scholarly journals HIERARCHY OF URBAN PLANNING COMPOSITIONS OF DIFFERENT SCALES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE HISTORICAL CENTER OF ST. PETERSBURG

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
S. Markushev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
City Center ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
Hierarchical Relationships ◽  
Five Axes ◽  
The City

The article considers the urban planning structure of the historical center of St. Petersburg as a hierarchy of ensembles. Urban ensemble compositions in the study are systematized regardless of their scale. The introduction presents the main problems of perceiving the city center as a system of interconnected ensembles. A brief review of relevant studies, domestic and foreign, is offered addressing the problems of the compositional and spatial structure organization of the city. The plan of J.-B.-A. Leblon 1717 as an example of a holistic urban ensemble is analyzed. The features of the existing hierarchical relationships are traced through the example of one vertical connection: the composition of the historical center, the composition of the Admiralty-Moscow side, the composition of the Five Axes of the Admiralty, the composition of Nevsky Prospect, the composition of Kazan Cathedral. For visualization purposes, the text description is supplemented by a figure illustrating the nature of the hierarchical relationships of the compositions. A 5-level hierarchical model of the environment of the historical center of St. Petersburg is developed and presented in the form of a table with the scale frames of each of the levels. The characteristic of integrity is proposed as a justification for the grouping of ensembles by levels. The conclusions suggest the features of the hierarchy of urban planning composition of the historical center of St. Petersburg: multi-levelness, vertical interconnectedness, large ranges of scale, totality of distribution, uneven distribution, gradual historical development.

scholarly journals Investigation of the properties of brick as partof the outer walls of historical buildings in Saint Petersburg

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Sokol ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
City Center ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
The City

The brick industry began to develop rapidly in the middle of the XIX century, which coincided with the construction of most of the buildings in the city center. Therefore, brick is a popular building material that has found wide application in the development of the historical center of Saint Petersburg. The results of full-scale tests of bricks taken from the outer wall of a historic building show that the bricks have retained their building properties. But single-layer brick walls do not meet the new requirements for energy saving, and, in this regard, options for using an insulant material in the structure of outer walls are offered, and ways of increasing the energy efficiency of historical development buildings are considered.

scholarly journals IDENTIFICATION OF URBAN CONFLICTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF HISTORICAL BUILDING OF SMALL TOWNS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF VALUYKI, BELGOROD REGION)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
M. Rizaeva ◽  
E. Ladik ◽  
M. Perkova ◽  
O. Bik
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
City Center ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Current State ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
Cultural Heritage Objects ◽  
The City

Today, there is a need to assess the historical development of small cities in Russia in order to identify urban planning conflicts in the urban environment and determine promising directions for their resolution. This study is aimed at analyzing existing urban planning conflicts and disclosing the resource potential of the territory of historical buildings in the center of a small town on the example of Valuyki, Belgorod region. The authors uses conflictological and complex approaches. The analysis of the planning, functional and transport structure of the city is carried out. The analysis of the cultural heritage objects of the historical center based on historical and cultural reference plan of the city center is compiled. The current state of the riverside territories of the river Valuy in the central part of the city has been reviewed. A number of urban-ecological conflicts leading to the degradation of the coastal zone have been identified. Urban planning conflicts of the city center (social-functional, land-use, transport, etc.) are also identified and classified, their types are determined by the type of location (linear, point, areal), their participants and possible directions for their solution are identified. The promising directions of the development of the historical center of the city and the likelihood of the emergence of new types of activities for cultural heritage sites have been determined.

SPATIAL STRUCTURE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ULAN-UDE CITY WESTERN AND SOUTHERN SUBURBS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-106
Author(s):  
А. Badmaev ◽  
◽  
В. Sharaldaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
City Center ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

