HUBUNGAN OBESITAS DAN PEMAKAIAN KONTRASEPSI HORMONAL TERHADAP KEJADIAN MENOPAUSE LAMBAT PADA WANITA USIA 55-65 TAHUN

WHO estimates that 25 million women worldwide enter menopause, data by 2018 around 500 million menopausal women worldwide, then by 2030 an estimated 1.2 billion women experience menopausal syndrome almost worldwide. Late menopause increases the risk of breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer in women. This study aims to analyze Determinants Affecting Menopause Slow Events in Women Age 55-65 Years. This research is an observational analytic research with case control design that case group experiencing menopause slowly amount to 49 responden and control group not experiencing menopause slow amounted 49 respondents. Data collection by interview using questionnaire. Method of data analysis by univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with simple logistic regression test and multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test.The results showed that there was an effect of obesity (p = 0,015 and hormonal contraceptive use (p = 0,027), with menopausal incidence in women aged 55-65 years at Bromo Puskesmas Medan. The results of multiple logistic regression test showed that dominant variables that influence the incidence of menopause slowly in women aged 55-65 years is obesity (OR = 2,504).Based on the results of research is expected for health workers to be able to improve services optimally, especially in providing various knowledge about menopause slow and set healthy lifestyle such as balanced diet, and maintain ideal body weight

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The Influence of Nutritional Status and Ventilation on the Incidence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis at Langsa

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2019.436 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (20) ◽

pp. 3421-3424

Author(s):

Muchsin Muchsin ◽

Fazidah Aguslina Siregar ◽

Etti Sudaryati

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Simple Logistic ◽

Regression Tests ◽

Logistic Regression Test

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary Tuberculosis is still a global health threat and the cause of the average of 1.3 million deaths each year. AIM: The objective of the research was to analyse the influence of ventilation and nutritional status on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis at Langsa, in 2018. METHODS: The population was all pulmonary tuberculosis adult patients at Langsa, in 2018, with AFB+ of 315 people, and the samples were 116 patients in the case group and 116 patients in the control group. The data were analysed by using logistic regression with simple logistic regression test and multiple logistic regression tests. RESULTS: The result of multiple logistic regression tests showed that there was the influence of nutritional status (p ≤ 0.001; OR = 2.645 (95% CI 1.494-4.683) and ventilation (p ≤ 0.044; OR = 1.816 (95% CI 1.015-3.250) on the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. CONCLUSION: To break off the chain of pulmonary tuberculosis contagion, it is necessary to increase people’s awareness of the importance of healthy life behaviour and healthful home by providing health counselling about the requirement for good nutritional status and ventilation.

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Association between Quantitative Classification of Renal Surface Nodularity and Early Renal Injury in Patients with Arterial Hypertension

10.21203/rs.3.rs-892371/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Zhou ◽

Jiule Ding ◽

Jie Chen ◽

Liang Pan ◽

Tingting Zha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Renal Injury ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Control Group ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Quantitative Classification

Abstract Objective To explore the association between quantitative classification of renal surface nodularity (qRSN) based on computed tomography (CT) imaging and early renal injury (ERI) in patients with aerial hypertension.Methods A total of 143 patients with a history of hypertension were retrospectively enrolled; clinical information (age, sex, hypertension grade, hypertension course, poorly controlled hypertension), laboratory tests and qRSN were collected or assessed. The subjects were divided into an ERI (n=60) or a control (CP, n=83) group according to ERI diagnosis based on the following criteria: cystatin C > 1.02 mg/L, creatinine ≤ 127 μmol/L, and urea nitrogen ≤ 8.3 mmol/L. Univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression were used to examine the association between ERI and qRSN. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was produced to compare multiple logistic regression models with or without qRSN for differing the ERI group from the control group.Results In univariate analysis, hypertension grade, poorly controlled hypertension, hypertension course, triglycerides (TG) and qRSN were related to ERI in patients with arterial hypertension (all P<0.1), with strong interrater agreement of qRSN. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.705 in the model without qRSN and 0.789 in the model with qRSN, which was significantly different (Z=2.317, P=0.021).Conclusion CT imaging-based qRSN was associated with ERI in patients with arterial hypertension and may be an imaging biomarker of early renal injury.

