scholarly journals Rice Straw as a Natural Sorbent in a Filter System as an Approach to Bioremediate Diesel Pollution

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
Siti Hajar Taufik ◽  
Siti Aqlima Ahmad ◽  
Nur Nadhirah Zakaria ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Alyza Azzura Azmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Natural Sorbent ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Morphology Characterization

Rice straw, an agricultural waste product generated in huge quantities worldwide, is utilized to remediate diesel pollution as it possesses excellent characteristics as a natural sorbent. This study aimed to optimize factors that significantly influence the sorption capacity and the efficiency of oil absorption from diesel-polluted seawater by rice straw (RS). Spectroscopic analysis by attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and surface morphology characterization by variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX) were carried out in order to understand the sorbent capability. Optimization of the factors of temperature pre-treatment of RS (90, 100, 110, 120, 130 or 140 °C), time of heating (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 or 70 min), packing density (0.08, 0.10, 0.12, 0.14 or 0.16 g cm−3) and oil concentration (5, 10, 15, 20 or 25% (v/v)) was carried out using the conventional one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach. To eliminate any non-significant factors, a Plackett–Burman design (PBD) in the response surface methodology (RSM) was used. A central composite design (CCD) was used to identify the presence of significant interactions between factors. The quadratic model produced provided a very good fit to the data (R2 = 0.9652). The optimized conditions generated from the CCD were 120 °C, 10 min, 0.148 g cm−3 and 25% (v/v), and these conditions enhanced oil sorption capacity from 19.6 (OFAT) to 26 mL of diesel oil, a finding verified experimentally. This study provides an improved understanding of the use of a natural sorbent as an approach to remediate diesel pollution.

scholarly journals Coco Peat as Agricultural Waste Sorbent for Sustainable Diesel-Filter System

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Gayathiri Verasoundarapandian ◽  
Nur Nadhirah Zakaria ◽  
Noor Azmi Shaharuddin ◽  
Khalilah Abdul Khalil ◽  
Nurul Aini Puasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Packing Density ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Sorbent ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Sorbent Materials ◽  
Diesel Filter

Oil spill incidents are hazardous and have prolonged damage to the marine environment. Management and spill clean-up procedures are practical and rapid, with several shortcomings. Coco peat (CP) and coco fibre (CF) are refined from coconut waste, and their abundance makes them desirable for diesel spillage treatment. Using a filter-based system, the selectivity of coco peat sorbent was tested using CP, CF and peat-fibre mix (CPM). CP exhibited maximal diesel sorption capacity with minimal seawater uptake, thus being selected for further optimisation analysis. The heat treatment considerably improved the sorption capacity and efficiency of diesel absorbed by CP, as supported by FTIR and VPSEM–EDX analysis. Conventional one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) examined the performance of diesel sorption by CP under varying parameters, namely temperature, time of heating, packing density and diesel concentration. The significant factors were statistically evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) via Plackett–Burman design (PB) and central composite design (CCD). Three significant (p < 0.05) factors (time, packing density and diesel concentration) were identified by PB and further analysed for interactions among the parameters. CCD predicted efficiency of diesel absorbed at 59.92% (71.90 mL) (initial diesel concentration of 30% v/v) and the experimental model validated the design with 59.17% (71.00 mL) diesel sorbed at the optimised conditions of 14.1 min of heating (200 °C) with packing density of 0.08 g/cm3 and 30% (v/v) of diesel concentration. The performance of CP in RSM (59.17%) was better than that in OFAT (58.33%). The discoveries imply that natural sorbent materials such as CP in oil spill clean-up operations can be advantageous and environmentally feasible. This study also demonstrated the diesel-filter system as a pilot study for the prospective up-scale application of oil spills.

Utilization of rice straw and tea composts for strawberry and tomato production

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
R Ashrafi ◽  
RM Saiem ◽  
M Kamruzzaman ◽  
MSAA Mamun ◽  
HA Begum
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Yield And Quality

The use of agricultural waste is of great interest to sustainable agriculture. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effects of compost and compost tea made from agricultural waste rice straw on the yield and quality of two horticultural crops strawberry and tomato. In strawberry experiment, six treatments were considered which wereT1: 100% soil (as a control), T2: 80% soil + 20% compost, T3: 60% soil + 40% compost, T4: 40% soil + 60% compost, T5: 20% soil + 80% compost & T6: 100% compost. Results revealed that number of fruit, fruit yield and total sugar (%)was increased with the increasing level of compost up to 80% after that decreased at 100% compost. The treatment T5: 20% soil + 80% compost gave the best results among the treatments to grow strawberry with good yield (185.3 g/plant) and sweetness (total sugar 5.19%). On the other hand, six treatments i.e. T1: Control, T2: Compost (5 t/ha), T3: Compost tea (50% concentration), T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% concentration), T5: Compost tea (100% concentration) and T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% concentration) were considered in tomato experiment. As a result, it was observed that combined application of compost (5 t/ha) along with compost tea (100% conc.) (T6) gave the highest yield of tomato than not only control (T1) but also single application of compost or compost tea (T2, T3, T4&T5). Level of compost tea concentration also showed significant effect on fruit yield of tomato. Comparing between treatment T4 and T6, fruit yield was found higher (1027.67 g/plant) in treatment T6: Compost (5t/ha) + Compost tea (100% conc.) than 961.3 g/plant in T4: Compost (5 t/ha) + Compost tea (50% conc.). So, it could be summarized that use of rice straw as compost and compost tea affects positively both in two experiments. The results of this study confirm the beneficial effects of compost to increase the yield and sweetness of strawberry and combination of compost and compost tea to increase the yield of tomato. Progressive Agriculture 30 (4): 335-343, 2019