The article analyzes the processes of suburbanization and transformation of the spatial structure of the city of Ulan-Ude. Modern trends in the growth of Western and historical factors of development, due to socio-economic and historical factors of development. In the 1990s-2000s, because of the decline in agriculture and, as a result, the lack of jobs, the rural population began to migrate massively to the Buryat Republic’s capital. However, the prices for houses and apartments in the city center were unbearable for many migrants, so the purchase of land plots and the construction of houses were affordable for many. The estrangement of agricultural lands and their inclusion in residential areas allowed the city of Ulan-Ude and suburban areas to somewhat expand the territory of settlements and create a huge number of GNPP (gardeners non-profit partnership) and DNPP (dacha non-profit partnership). The city and suburban areas were not ready for such a flow and were not able to provide the newly arrived migrants with social, road transport and communal infrastructure. As a result, the city was surrounded by a suburbia almost devoid of any infrastructure. There are some elements of false urbanization or squatter area, which is a type of urbanization in which the urban population rapid growth is not accompanied by a commensurate increase in urban functions. In recent years, the growth rate of suburban settlements has decreased, mainly due to mortgages, which have become more affordable for the population and the growth of multi-storey construction. In addition, the village is slowly depleting the human resources that feed the city and the suburbs. In other words, those who wanted to move to the city have already moved

HISTORICAL FORTIFICATIONS IN THE ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING STRUCTURE OF LVIV (ON MARGINES DOCUMENTATION "HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL REFERENCE PLAN OF LVIV")

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-125
Author(s):  
Bevz M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
City Center ◽  
Military Engineer ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Special Scientific ◽  
Design Documentation ◽  
The City

Ancient city fortifications are one of the specific types of defensive architecture. Along with the buildings of castles, blocks of urban residential development, monastery complexes and field defensive structures, they formed a special type of architectural and urban planning objects. During their construction, the skills of both an architect, builder, and military engineer were often combined. Not so many objects of urban defense architecture have come down to our time. Therefore, every fragment of the city's defensive walls and earthen fortifications preserved today, as a rule, is a valuable document of its era and needs careful protection and preservation. Urban fortifications (as opposed to fortifications of castles or fortresses) were the objects of priority liquidation in the process of urban development. There are very few of them preserved in Ukraine, so their preservation and study is a matter of extreme importance. Lviv is a unique city on the map of Ukraine in terms of the development of urban fortifications. The article analyzes the reflection of objects and monuments of defense construction in the scientific and design documentation "Historical and Architectural Reference Plan of the City of Lviv". Data on the stages of development of Lviv fortifications are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the remains of fortifications that have been preserved in the archaeological form. Their identification, conservation and identification is important task for modern urban development projects. The paper makes hypotheses about some hitherto unidentified elements of fortifications of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Special emphasis is placed on the need for a special scientific study on the detailed reconstruction of all stages of the development of defense belts around the city center and suburbs of Lviv

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Sources, and Potential Risks of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Lisbon Urban Soils

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anabela Cachada ◽  
Ana Dias ◽  
Amélia Reis ◽  
Eduardo Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Ruth Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
City Center ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
The City

Urban soils quality may be severely affected by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination, as is the case of Lisbon (Portugal). However, to conduct a risk assessment analysis in an urban area can be a very difficult task due to the patchy nature and heterogeneity of these soils. Thus, the present study aims to provide an example on how to perform the first tier of a risk assessment plan in the case of urban soils using a simpler, cost effective, and reliable framework. Thus, a study was conducted in Lisbon to assess the levels of PAH, their potential risks to the environment and human health, and to identify their major sources. Source apportionment was performed by studying PAHs profiles, their relationship with potentially toxic elements, and general characteristics of soil using multivariate statistical methods. Results showed that geostatistical tools are useful for evaluating the spatial distribution and major inputs of PAHs in urban soils, as well as to identify areas of potential concern, showing their usefulness in risk assessment analysis and urban planning. Particularly, the prediction maps obtained allowed for a clear identification of areas with the highest levels of PAHs (close to the airport and in the city center). The high concentrations found in soils from the city center should be a result of long-term accumulation due to diffuse pollution mostly from traffic (through atmospheric emissions, tire debris and fuel exhaust, as well as pavement debris). Indeed, most of the sites sampled in the city center were historical gardens and parks. The calculation of potential risks based on different models showed that there is a high discrepancy among guidelines, and that risks will be extremely associated with the endpoint or parameters used in the different models. Nevertheless, this initial approach based on total levels was useful for identifying areas where a more detailed risk assessment is needed (close to the airport and in the city center). Therefore, the use of prediction maps can be very useful for urban planning, for example, by crossing information obtained with land uses, it is possible to define the most problematic areas (e.g., playgrounds and schools).