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Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Dan Rasio Lingkar Pinggang Dan Panggul (RLPP) Sebagai Prediktor

Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.37341/interest.v6i2.86 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yuriza Agustiningrum ◽

Nur Lathifah Mardiyanti

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Elderly ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Research Subjects ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regression Test ◽

Logistic Regression Test

Abstract: Elderly, Hypertension, Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference and Hip. The problem of hypertension is one of the most common diseases in elderly people. Risk factors that can cause hypertension are obesity and central obesity. That is caused by the lack of appropriateness of eating intake with activity in the elderly are declining. So there is a possibility of normal BMI and RLPP will reduce the risk of hypertension. This study aims to determine IMT and RLPP measurements as a predictor of hypertension. This type of research is observational with cross-sectional design and the number of research subjects is 71 elderly who suffer from hypertension and not hypertension. Sampling using total sampling method. Data analysis was done by univariate and bivariate analysis using chi-square test and logistic regression test. The result of statistic test showed that there was a correlation between body mass index with hypertension 0,002 (p <0,002) and BMI was risk factor proved by RR 2,228 (CI 1,3333,723). There is a relationship between RLPP with hypertension 0.000 (p <0.000) and RLPP is hypertension risk factor with RR value 4,340 (CI 1,896-9,933). The result of BMT logistic regression test is not a predictor of hypertension, but RLPP is a predictor to determine hypertension with the formula Y = -3,614 + 2,285X1. It is advisable for the elderly to maintain normal RLPP in order to reduce the risk of hypertension.

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ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) PADA PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS

Jurnal Publikasi Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia ◽

10.20527/jpkmi.v6i2.7454 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mansyur Muhammad ◽

Fadli Fadli

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Case Control ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

P Value ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Regression Test ◽

Mdr Tb ◽

Logistic Regression Test

ABSTRAKTuberculosis Multi-Drug Resistnce adalah salah satu jenis resistensi basil TB terhadap setidaknya dua obat anti tuberkulosis (OAT) lini pertama yaitu isoniazid dan rifampisin, dua obat OAT yang paling efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor penyebab kejadian kejadian MDR-TB. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 31 responden dengan teknik pemgambilan sampel menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menggunakan uji statistik chi square dan uji multiple logistic regression. Sehingga hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan faktor dukungan keluarga terhadap kejadian MDR-TB (p value =0,021); ada hubungan faktor penegtahuan dengan kejadian MDR-TB (p=0,030); ada hubungan faktor keteraturan minum obat terhadap kejadian MDR-TB (p value =0,045); ada hubungan faktor keaktifan petugas terhadap kejadian MDR-TB (p value =0,001). Sedangan hasil uji multiple logistic regression diperoleh hasil bahwa faktor keteraturan minum obat dengan nilai p value = 0,000 dan (OR=11,218). Diharapkan petugas kesehatan memberikan konseling kepada pasien TB MDR mengenai pengobatan TB MDR, cara menanggulangi efek samping obat, serta motivasi kepada pasien TB MDR.Kata-kata kunci : Faktor resiko, tuberculosis multi-drug resistnceABSTRACTTuberculosis Multi-Drug Resistance is one type of TB bacillary resistance to at least two first-line anti-tuberculosis (OAT) drugs, namely isoniazid and rifampicin, the two most effective OAT drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of factors causing the incidence of MDR-TB. This type of research is a quantitative study using an analytic observational design with a case control approach. The number of samples in this study were 31 respondents with a sampling technique using consecutive sampling techniques. The results of this study use the statistical test fisher's exact test and multiple logistic regression test. So the results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between family support factors for the incidence of MDR-TB (p = 0.021); there is a relationship between knowledge and MDR-TB incidence (p = 0.030); there was a correlation between the regularity of taking medication to the incidence of MDR-TB (p = 0.045); there is a correlation between the activeness factor of the officer towards the MDR-TB incidence (p = 0.001). Whereas multiple logistic regression test results showed that the regularity of taking medication with p value = 0,000 and (OR = 11,218). It is expected that health workers provide counseling to MDR TB patients regarding MDR TB treatment, how to cope with drug side effects, as well as motivation to MDR TB patients.Keywords: Risk factors, Tuberculosis Multi-Drug Resistance

