Epidemiological Study of the Brucellosis in Iran, Isfahan, 2010–2015

Background and aims: Brucellosis is one of the most common infectious diseases in both humans and animals. It has been controlled in developed countries; however, it is still regarded as a public health problem in developing countries including Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of human brucellosis in Isfahan province. Methods: The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study investigating the epidemiology of human brucellosis in Isfahan province from 2010 to 2015. Sampling was done using Isfahan’s disease registry database. Chi-square and t test were used for analyzing the data, and all data analyses were performed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: A total of 3,245 patients were included in this study, and their mean (SD) age was 35.29 (18.00) years. The age group of 15-25 years with a frequency of 23.80% had the highest frequency of the disease. The annual incidence of the disease from 2010 to 2014 shows an increasing trend, reaching from 6.25 to 15 per 100000 people. It was reduced in 2015 and reached 12.25 per 100000. In addition, the highest incidence was observed in July. Conclusion: This study implies that the trend of human brucellosis has been increasing over the years, so it is recommended that people be educated on how to prevent it in humans and animals. The results of this study can help health administrators in the province to more effectively control the disease at the provincial level by identifying high-risk cities and focusing on health care in these areas.

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HUBUNGAN KEBIASAAN SARAPAN PAGI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA MAHASISWA

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.38165/jk.v8i2.111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 1011-1018

Author(s):

Lilis Banowati ◽

Jongga Adiyaksa

Keyword(s):

Random Sampling ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Observational Research ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Study Program ◽

Cross Sectional

Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat global di negara berkembang maupun negara maju dengan konsekuensi yang besar bagi kesehatan manusia serta pembangunan nasional dan ekonomi. Anemia pada remaja akibat kurang gizi dapat berdampak buruk pada kesehatan, pertumbuhan, dan sistem imun. Penyebab utama anemia gizi ialah konsumsi zat besi yang tidak cukup, absorbsi zat besi yang rendah, dan pola makan yang sebagian besar terdiri dari nasi dan menu yang kurang beraneka ragam. Kebiasaan makan pagi termasuk dalam salah satu dari 13 pesan dasar gizi seimbang. Bagi mahasiswa/remaja, makan pagi dapat meningkatkan konsentrasi belajar dan memudahkan menyerap pelajaran yang akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar. Makan pagi juga sangat berperan terhadap pemenuhan gizi seimbang pada anak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kebiasaan makan pagi dengan kejadian anemia pada mahasiswa program studi D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observational dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya dengan jumlah 122 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik random sampling yaitu sejumlah 35 orang.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 35 mahasiswa, 29 mahasiswa memiliki kebiasaan makan pagi 29 mahasiswa (83%) yang tidak anemia, jarang sarapan pagi yaitu 1 mahasiswa (2,8%) dan yang tidak pernah sarapan yaitu 5 mahasiswa. Nilai pValue dari uji Chi square yaitu 0,125 (P<0,05). Sehingga hasilnya yaitu ada hubungan kebiasaan sarapan pagi dengan kejadian anemia pada mahasiswaKata kunci: kebiasaan makan pagi, anemia, mahasiswa ABSTRACTAnemia is a global public health problem in both developing and developed countries with great consequences for human health as well as national and economic development. Anemia in adolescents due to malnutrition can adversely affect health, growth, and the immune system. The main causes of nutritional anemia are insufficient intake of iron, low iron absorption, and a diet consisting mostly of rice and a less varied menu. Breakfast habits are included in one of 13 basic messages of balanced nutrition. For students, breakfast can increase the concentration of learning and make it easier to absorb lessons that will improve learning achievement. Breakfast also greatly contribute to the fulfillment of balanced nutrition in children. The purpose of this study to determine the relationship between morning eating habits with the incidence of anemia in the students of study program D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya.This research is an observational research using cross-sectional design. The population in this study is a student of Study Program D III Gizi Cirebon Poltekkes Kemenkes Tasikmalaya with the number of 122 people. Sampling technique using random sampling technique that is a number of 35 people.The result of the research shows that from 35 students, 29 students have breakfast habit of 29 students (83%) who are not anemic, rarely breakfast that is 1 student (2.8%) and who never breakfast is 5 students. The pValue value of Chi square test is 0,125 (P <0,05). So the result is a relationship between breakfast habits with the incidence of anemia in studentsKeywords: breakfast habits, anemia, students

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Perceptions of Final Year Medical Students about Family Medicine as A Career Choice in Pakistan

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd9-1/023 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dur-e- Nishat