scholarly journals KEBERLANJUTAN TRADISI PRA-ISLAM PADA PENATAAN KOTA DI CIANJUR ABAD KE-17 - 19 MASEHI

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Muhamad Alnoza ◽  
Bagus Dimas Bramantio
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
City Center ◽  
The World ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The City

This study discusses the application of a Sundanese cosmology called tritangtu in the arrangement of the city of Cianjur. Tritangtu is a concept of the existence of a universal triple pattern in all aspects of human life, where the focus of this discussion is tritangtu in the world or "three patterns in the world". Research on the continuation of urban planning from the Hindu-Buddhist period to the Islamic-Colonial period has basically never been done, so that is the novelty aspect of this research. The research steps used in answering the formulation of the research problem include data collection, analysis, interpretation. Based on the research conducted in this study, the city of Cianjur has applied two cosmological concepts at two levels, namely micro and macro. At the micro level, which includes the city center, it is arranged according to the cosmological rules of Islamic cities in Java. The spatial arrangement seen in the city of Cianjur at the macro level is known to follow the rules of the tritangtu concept.

scholarly journals Historical heritage and contemporary architecture fusion at the example of the city center of Graz

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74
Author(s):  
Biljana Arandjelovic
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Research Subject ◽  
City Center ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Unusual Combination ◽  
Historical Center ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Contemporary Architecture ◽  
The City

The research subject of the paper is the center of Graz as a fusion of historical heritage and modern architecture, with its seven landmarks of modern architecture selected here in order to make a short review of this unusual mix. Although the historical center is well known as UNESCO protected district, that may not be damaged or destroyed, the avant-garde shops and bars found their place in the ancient center, complementing it. A contrast of new and the old is also present in the likeness of a fusion of historical heritage and contemporary architecture. This unusual combination made Graz a unique city which could serve as example for the future, how to make contemporary architecture in the middle of historical environment.

scholarly journals Urban plan of Uzice from 1863 by Emanuel Sefel: From oriental to European urban planning

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
Dusko Kuzovic ◽  
Nedeljko Stojnic
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
The State ◽  
City Center ◽  
Urban Plan ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Administration ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The City of Uzice had 2490 inhabitants in mid 1862. Following the order of the state administration that every city must have an urban plan, firstly a Geodetic plan of the current state of the city center was made and based on it, in May 1863 the first urban plan proposal (author Emanuel Sefel) appeared. The Ministry of Internal Affairs, because of a large number of complaints of the population and of a short period time available to make changes to the plan sent the engineers Joseph Vesely and Joseph Klinar to Uzice so that they could assist. The second urban plan proposal was completed towards the end of 1863. The first urban plan of Uzice transformed the town, previously fully regulated by oriental principles, into a city organized according to European urban principles. The plan was effective from 1871 to 1891.

scholarly journals MAIN STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING STRUCTURE OF BISHKEK-FRUNZE-PISHPEK

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
Ya.S. Mazmanov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Current State ◽  
The City ◽  
Further Development

This article presents preliminary results of the analysis of architecture and urban planning in Bishkek, considers its historically developed architectural and planning structure and historical development trends of historical development in order to understand the main problems of the current state of the city and determine its further development.

scholarly journals Influence Of Advertisments On Changes In The Urban Structure Of Cites On The Example Of Poznan

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Bonenberg
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
City Center ◽  
Advertising Message ◽  
The City ◽  
Potential Customers

Abstract The article presents the results of studies on the influence of outdoor advertisements on the activation of selected areas in the spatial structure of the city of Poznań. The contents of advertisements were analyzed in terms of the places which advertisements placed on signs, billboards and advertising displays located in public spaces direct us to. The results of studies indicated that the majority of advertisements located in the city center of Poznań promote suburban locations, encouraging its inhabitants to make use of trade and services outside of the strict city center. At the same time, it was indicated that outside advertisements due to the content of the advertising message are a factor degrading the city center, directing potential customers away into the suburbs. In practice, it was noted that the phenomenon significantly decreases the effectiveness of actions directed towards revitalizing the city center and the urban activation of this region.

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