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Hubungan faktor sosiodemografi dengan kunjungan antenatal care

Jurnal Kebidanan dan Keperawatan Aisyiyah ◽

10.31101/jkk.221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 55-61

Author(s):

Elika Puspitasari ◽

Mochammad Hakimi ◽

Evi Nurhidayati

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Visit ◽

Regression Test ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Logistic Regression Test

Abstact: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association ofsociodemographic factors with antenatal care visits. Types of analyticsurvey research with cross sectional design. Sampling with quota samplingwas obtained 100 trimester pregnant women 3. Bivariate analysis usingchi-square test. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression test. Theresults showed that the factors unrelated to ANC were Age (p-value =0.46), occupation (p-value = 0,55), knowledge (p-value = 0.88), andincome -value = 0.22). While the factors of education and distance ofpregnancy is related to antenatal care visit (p-value <0,02). ConclusionsAge, occupation, knowledge and income are unrelated to antenatal visitswhereas education and pregnancy distances are related to antenatal carevisits.

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HUBUNGAN SANITASI RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT TUBERKULOSIS (TB) DI KECAMATAN KUTA

ECOTROPHIC Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) ◽

10.24843/ejes.2017.v11.i01.p09 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

I Made Mudana ◽

Nyoman Adiputra ◽

I.B.G. Pujaastawa

Keyword(s):

Disease Incidence ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Residential Density ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Regression Test ◽

House Floor ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Logistic Regression Test

RELATIONSHIP HOUSING SANITATION WITH TUBERCULOSIS DISEASES (TB) INCIDENCE IN KUTA DISTRICTOne of the endemic infectious diseases occured in the community is tuberculosis (TB). The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated about one third of the world's population has been infected by the bacteria mycobacterium tuberculosis. Badung regency as one of the districts in the province of Bali also having cases of tuberculosis. From the report Badung Health Agency in 2015 was recorded 275 TB patients. From 6 districts in Badung district, subdistrict of Kuta occupy the highest number of cases recorded 100 patients. tuberculosis is closely related to homes sanitation that do not meet health requirements. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of home sanitation with disease incidence of tuberculosis in the district of Kuta. Based on the type of research is observational analytic, design research is a case control studies linking ie risk factors. (Home sanitation) with TB disease events, by comparing the case group and the control group. The population in this study are patients with TB BTA (+) were treated working area Puskesmas Kuta I and Puskesmas Kuta II sanitation as well as his home. The number of samples in this study was 60 consisting of the case group and the control group. How sampling is the total population of TB patients in the last 3 months of 2015 as well as sanitary home. Data collected from interviews, observations and measurements and then analyzed using chi square and followed by multiple logistic regression test. From the statistic test bivariate home sanitation with tuberculosis disease incidence 6 variables showed that: (1) lighting p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 21, (2) humidity p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 21,36 , (3) ventilation p = 0,00 (p< 0,05)OR = 11, (4) the walls of the house p = 0,00 (p< 0,05) OR = 8,64, (5) density residential home p = 0,00 (p<0,05) OR = 16,43 and (6) house floor p = 0,22 (p>0,05) OR = 2,143. To determine the relationship of all independent variables simultaneously multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test. Based on the results obtained that there are three independent variables significantly related (p<0,05) with the dependent variable is the humidity (OR = 19,158, 95% CI 3,171 –115,751), ventilation (OR = 6,408, 95% CI = 1,199 to 34,236), residential density (OR = 13,342, 95% CI = 2,261 – 78,733). Probability of people who occupy the house with sanitation (Humidity, Ventilation and Residential density) in the district of Kuta to contract tuberculosis (TB) is 97,08%. Based on these results, we can conclude that from the test bivariate (6 variables) are: lighting, humidity, ventilation, walls of houses, residential density and house floor associated with the incidence of tuberculosis in the district of Kuta. While the advice may be given to: (1). people who live in the district of Kuta in order to build or occupy a dwelling house to take into account the standard of sanitation and healthy home. (2). Government / agencies in order to provide guidance to the public in order to build houses of spatial attention and care homes that meet health requirements so that people who lived in the house to feel safe, comfortable, and avoid the disease especially those stemming from poor sanitation home.