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Family Medicine ◽

Medical Profession ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Family medicine is a field in which complete and detailed set of healthcare services are provided to the patients and their families. In developed countries, freshly graduated students choose family medicine as a priority for their career. However, in Pakistan it is not the case. The present study is undertaken to determine the perceptions of final year medical students’ about Family Medicine as a viable career. Methods: A total number of 504 students participated in the study. This was a cross-sectional study. The study participants were in their final year of medical college. Data was collected using a preapproved questionnaire. Data was entered and analyzed via SPSS version 17 and Chi-Square test was used post-stratification. Results: Only 14.3% (n=72) medical students had heard about Family Medicine. Only 18% (n=92) would select family medicine as a profession. The most frequent rationale for choosing the field of Family Medicine was the variety of patients seen in general practice (55.4% n=51). Conclusion: There is a dire need to focus on increasing awareness about the field of family medicine among medical students. The students should be counseled on the advantages along with the disadvantages of choosing this field as a medical profession.

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Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke subtypes among adult patients admitted to stroke unit of JUMC

Current Hypertension Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573402115666191121120228 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Bekalu Getachew Gebreegziabher ◽

Tesema Etefa Birhanu ◽

Diriba Dereje Olana ◽

Behailu Terefe Tesfaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Stroke Unit ◽

Medical Center ◽

Data Entry ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Stroke Subtypes

Background: Stroke is a great public health problem in Ethiopia. According to reports, in-hospital stroke mortality was estimated to be 14.7% in Ethiopia. Despite this, in this country researches done on factors associated with stroke sub-types were inadequate. Objective: To assess the Characteristics and risk factors associated with stroke sub-types among patients admitted to JUMC. Methods and materials: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from May 2017 to May 2018 in stroke unit of Jimma University Medical Center. A total of 106 medical charts of patients diagnosed with stroke were reviewed. Checklist comprising of relevant variables was used to collect data. SPSS version 21 was employed for data entry and analysis. Chi-square test was used to point-out association and difference among stroke sub-types. The data was presented using text, tables and figures. Result: From a total of 106 patients, 67(63.2%) were men. The mean ± SD of age was 52.67±12.46 years, and no significant association was found. Of all the patients, 59(55.6%) had ischemic strokes and 47(44.4%) had hemorrhagic strokes. The most common risk factor in the patients was alcohol use with a prevalence of 69.9%. Of all the risk factors, only sex, cigarettes smoking and dyslipidemia were significantly associated to sub-types of stroke. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was the most common subtype of stroke. Sex of patient, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia are significantly associated with the two stroke subtypes.

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Knowledge and Practices Regarding Early Colostrum Feeding Among Mothers in Erbil Governorate: a Comparative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-498222/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Madiha M Abas ◽

Shukir Saleem Hasan

Keyword(s):

Statistical Difference ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Normal Vaginal Delivery ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Face To Face ◽

Colostrum Feeding ◽

Spss Software ◽

Data Frequency

Abstract Background and objectives: Colostrum is the first breastfeed which is a product by the mother. it has containing high amounts and concentrations of nutrients and antibodies. Methods: A comparative, cross-sectional study was conducted in different areas in Erbil Governorate. During the period started on 2nd Jan. to the end of May. 2019. Non- probability of 400 mothers who delivered their baby by normal vaginal delivery in the hospitals were recruited. A special tool was constructed by researchers, a direct face-to-face interview was adapted. Data were collected and interpreted to the computer. A special SPSS software version 23 was used for analyzing the data, frequency, chi-square, and two tailed t-test statistical analysis was applied for the study.Results: Incorrect knowledge among Erbil city and Koy-Sanjaq city was observed, with better information among Shaqlawa mothers. Poor practices of colostrum feeding among all mothers, and found a statistically significant association between mother’s knowledge, and relay to an association between mothers’ practices. Statistically significant differences were found between Erbil city and Koy-Sanjaq city; between Shaqlawa city and Koy-Sanjaq city concerning mothers’ practices respectively, with non-statistically differences between Erbil and Shaqlawa mothers, also non-statistically significant differences between mothers’ practices in Erbil and Shaqlawa city. There are statistically differences between mothers in Erbil, Koy-Sanjaq, and between Erbil and Shaqlawa with no statistical difference between Koy-Sanjaq and Shaqlawa mothers regarding knowledge. Conclusions: The mothers in Shaqlawa city had better knowledge and all three districts were having poor practices regarding colostrum feeding.

