scholarly journals Perbedaan Pengaruh Terapi Audio Gelombang Alpha dan Gelombang Theta terhadap Daya Konsentrasi Otak pada Pemuda GMIM Tabita Sarongsong 1 Airmadidi 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooh Kawengian ◽  
Jimmy Rumampuk ◽  
Fransiska Lintong
Keyword(s):  
Wave Exposure ◽  
T Test ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Brain Concentration ◽  
Theta Wave ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: This study was aimed to determine the differences in the effects of audio alpha and theta waves on brain concentration power among youths of GMIM Tabita Sarongsong I Airmadidi II. This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were 30 youths obtained by using the systematic sampling technique. The brain concentration power was measured by the results of solving modified mathematical problems. Data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, the normality test of Kolmogrov-Smirov, the homogeneity test was sought by the Levene test, followed by t-test to obtain the difference in the effects of audio alpha and theta waves on the brain concentration power. The results showed the average test result, as follows: of alpha wave exposure was 8.80 while of theta wave exposure was 8.53. The t-test analysis showed a p-valued of 0.000 <0.05, this meant that there was a significant difference between the effects of audio alpha and theta waves on the brain concentration power. In conclusion, alpha and theta wave therapy could influence the brain concentration power among youths of GMIM Tabita Sarongsong I Airmadidi II, however, theta wave was more effective than alpha wave.Keywords: audio wave therapy, brain concentration powerAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh audio gelombang alpha dan gelombang theta terhadap daya konsentrasi otak pada Pemuda GMIM Tabita Sarongsong I Airmadidi II. Jenis penelitian ialah kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling sistematis dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang. Daya konsentrasi otak diukur dengan hasil pengerjaan masalah matematika yang dimodifikasi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji normalitas Kolmogrov-Smirnov, uji homogenitas Levene, dilanjutkan uji-t untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh audio gelombang alpha dan gelombang theta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata hasil ujian dengan paparan gelombang alpha sebesar 8,80 sedangkan hasil ujian dengan paparan gelombang theta sebesar 8,53. Hasil analisis uji-t menunjukkan nilai p=0,000 <0,05. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terapi audio gelombang alpha dan theta dapat memengaruhi daya konsentrasi otak pada Pemuda GMIM Tabita Sarongsong I Airmadidi II namun gelombang theta lebih berpengaruh daripada gelombang alpha.Kata kunci: terapi audio gelombang, daya konsentrasi otak 

scholarly journals PEMANFAATAN STRATEGI CRITICAL INCIDENT DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MENULIS CERPEN (The Critical Incident Strategy in Learning to Write Short Stories)

Sirok Bastra ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Azis ◽  
Hajrah Hajrah ◽  
Suarni Suarni
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
T Test ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class Viii

AbstrakPenelitian bertujuan membuktikan keefektifan strategi critical incident dalam pembelajaran menulis cerpen. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen, dengan desain penelitian eksperimen murni. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Sinjai Selatan. Populasi penelitian keseluruhan siswa kelas VIII. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak sederhana dengan teknik simple random sampling. Sampel yang terpilih, yaitu kelas VIII-F (kelas eksperimen) dan kelas VIII-G (kelas kontrol). Instrumen yang digunakan, yaitu dalam bentuk tes cerita pendek. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik inferensial. Sebelum diadakan analisis data, dilakukan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan kemampuan menulis cerpen siswa kelas kontrol dengan eksperimen yang ditunjukkan oleh hasil uji-t yang dilakukan dengan bantuan program SPSS 20.0. Uji-t data posttest kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen menunjukkan nilai P = 0,001 (P < 0,05 = signifikan).Kata kunci: keefektifan, strategi critical incident, menulis, cerpen AbstractThe research aims to prove the effectiveness of the critical incident strategy in learning to write short stories. This type of research is experimental research. The research design used was pure experimentation. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 South Sinjai. The entire research population of class VIII students. Sampling is done by simple random sampling with simple random sampling technique. The selected sample, namely class VIII-F (experimental class) and class VIII-G (control class). The instrument used is in the form of short story tests. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Before the data analysis is carried out, the normality test and homogeneity test are done using the SPSS program. The results showed a significant difference in the ability to write short stories of control class students with experiments shown by the results of the t-test conducted with the help of the SPSS 20.0 program. The t-test posttest data of the control class and the experimental class showed a value of P = 0.001 (P <0.05 = significant).Keywords: effectiveness, critical incident strategy, writing, short stories

scholarly journals PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MENCARI PASANGAN DAN BERTUKAR PASANGAN DALAM KELOMPOK DISKUSI TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI SISTEM KOLOID KELAS XI IPA MAN 1 KOTA BENGKULU