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FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENGGUNAAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI PADA PASANGAN USIA SUBUR DI DESA LOHBENER KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

Gema Wiralodra ◽

10.31943/gemawiralodra.vol9.iss2.350 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 164-182

Author(s):

Hairil Akbar

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Family Planning ◽

Health Workers ◽

P Value ◽

Women Of Childbearing Age ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Family Planning Services ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Regression Test ◽

Logistic Regression Test

Family Planning Program is an effort to measure the number and distance of child that is desired. In order to achieve this program, several options are made to prevent or delay pregnancy through the implementation of quality family planning services. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with the use of contraception in couples of childbearing age in Lohbener Village, Indramayu Regency. This study applied observational-analytic study, with a cross sectional study design. The population in the study were all women of childbearing age aged 15-49 years and married, while the sample in this study were parts of women of childbearing age aged 15-49 years and married in Lohbener village, Indramayu Regency. The sampling technique was conducted using simple random sampling and logistic regression test. Based on the results of logistic regression test, factors related to the use of contraception in of women of childbearing age in Lohbener Village, Indramayu Regency were husband's support (p value = 0.000; CI: 4.229-70.362), and knowledge (p value = 0.000; CI: 3.012-34.233 ), while unrelated factors were work status (p value = 0.577; CI: 0.214-15.902), parity (p value = 0.319; CI: 0.193-1.710), and access to family planning services (p value = 0.984; CI: 0.315-3.250) with the use of contraceptives in Lohbener Village, Indramayu Regency. Therefore it is advised that women of childbearing ages over ≥ 20 years to pay more concern to their health through good family planning such as regulating the number of births, sparing pregnancies, and more actively consulting to the health workers to conduct family planning programs.

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EFFECTIVE PSYCHEDUCATION TO REDUCE ANXIETY AND INCREASE COMPLIANCE OF LIQUID DIETS IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS DURING HEMODIALYSIS

Jurnal Ilmiah Perawat Manado (Juiperdo) ◽

10.47718/jpd.v7i1.803 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 66-81

Author(s):

Meylani Dewi Wowor ◽

Ni Luh Widani ◽

Emiliana Tjitra

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

Control Group ◽

Test Results ◽

Regression Test ◽

Before And After ◽

Diet Compliance ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Logistic Regression Test

Background: Chronic kidney failure (chronic renal failure) is a chronic disease that causes disruption of kidney function, so it requires kidney replacement therapy with long-term hemodialysis that must comply with fluid diets and can cause anxiety. Aims: Research to assess the effect of nursing psychoeducation on reducing anxiety levels and adherence to fluid diets in chronic renal failure patients with hemodialysis. Methods: The study was conducted in April-July 2018 in three private hospitals in Tomohon and Manado. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental pre-post test design with a control group of 112 respondents (82 in the intervention group and 30 in the control). Psychoeducation interventions are given according to the education module for 4 weeks, 2 times a week for a total of 8 meetings. Anxiety was assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire and adherence was assessed by the End Stage Renal Disease-Adherence Questionnaire (ESRD-AQ) before and after the study and weight observations at each visit. Results: Wilcoxon test results showed significant differences in anxiety levels (p <0.005) and fluid diet compliance (p <0.005) before and after the intervention. Mann Whitney test results showed no significant difference in decreasing anxiety level (p = 0.456) and increasing levels of fluid diet compliance (p = 0.495) between the intervention and control groups. The results of the ordinal logistic regression test, psychoeducation reduced anxiety levels by an OR of 6.5 times compared to the control group. The results of the binary logistic regression test, psychoeducation increased the level of adherence to the liquid diet with an OR value of 2.4 times compared to the control group. Conclusion: Psychoeducation can help reduce the level of anxiety and adherence to the fluid diet of patients with chronic renal failure with hemodialysis.