Bioethanol Production of Cellulase Producing Bacteria from Soils of Agrowaste Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 643-655
Author(s):  
A. Thomas ◽  
M. Laxmi ◽  
A. Benny
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Ethanolic Fermentation ◽  
Cellulose Bioconversion ◽  
Congo Red Staining ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

With decades of studies on cellulose bioconversion, cellulases have been playing an important role in producing fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. Copious microorganisms that are able to degrade cellulose have been isolated and identified. The present study has been undertaken to isolate and screen the cellulase producing bacteria from soils of agrowaste field. Cellulase production has been qualitatively analyzed in carboxy methylcellulose (CMC) agar medium after congo red staining and NaCl treatment by interpretation with zones around the potent colonies. Out of the seven isolates, only two showed cellulase production. The morphogical and molecular characterization revealed its identity as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The potential of organisms for bioethanol production has been investigated using two substrates, namely, paper and leaves by subjecting with a pre-treatment process using acid hydrolysis to remove lignin which acts as physical barrier to cellulolytic enzymes. Ethanolic fermentation was done using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 24-48 h and then the bioethanol produced was qualitatively proved by iodoform assay. These finding proves that ethanol can be made from the agricultural waste and the process is recommended as a means of generating wealth from waste.

scholarly journals A novel high performance metagenome-derived alkali-thermostable endo-β-1,4-glucanase for lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysis in the harsh conditions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh Ariaeenejad ◽  
Atefeh Sheykhabdolahzadeh ◽  
Morteza Maleki ◽  
Kaveh Kavousi ◽  
Mehdi Foroozandeh Shahraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
In Silico Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Harsh Condition

Abstract Background: Lignocellulosic biomass, is a great resource for the production of bio-energy and bio-based material since it is largely abundant, inexpensive and renewable. The requirement of new energy sources has led to a wide search for novel effective enzymes to improve the exploitation of lignocellulose, among which the importance of thermostable and halotolerant cellulase enzymes with high pH performance is significant. Results: The primary aim of this study was to discover a novel alkali-thermostable endo-β-1,4-glucanase from the sheep rumen metagenome. Using a multi-step in-silico analysis, primary candidates with desired properties were found and subjected to cloning, expression, and purification followed by functional and structural characterization. The enzymes' kinetic parameters, including V max , Km, and specific activity, were calculated. The PersiCel4 demonstrated its optimum activity at pH 8.5 and a temperature of 85°C and was able to retain more than 70% of its activity after 150 hours of storage at 85°C. Furthermore, this enzyme was able to maintain its catalytic activity in the presence of different concentrations of NaCl, MgCl 2 , CaCl 2 , and MnCl 2 . Our results showed that treatment with MnCl 2 could enhance the enzyme’s activity by 89%. PersiCel4 was ultimately used for enzymatic hydrolysis of autoclave pretreated rice straw, the most abundant agricultural waste with rich cellulose content. In autoclave treated rice straw, enzymatic hydrolysis with the PersiCel4 increased the release of reducing sugar up to 260% after 72 hours in the harsh condition ( T= 85°C, pH = 8.5). Conclusion: Considering the urgent demand for stable cellulases that are operational on extreme temperature and pH conditions and due to several proposed distinctive characteristics of PersiCel4, it can be used in the harsh condition for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM CORN COB

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-39
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Timothy BALOGUN
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Physiochemical Properties

The use of an agricultural waste product corn cob for the production of biodiesel has been performed. Biodiesel was obtained by extraction of the corn cob and used to produce biodiesel by transesterification, using a mixture of methanol and potassium hydroxide (methanoxide). The produced biodiesel was characterized, and the results of the physiochemical properties were as follows: viscosity, density, flash point, pH and refractive index. These values compare favourably with corresponding values of standard biodiesel.

scholarly journals Karakterisasi Bionanofiller Dari Limbah Padi Sebagai Alternatif Penguatan Pada Polimer Komposit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eryani . ◽  
Sri Aprilia ◽  
Farid Mulana
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Mechanical Properties Characterization

