What Did Children Do During School Closures? Insights from a Parent Survey in Tanzania

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shardul Oza ◽  
Jacobus Cilliers
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Learning Loss ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Parent Survey ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government

In this Insight Note, we report results of a phone survey that the RISE Tanzania Research team conducted with 2,240 parents (or alternate primary care-givers) of primary school children following the school closures in Tanzania. After the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Tanzania on 16 March 2020, the government ordered all primary schools closed the following day. Schools remained closed until 29 June 2020. Policymakers and other education stakeholders were concerned that the closures would lead to significant learning loss if children did not receive educational support or engagement at home. To help stem learning loss, the government promoted radio, TV, and internet-based learning content to parents of school-age children. The primary aims of the survey were to understand how children and families responded to the school closures, the education related activities they engaged in, and their strategies to send children back to school. The survey also measures households’ engagement with remote learning content over the period of school closures. We supplement the findings of the parent survey with insights from interviews with Ward Education Officers about their activities during the school closures. The survey sample is comprised of primary care-givers (in most cases, parents) of students enrolled in Grades 3 and 4 during the 2020 school year. The survey builds on an existing panel of students assessed in 2019 and 2020 in a nationally representative sample of schools.4 The parent surveys were conducted using Computer Assisted Telephonic Interviewing (CATI) over a two-week period in early September 2020, roughly two months after the re-opening of primary schools. We report the following key findings from this survey: *Almost all (more than 99 percent) of children in our sample were back in school two months after schools re-opened. The vast majority of parents believed it was either safe or extremely safe for their children to return to school. *Only 6 percent of households reported that their children listened to radio lessons during the school closures; and a similar fraction (5.5 percent) tuned into TV lessons over the same period. Less than 1 percent of those surveyed accessed educational programmes on the internet. Households with access to radio or TV reported higher usage. *Approximately 1 in 3 (36 percent) children worked on the family farm during the closures, with most children working either 2 or 3 days a week. Male children were 6.2 percentage points likelier to work on the family farm than female children. *Households have limited access to education materials for their child. While more than 9 out of 10 households have an exercise book, far fewer had access to textbooks (35 percent) or own reading books (31 percent). *One in four parents (24 percent) read a book to their child in the last week.

Study on Energy Materials with Analysis of China Green Recycling Family Farms Build Mode

2013 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Dan Lv
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Family Farm ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Technology Service ◽  
The Family ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Government

This paper adopt comparative analysis methods to study the family farms build mode which is emphasize on environmental protection and aimed at recyclable resources. It reported the present situation of the family farm in China, besides, it carried on comparison and analysis on the method that developed countries construct environmentally friendly farm. Conclusion: using biomass waste in agricultural process as new energy materials, applying biomass biochemical convert technology into family farm, realizing clean production, at the same time, the government should support the environmental protection enterprise, and increase investment in agricultural technology service and the agricultural informationization construction. Implement purpose of making full use of material, effective converting energy, having a significant economic and ecological environment benefit.

scholarly journals Learning Loss: A Real Threat in Education for Underprivileged Students and Remote Regions during the Covid-19 Pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Anju Nofarof Hasudungan ◽  
Ofianto ◽  
Tri Zahra Ningsih
Keyword(s):  
Educational Technology ◽  
Distance Learning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Learning Loss ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Mobile Data ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Technology Platforms ◽  
The Government ◽  
Main Factor

This study aims to describe the real threat of learning loss for underprivileged students and remote areas, due to school closures and distance learning in Riau Province, Indonesia. On the other hand, keeping students safe from the dangers of the COVID-19 virus is the main factor. Distance learning is a solution to this dilemma, but it is very difficult for underprivileged students and remote regions to implement, because: 1) Students have never used various educational technology platforms in distance learning 2) Do not have a smartphone and mobile data plans 3) Internet signal in remote areas is not good for distance learning. The results of this study describe, when distance learning was first implemented, as many as 75 % of 206 underprivileged students and ten schools experienced difficulties when using educational technology platforms for distance learning. However, after two years, there has been an increase in the participation of underprivileged students in distance learning. In addition, it has become a habit, subsidized mobile data plans from the government, adaptive curricula and variations in learning methods when distance learning, have become important factor in increasing the participation of underprivileged students and remote regions.