Alotrop ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sella Aprianika ◽  
Amrul Bahar ◽  
Salastri Rohiat
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
T Test ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Colloidal System ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Research Population ◽  
Study Population

This study aims to determine differences in student learning outcomes using a model of learning make a match with a model partner switch the subject matter colloidal system class XI IPA MAN 1 Bengkulu City in the academic year 2017/2018. The research population of all classes XI IPA amounted to 4 classes with a total population of 151 students. The sampling of the research was done by normality test and homogeneity test before the study population. Obtained a sample of research that consists of 2 classes of class XI IPA 1 as an experimental class I that apply the model make a match and class XI IPA 2 as an experimental class II using a model parten switch. Student learning outcomes are seen from the postest score. Students' learning outcomes in the make a match class had an average of 82.714 while in the partner switch the average pair was 77.5. This shows that the model of make a match is more effectively used in the process of learning in class than the model of partner switch. From the t test-t test on both experiment classes is obtained tcount and ttable = 1.707> 1.666 (? = 0,05). The results show that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted which means that there is a significant difference between the learning result of the students using make a match model and the learning model partner switch on the material of the colloidal system.

scholarly journals The Effect of Duration of Use of Depomedroxyprogesterone Acetate on the Thickness of the Vaginal Epithelium of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Nora Veri ◽  
Cut Mutiah ◽  
Dewita Dewita ◽  
Henniwati Henniwati
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Vaginal Epithelium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test

BACKGROUND: Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is one of the most effective contraceptive methods currently widely used. Injectable contraceptives, including DMPA, are growing in popularity because of their ease of use, effectiveness and affordability. The use of DMPA also has advantages such as not interfering with sexual relations, does not need male participation, does not require storage space, and is easy to obtain and helps increase body weight. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of the duration of use of DMPA on the thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice. METHODS: The research design used in this study was true experimental with a post-test only control group design approach. This research was carried out treatment at a dose of 0.39 mg/mouse/day DMPA exposure in mice. The phenomenon observed in this study was the thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice. This study used mice with the completely randomized design method and was carried out at the Pharmacology Laboratory and the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, FKH Unsyiah. The collection of data technique was conducted by observation with a light microscope to calculate the average thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice injected with DMPA in the four groups. The data analysis technique was carried out in five stages, namely, the normality test of the sample data with the Shapiro–Wilk test, the homogeneity test of variance with the Levene test, and comparing the thickness of the vaginal epithelium in each of the two treatment groups using the independent t-test. RESULTS: The finding revised that there was a significant difference in the thickness of the vaginal epithelium in the two treatment groups 10 days and 15 days of DMPA exposure which was indicated by a p = 0.003 (p < 0.05). DMPA exposure levels cause thinning of the vaginal epithelial thickness. The average thickness of vaginal epithelium exposure to DMPA for 10 days in the control group was 182536.33 ± 5773.465. In the treatment group, exposure to DMPA for 10 days, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was 168322.33 ± 7611.300. The mean vaginal epithelial thickness in the 15-day DMPA exposure group in the control group was 177242.83 ± 9689.558. In the 15-day DMPA exposure treatment group, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was 138674.83 ± 17176.124. CONCLUSION: The application of social marketing has not been effective in changing the smoking behavior of students in Aceh. The application of social marketing needs to be supported by internal and external Islamic Boarding Schools.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Articaine and Lidocaine Anesthetics on Blood Pressure after Maxillary Infiltration Technique: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Moaddabi ◽  
Parisa Soltani ◽  
Maryam Zamanzadeh ◽  
Kamran Nosrati ◽  
Mojtaba Mollamirzaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
T Test ◽  
Lidocaine Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infiltration Technique ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Levene Test