<p>Agricultural waste such as rice straw, rice husk and rice husk ash have not been utilized properly. This waste of agricultural produce can actually be used as an alternative to bionanofiller because it contains an excellent source of silica. The silica content contained in the rice waste when combined with the polymer matrix can produce composites having high thermal and mechanical properties. Characterization of bionanofiller from this rice waste is done by SEM, XRF, FTIR, XRD and particle density. The result of SEM analysis from this rice waste is feasible to be used as filler because it has size 1 μm. Likewise with the results of XRF analysis that rice waste contains a high enough silica component that is 80.6255% - 89.83%. FTIR test results also show that bionanoparticles from rice waste have the same content of silica. In the XRD analysis the best selective gain of rice waste is found in rice husk ash which is characteristic of amorp silica at a range of 2ϴ = 22<br />. The largest density analysis of paddy waste was found in rice husk 0.0419 gr / cm , followed by rice straw by of 0.0417 gr / cm 3 and rice hulk ash 0.0407 g / cm 3</p>

High Performance Alternative Diesel Engine Fuel using Modified Rice Straw Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehab Metwally ◽  
hassan Abu Hashish ◽  
Haitham Abd El-Samad ◽  
Mostafa Awad ◽  
Ghada Kadry
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Engine Fuel

Abstract Background: The world depends almost on fossil fuels. This leads to depletion of oil and an increase in environmental pollution. Therefore, the researchers search to find alternative fuels. Waste cooking oil (WCO) was selected as feedstock for biodiesel production to eliminates the pollution problems. The agricultural waste is very big and without cost, this leads to the use of the rice straw in preparing a catalyst for biodiesel production. Results: The reusability of the acidic catalyst confirmed that the conversion efficiency was high until after 8 cycles of the production. The highest conversion efficiency of the converting WCO extended to 90.38% with 92.5% maximum mass yield and methyl ester content 97.7% wt. at the optimized conditions. The result was indicating that B15 is the best blend for thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption. All emission concentrations decrease with increasing the engine load, especially for B15 fuels compared to the diesel oil.Conclusion: The novelty of this paper is assessing the methyl esters from the local WCO as an alternative fuel for diesel engines using a heterogeneous catalyst based on the agricultural waste. The performance of the diesel engines and its exhaust emissions have been experimentally investigated with the produced biodiesel of WCO as a blend (B10, B15, and B20) compared to the diesel.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of MgO-Modified Rice Straw Biochars

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5730
Author(s):  
Xianxian Qin ◽  
Jixin Luo ◽  
Zhigao Liu ◽  
Yunlin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Elementary Analysis

Rice straw is a common agricultural waste. In order to increase the added value of rice straw and improve the performance of rice straw biochar. MgO-modified biochar (MRBC) was prepared from rice straw at different temperatures, pyrolysis time and MgCl2 concentrations. The microstructure, chemical and crystal structure were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherms and Elementary Analysis (EA). The results showed that the pyrolysis temperature had significant influence on the structure and physicochemical property of MRBCs. MRBC-2 h has the richest microporous structure while MRBC-2 m has the richest mesoporous structure. The specific surface area (from 9.663 to 250.66 m2/g) and pore volume (from 0.042 to 0.158 cm3/g) of MRBCs increased as temperature rose from 300 to 600 °C. However, it was observed MgCl2 concentrations and pyrolysis time had no significant influence on pore structure of MRBCs. As pyrolysis temperature increased, pH increased and more oxygen-containing functional groups and mineral salts were formed, while MgO-modified yield, volatile matter, total content of hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, porosity and average pore diameter decreased. In addition, MRBCs formed at high temperature showed high C content with a low O/C and H/C ratios.

scholarly journals Decoration of Zinc Oxide Nanorods into the Surface of Activated Carbon Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Effective Removal of Methylene Blue Dye

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5667
Author(s):  
Priyanka Shrestha ◽  
Manoj Kumar Jha ◽  
Jeevan Ghimire ◽  
Agni Raj Koirala ◽  
Rajeshwar Man Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Photocatalytic Property ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods incorporated activated carbon (AC) composite photocatalyst was synthesized using a hydrothermal process. The AC was prepared from lapsi (Choerospondias axillaris) seed stone, an agricultural waste product, found in Nepal by the chemical activation method. An aqueous suspension of AC with ZnO precursor was subjected to the hydrothermal treatment at 140 °C for 2 h to decorate ZnO rods into the surface of AC. As-obtained ZnO nanorods decorated activated carbon (ZnO/AC) photocatalyst was characterized by various techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Results showed that highly crystalline hexagonal ZnO nanorods were effectively grown on the surface of porous AC. The photocatalytic property of the as-prepared ZnO/AC composite was studied by degrading methylene blue (MB) dye under UV-light irradiation. The ZnO/AC composite showed better photocatalytic property than that of the pristine ZnO nanorods. The enhanced photocatalytic performance in the case of the ZnO/AC composite is attributed to the combined effects of ZnO nanorods and AC.

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