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Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Kualitas Hidup Penderita Talasemia Anak di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung Tahun 2019

Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains ◽

10.29313/jiks.v2i2.5848 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jamaluddin Kamil ◽

Tito Gunantara ◽

Yani Dewi Suryani

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Social Function ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression ◽

Chi Square ◽

Regression Test ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Logistic Regression Test

Talasemia merupakan penyakit genetik dan kronis yang dapat menyebabkan anemia berat sehingga mengganggu kualitas hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran dan faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi kualitas hidup penderita talasemia anak di RSUD Al- Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung tahun 2019. Subjek penelitian adalah pasien talasemia anak di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Data diambil menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah subjek 65 orang. Desain penelitian bersifat analitik dengan rancangan potong lintang. Penelitian menggunakan alat berupa kuesioner pediatric quality of life (PedsQL) yang berisi 23 pertanyaan. Hasil analisis univariat didapatkan kualitas hidup total subjek penelitian adalah buruk dengan rerata skor 68,9. Fungsi fisik, emosi, dan sekolah buruk dengan nilai rerata skor <80. Analisis bivariat dengan chi square test didapatkan hubungan bermakna antara faktor-faktor dengan kualitas hidup dengan nilai p≤0,05. Analisis multivariat dengan multiple logistic regression test didapatkan faktor yang paling dominan memengaruhi kualitas hidup yaitu fungsi sosial dengan koefisien beta 1,823 dan nilai p=0,039. Simpulan, rerata kualitas hidup penderita talasemia anak di RSUD Al-Ihsan Kabupaten Bandung adalah buruk. Fungsi yang terganggu yaitu fungsi fisik, emosi, dan sekolah. Faktor yang paling dominan memengaruhi kualitas hidup dengan nilai tertinggi yaitu fungsi sosial. ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN WITH THALASSEMIA IN RSUD AL-IHSAN BANDUNG IN 2019Thalassemia is a genetic and chronic disease that can cause severe anemia that disrupts the quality of life. The purpose of this study was to determine the description and factors that influence the quality of life of children with thalassemia in RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung in 2019. The subjects were pediatric thalassemia patients in RSUD Al-Ihsan Bandung who met the inclusion criteria. Data were taken using a total sampling technique with a total 65 subjects. This study design was analytic with cross sectional design. This study used a tool of a Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) questionnaire containing 23 questions. Univariate analysis results found that the total quality of life of the study subjects was poor with a mean score of 68.9. Physical, emotional, and school functions were poor with an average score of <80. Bivariate analysis with chi square test found a significant relationship between factors with quality of life with a p value ≤0.05. Multivariate analysis with multiple logistic regression test found that the most dominant factor affecting the quality of life was social function with a beta coefficient of 1.823 (p=0.039). Conclusions, the average quality of life of children with thalassemia in RSUD Al-Ihsan in Bandung is poor. Functions that are disrupted are physical, emotional, and school functions. The most dominant factor influencing the quality of life with the highest value is social function.

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Is the tuberculosis knowledge awareness obstructing tuberculosis infection in rural areas of Anqing, China?

10.21203/rs.3.rs-22226/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yufeng Wen ◽

Yunfei Zou ◽

Zhiping Zhang ◽

Huan Wu ◽

Ximei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Health Education ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Influencing Factor ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Tuberculosis Infection ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model

Abstract Background Health education on tuberculosis is considered as one of the major measures for prevention of tuberculosis disease epidemic. This study is to assess the effects of tuberculosis awareness on tuberculosis infection in rural areas in China. Methods This study was conducted in rural areas of Anhui province, China. There 1118 newly diagnosed TB patients were selected as case group while 384 participants with no TB disease enrolled in control group. Univariate analysis and Multivariable logistic regression model were carried out to assess the effect of TB awareness on TB infection. Results The univariate analysis showed that four core knowledge items of TB, sex, age, education, domicile, smoking, drinking, income, contacting with TB patients, vaccination of bacillus calmette guerin and living area on TB were significantly different between the case and control groups (P < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that education (OR = 0.242, P = 0.001), income (OR = 0.555, P = 0.016) were protective factors and domicile (OR = 0.073, P = 0.026), contacting with TB patients (OR = 3.020, P = 0.017) were risk factors for TB infection. However, the awareness or any item of knowledge of TB were not found to be related to TB infection. Conclusions The awareness of TB is not the main influencing factor for TB infection in rural areas, the contents or forms of health education towards TB maybe modified in rural areas.

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