outlet plane, that is small enough to ensure a safe engine operation, but is still strong enough to provoke interaction of the distorted flow and the compressor flow. The setup for these fully numerical investigations is based on previous studies of the aerodynamics of intake ducts at the Institute of Jet Propulsion. It is shown that the entrance cross-section has a strong influence on the flow throughout the whole intake duct. Additionally, it could be determined that the flow distortion caused by the strong curvature of the intake duct can be reduced in size and strength by a proper combination of cross-sectional shapes.

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