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The Relationship of age, attitude, knowladge, cost to cataract surgery

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v4i2.2016.176-187 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 176

Author(s):

Aminatul Fitria

Keyword(s):

Cataract Surgery ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Operating Costs ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age Attitudes ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Cataract is the leading cause of 51% blindness case in the world. Cataract can only be cured trough surgery, but most people with cataract in Indonesia is not in undergoing surgery due to several factors. The increasing number of cataract victim whose not undergoing any treatment to cure them will resulting in increasing number of blindness case, so blindness cause by cataracts can be a public health problem. This research was conducted to determine the relationship of age, attitudes, knowledge and the cost of the action to perform cataract surgery. This research was an observational analytic study with cross sectional design. The samples were cataract patients in Undaan Eye Hospital Surabaya who were randomly selected using a simple random sampling based on medical records of 60 people. Data collection was done by taking secondary data and interviews to patients. Those variables was analyzed with chi square or Fisher’s exact with significancy level at 95%. The result showed that there were correlation between knowledge (p = 0.017), operating costs (p = 0.001) and attitude (0.000) while age was not related (p = 1.000), the actions to perform cataract surgery. The conclusion from this research was the attitude, knowledge and operating costs related to the actions to perform cataract surgery, while age was not related to the actions to perform cataract surgery. It is recommended to give through leaflets or other media in the lobby for improving patient education, counseling to the patient family, the doctor’s advice to convince patient for surgery.Keywords: practice, surgery, cataract, attitudes, costs

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Relationship Between Hand-washing Habit and Toilet Use with Diarrhea Incidence in Children Under Five Years

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v5i12017.95-106 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Nikmatur Rohmah ◽

Fariani Syahrul

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Before And After

Diarrhea is still a public health problem in the world and the mostly occur in children under five years. At the moment the number of diarrhea-caused mortality was 3.8 per 1000 per year by 3.2 episodes per year in children under five years. This research aims to analyze the association between hand-washing habits and toilet use with the incidence of diarrhea in children under five years. This is an observational analytic with cross sectional study. Population of the research was a children's mother took her children to the public health center of Sekardangan Sidoarjo Subdistrict. The number of samples taken as many as 58 mother of children under five years. Data collection was done with interviews to parents of children and the observations of the toilets. Technique of data analysis using chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. On the results of the research there is a significant association the habit of hand washing (p = 0.006) and toilet use(p = 0.014) with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Conclusions of the research is the habit of hand washing and toilet use had a significant association with the incidenceof diarrhea in children under five years. Advice that can be given to the mother of a children under five years is to wash the hands before and after defecating and before preparing food for children. Keywords: diarrhea, hand washing, toilet use, observational, children under five years

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OLD AGE HOMES: ARE THEY ACCEPTABLE TO PAKISTANI GERIATRIC POPULATION? RESULTS OF A SURVEY OF ELDERLY OUTPATIENTS VISITING TEACHING HOSPITALS IN KARACHI, PAKISTAN

Pakistan Journal of Public Health ◽

10.32413/pjph.v8i2.61 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 107-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Waris Qidwai ◽

Imdad Ali Khushk ◽

Fizzah Farooq ◽

Muhammad Yusuf Hafiz ◽

Kashmira Nanji

Keyword(s):

Old Age ◽

The Elderly ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Chi Square ◽

Geriatric Population ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Term Care ◽

Old Age Homes

Background: Worldwide, some one million people pass the sixty year old threshold every month (Ageing, WHO). Between 2010 and 2050, the number of older people in less developed countries is projected to increase. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in Outpatient clinics (OPD) of two hospitals in Karachi from April to May 2013. Elderly (> 60 years of age) visiting the clinics were consecutively recruited. 477 elderly were approached and a pretested, structured questionnaire was used to obtain information. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 19 and Pearson chi-square test was used to identify the factors related to choosing of "Old Age Homes". Results: A total of 400 participants were selected. Fifty-five percent of the elderly were in between 60 to 65 years of age and majority was males 54.8 percent. Elderly were aware of the presence of "Old Age Homes" in Pakistan, however only 7 percent choose to live in there. The main reason was found to be that the elderly did not want to go away from their families and loved ones. Conclusion: In conclusion, majority of the participants felt insecure to live in a home with strangers. However, "Old Age Homes" were preferred choice for those with chronic diseases or those living alone. Media should initiate public education programs to reduce social stigmas in seeking alternate long-term care services outside of the family.