Relationship of Scabies With Pioderma: As a Risk Factor

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Yulia Farida Yahya ◽  
Fifa Argentina ◽  
Rusmawardiana Rusmawardiana
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government ◽  
Scabies Infestation

Scabies is a parasitic infestation of the skin, that is affecting on the low income and crowded community in many tropical countries, especially developing countries such as Indonesia. Scabies infestation increases the incidence of secondary pyoderma include impetigo, folliculitis, cellulitis, ecthyma, abscess. Secondary pyoderma is a skin infection disease mainly caused by     group A Streptococcus (GAS) and Staphylococcus aureus (SA). Pyoderma is a risk factor for the glomerulonephritis infection, rheumatic diseases, which significantly increases morbidity and mortality, causing the government burden. The aim of this study is  determining the etiology and correlation of pyoderma infection in scabies patient. To determine sosio-demographic included sex, age in pediatric patients in primary schools (SD) in the district of Kertapati Palembang. The study design was cross sectional, and study samples were new scabies patients in the elementary school (age 6-14-year-old) with or without pyoderma. Clinical findings included history, physical examination and diagnostic procedure, which was investigation of skin scraping specimen material (SSB = skin surface biopsy) in confirmation with dermoscopic polar examination (DS) to show Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Microbiological examination with Gram stain identified the etiology of pyoderma.  Results of this study shows that there was a significance relationship between scabies infestation and pyoderma in children in elementary school. Staphylococcus aureus dan GAS are the most common caused of pyoderma in pediatric patients with scabies. Conclusion is there is a significant correlation between scabies and pyoderma. There is  a need to provide scabies and pyoderma medication at primary care health center as well as counseling for prevention in Palembang area with crowded population periodically.  

Social Reform and Remedy Rendered in the Select Novels of Indira Goswami

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 848-852
Author(s):  
Dr.B.R. VEERAMANI ◽  
A. KUMARAVALLI
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Instruction ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Creative Effort

Dr. Indira Goswami (Mamoni Raisom Goswami) is one of the leading writers of the India today. She has won the Jnanpith Award for the year 2000, which is the highest literary award of India today. She belongs to the family of Sattra adhikars (Head of Vaisnava monastery) of South Kamrup in Assam. Her father, Late Uma Kanta Goswami, was an economist, who worked as the Director of Public Instruction of the Government of Assam. Indira did her schooling in Guwahati and Shillong. She has written eighteen novels, and several hundreds of short stories. Her novels and short stories have been translated into many Indian and Foreign languages. She tries to write from her direct experiences of her life. She only moulds her experiences with her imagination. Her language is like a velvet dress by which she endeavors to cover the restless soul in its journey through existence. But however hard, she might try, the fabric of this dress seldom takes on the texture of velvet or fine Muslim, and it comes out rather tattered. Sometimes they feel that it is a futile effort to arrest the soul with language and capture it in cold print. It is better, perhaps to feel it only in numb science. But, then, those very experiences impel a person to unload them from the psyche by creative effort which gives a sort of relief. And, the tattered fabric has a beauty which puts to shame the finest of velvets.

Family-Planning Knowledge and Attitude Surveys in Pakistan (Review Article)

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshid Haroon ◽  
Yasmin Azra Jan
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Family Planning Programme ◽  
The Family ◽  
National Family ◽  
National Family Planning ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
The Government

Very little of the intense interest and activity in the field of family planning in Pakistan has come up in the form of publications. Since the formation of the Family Planning Association of Pakistan in 1953 and the initiative of the government in promoting a national family-planning programme in its Second Five-Year Plan, relatively few reports have been printed. Most of what has been written in Pakistan about family planning has either been reported at conferences abroad or published in foreign journals, or submitted as graduate dissertations at universities within the country and abroad1. While numerous papers presented at conferences in Pakistan have been given limited circulation in mimeographed form2, much of the preliminary data, emanating from most of the action-research projects in progress, are held up till substantive demographic changes are measured and approaches evaluated accordingly.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

Providing Care of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury by the Family Practice/Primary Care Optometrist

2018 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Family Practice ◽  
Advanced Training ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
The Brain

Primary Objectives: By extending the scope of knowledge of the primary care optometrist, the brain injury population will have expanded access to entry level neurooptometric care by optometric providers who have a basic understanding of their neurovisual problems, be able to provide some treatment and know when to refer to their colleagues who have advanced training in neuro-optometric rehabilitation.