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Prevalence and factors associated with human brucellosis in livestock professionals

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s1518-8787.2017051006051 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 51 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Franco Cazembe Mufinda ◽

Fernando Boinas ◽

Carla Nunes

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Human Brucellosis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Professional Category ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Service Location

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of human brucellosis in livestock professionals and analyze the factors associated with brucellosis focusing on sociodemographic variables and the variables of knowledge and practices related to the characteristics of the activities carried out in livestock. METHODS This is a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study with a population of 131 workers of butchers, slaughter rooms, and slaughterhouse and 192 breeders sampled randomly in Namibe province, Angola. The data were obtained from the collection of blood and use of questionnaires. The laboratory tests used were rose bengal and slow agglutination. The questionnaire allowed us to collect sociodemographic information and, specifically on brucellosis, it incorporated questions about knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of livestock professionals. In addition to the descriptive statistical approach, we used the Chi-square test of independence, Fisher’s test, and logistic regression models, using a significance level of 10%. RESULTS The general weighted prevalence of brucellosis was 15.6% (95%CI 13.61–17.50), being it 5.3% in workers and 16.7% (95%CI 11.39–21.93) in breeders. The statistical significance was observed between human seroprevalence and category (worker and breeder) (p < 0.001) and education level (p = 0.032), start of activity (p = 0079), and service location (p = 0.055). In a multivariate context, the positive factor associated with brucellosis in professionals was the professional category (OR = 3.54; 95%CI 1.57–8.30, related to breeders in relation to workers). CONCLUSIONS Human brucellosis in livestock professionals is prevalent in Namibe province (15.6%), where the professional category was the most important factor. The seroprevalence levels detected are high when compared with those found in similar studies.

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Acute, Repeated Exposure to Mobile Phone Noise and Audiometric Status of Young Adult Users in a University Community

ISRN Public Health ◽

10.5402/2012/241967 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Godson R. E. E. Ana ◽

Anthony E. Ukhun ◽

Derek G. Shendell ◽

Patience A. Osisanya

Keyword(s):

Young Adult ◽

Mobile Phone ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Noise Levels ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Background. Exposure to noise from mobile devices is suspected to affect hearing. Data are limited, particularly in less developed countries. We assessed noise levels from mobile phones and user audiometric status at University of Ibadan, Nigeria, in an initial cross-sectional study. Methods. Fifty-eight staff and 45 young adult students owning mobile phones were selected. A pretested questionnaire assessed demographics, phone attributes, and predominant ear used for making and receiving calls. Noise was measured in A-weighted decibels. Pure tone audiometry was conducted at varying frequencies. Statistics computed included Chi-square and t-tests. Results. Certain phone brands used by students were commonly reported. More utilized right ears to make or receive calls. Mean reported mobile phone use duration by students was 2.9±1.7 years, lower than among staff, 3.4±1.9 years (P<0.05). There were differences in use of head phones (22.2%, 12.1%) and speakers (51.1%, 15.5%) by students and staff, respectively (P<0.05). Mean measured noise levels of phones when ringing, per user settings, were high 91.9±16.1 dBA (students) and 93.3±10.9 dBA (staff). Audiometry suggested 22.2% students and 28.0% staff had some evidence of hearing impairment. Conclusions. Mobile phones noise levels were high, but exposures though frequent were of short duration. Larger, longitudinal studies are needed on phone use and hearing impairment.

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Association between Self-Reported Bruxism and Sleeping Patterns among Dental Students in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2016/4327081 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shereen M. Shokry ◽

Eman E. El Wakeel ◽

Nassr Al-Maflehi ◽

Zaheera RasRas ◽

Nida Fataftah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sleep Bruxism ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Spss Software ◽

Reported Data ◽

Sleeping Habits ◽

Nighttime Sleep

Objectives.The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify sleeping patterns among dental students and their association with self-reported bruxism in Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy (RCsDP).Methods.A cross-sectional study was performed including 549 students (67 men and 482 women). A structured questionnaire was adopted from The PSQI (The Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire Index) used for data collection. It included questions which are categorized into sleeping habits, sleep-related symptoms, and additional questions concerning bruxism. This questionnaire was randomly distributed among all college preclinical and postclinical students. Sleep bruxism diagnosis was based on self-reported data. The data were analyzed using Chi-square tests through SPSS software for Windows.Results.Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations between self-reported bruxism and sleeping habits including sleep initiation (χ2=22.6,p=0.000), continuous sleep until morning (χ2=19.2,p=0.001), nighttime sleep duration (χ2=20.2,p=0.000), and length of daytime naps (χ2=28.35,p=0.000). There was an association between self-reported bruxism and sleeping-related symptoms including awakening early in the morning before the usual time without a cause (χ2=16.52,p=0.000) and increased nightmares (χ2=13.7,p=0.001).Conclusions.Poor sleeping pattern was an important factor among dental students, who reported sleep bruxism.

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