Book Review: Promoting Community Renewal through Civic Literacy and Service Learning

NASPA Journal ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Persons ◽  
David Lisman
Keyword(s):  
Service Learning ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Community Renewal ◽  
Academic Instruction ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Government ◽  
Civic Literacy

This is an optimistic, and useful, book written at a pessimistic time. In an era when the nation faces many social problems - including alienation from the government and work, the fragmentation of the family, and an expanding materialism - this book promoting civic literacy approaches to service learning and seeks to help educators in their efforts to redefine the role of civics in contemporary society. The civic literacy approach to service learning is defined as pedagogy that combines community service and academic instruction and that focuses on critical, reflective thinking and civic responsiblity. The editors challenge community colleges to act as catalysts for a national movement of community renewal, suggesting that they may be our best hope for finding ways to solve our social problems.

scholarly journals AB1304-HPR KNOWLEDGE OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ABOUT RHEUMATIC DISEASES: EFFECT OF AN EDUCATIONAL SESSION JOINTLY PROVIDED BY PORTUGUESE EULAR ASSOCIATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1942.2-1943
Author(s):  
G. Pimentel ◽  
A. Marques ◽  
R. Ferreira ◽  
E. Mateus ◽  
A. Pais
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
School Students ◽  
Educational Session ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Word Clouds

Background:International studies have shown that the awareness and knowledge of the general population about rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) is poor. This is even lower in the young population, which are also affected by these disease but do not have as much awareness campaigns as adult community. Their professors and primary health care professionals may also play here also a key role, promoting early detection of signs and interpretations of symptoms, thus avoiding late health care referrals and diagnosis. (Vlieland, 2016).Objectives:To assess the knowledge of high school Portuguese students about the RMDs and raise awareness for RMDs in young people, their professors, vigilants, and primary care nurses, within the school environment.Methods:A 1-hour educational session about RMDs was planned (with the inputs from members of the Portuguese EULAR Associations) and performed during school activities. The educational session started with a knowledge questionnaire about RMDs in a paper sheet (9 questions; Graph 1), repeated in the end. An interactive session, using slides, interactive questions (Sli.do®), and practical demonstrations to simulate RMD symptoms (e.g. stiffness and functional limitations) was then lead by a rheumatology nurse, with the testimony from a young patient representative. A primary care nurse assisted in order to be engaged and promote future sessions (“autonomously”). Change in knowledge was assessed with Wilcoxon-test and awareness was documented with “word clouds” (using Sli.do®).Results:A total of 75 students participated in four sessions (mode=16 years). Half of students (52%) had never heard about RMDs. Knowledge increased significantly in all questions (p<0.001; Graph 1). Figures 1 and 2 document the most common words representing what defines a RMD and what are the main symptoms, respectively.Conclusion:Our results confirm that awareness and knowledge about RMDs are very low high school students. The single and educational session was very well received by all students, and the the knowledge increased. Post-educational feedback was that students especially liked the testimony of a peer. Other sessions are taking place in primary schools.References:[1]Vlieland, T. P., et al. RMD Open, 2016;2:e000337. doi:10.1136/rmdopen- 2016-000337Acknowledgments:To European League Against Rheumatism for the founding provided through the campaign “Don’t Delay, Connect Today”.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Family Food Environment during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 354
Author(s):  
Amber J. Hammons ◽  
Ryan Robart
Keyword(s):  
Food Environment ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Family Connectedness ◽  
Healthy Habits ◽  
Children And Parents ◽  
The Family ◽  
Virtual Focus Groups ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Family Food Environment

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic, with its cyclical lockdown restrictions and school closures, has influenced family life. The home, work, and school environments have collided and merged to form a new normal for many families. This merging extends into the family food environment, and little is known about how families are currently navigating this landscape. The objective of the present study was to describe families’ adaptations in the family food environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Parents participated in one of 14 virtual focus groups (conducted in English and Spanish between December 2020 and February 2021). Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. Results: Forty-eight parents (81% Hispanic and SES diverse) participated. Five themes and one subtheme were identified around changes in eating habits and mealtime frequency, increases in snacking, family connectedness at mealtimes, and use of screens at meals. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the family food environment. Families shared how their eating habits have changed and that device usage increased at mealtimes. Some changes (e.g., weight gain) may have lasting health implications for both children and parents. Public health officials, pediatricians, and schools should work with families to resume healthy habits post pandemic.

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