Background. Many dental procedures begin with local anesthesia. Subsequent increase in blood pressure in healthy individuals commonly occurs and may be affected by several factors such as mental and physical stress, painful stimuli, and action of catecholamines present in local anesthetic solutions. The aim of the present study is to compare the effects of 4% articaine with 1 : 100000 epinephrine and 2% lidocaine with 1 : 80000 epinephrine on blood pressure after maxillary infiltration technique. Materials and Methods. In this randomized clinical trial, 102 patients were randomly assigned into two groups. One group received 4% articaine with 1 : 100000 epinephrine and the other group received 2% lidocaine with 1 : 80000 epinephrine for local maxillary infiltration. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of both groups was determined twice: once before anesthetic injection and once 10 minutes after injection. The data were statistically analyzed using descriptive statistics, Shapiro–Wilks test, Levene test, chi-square test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Results. The mean systolic blood pressure after anesthetic injection in the articaine and lidocaine groups was 125.00 ± 5.67 and 123.16 ± 6.417 mmHg, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference ( p = 0.127 ). The mean diastolic blood pressure after injection was 85.02 ± 7.331 in the articaine group and 81.35 ± 12.815 mmHg in the lidocaine group. These values show no statistically significant difference ( p = 0.080 ). In both groups, the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures have increased significantly ( p < 0.001 ). Conclusion. Articaine can be regarded as a suitable alternative for lidocaine for maxillary local infiltration, as no significant difference was observed between the effects of the two anesthetic solutions on blood pressure.

scholarly journals STUDI PERBANDINGAN PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA CHEMICAL DOMINO CARD DAN FLASH CARD

Alotrop ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Gusti ◽  
Amrul Bahar ◽  
Dewi Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
T Test ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Academic Year

[COMPARISON STUDY OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING USING CHEMICAL DOMINO CARD AND FLASH CARD MEDIA] This study aims to measure differences in the results of chemistry learning between experimental class 1 classes that apply Chemical Domino Card learning media with experimental class 2 that apply Flash Card media at nomenclature of chemical compounds topics in class X IPA SMA Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu at 2016 / 2017 academic year. Use of these two learning media is considered from the practicality, advantages, and effectivenes  The type of research is a quasi experimental research with the population of all students of class X MIPA in SMA Negeri 2 Kota Bengkulu at 2016/2017 academic year , which a sample class  is X MIPA E and X MIPA F. Implementation of research conducted by using two experimental class, X MIPA E which uses Chemical Domino Card media and class X MIPA F using Flash Card media. Data analysis used are  mean value, homogeneity test, normality test and t test. The average value of posttest experimental class I for first and second meeting is 77,5 and 79,72, while for experiment class II is 86,94 and 88,61. Then t test is done by using difference of pretest and posttest value of student, which is obtained that both at first meeting and second t count> t table that is 2,44> 2,38081 (first meeting) and 2,81> 2,38081 (second meeting ). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference of student learning outcomes using Chemical Domino Card and Flash Card media on the nomenclature of chemical compounds

scholarly journals The Difference Effect of Recovery in Warm Water and Aroma Therapy Sauna Recovery against Decreased Lactic Acid Levels after Submaximal Physical Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Ardo Yulpiko Putra ◽  
Hari Setijono ◽  
Hari Setijono ◽  
Edy Mintarto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Test Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Warm Water ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Group

Recovery is one way to reduce levels of blood lactic acid after exercising. There are several types of recovery, namely warm water recovery and aroma therapy sauna recovery. However, both types are not very well-known. This study aims to look at the differences in the effect of warm water recovery and aroma therapy sauna recovery on decreasing blood lactic acid levels after submaximal physical activity. The study design used is the randomized pre-test and post-test group design. This study used 18 people per group consisted of men aged 19 to 21 years. Subjects were divided into 2 groups K1 and K2; K1 is warm water recovery group and K2 is aroma therapy sauna recovery group. Both groups were given maximal 85% heart rate of submaximal physical activity treatment. The submaximal form of physical activity is using ergo cycle. The warm water recovery and aroma therapy sauna recovery were done after the submaximal physical activity. The warm water recovery is in the form of soaking in warm water and the aroma therapy sauna recovery is in the form of only staying silent and still in the sauna for 5 minutes long. The data obtained from the results of the study were processed using the SPSS 20 program statistics. The results showed that the mean of blood lactic acid level in the pre-test was 9.36 ± 1.82 mMol / L, the K1 group post test1 was 3.75 ± 1.04 mMol / L, group K1 post test2 2.70 ± 0.88 mMol / L, group K2 post test1 5.28 ± 1.35 mMol, L, group K2 post test2 3.12 ± 1.01 mMol / L. Data were processed using descriptive and inferential statistics (normality test, homogeneity test, paired t and free t-test) with a significance level of p <0.05. Paired t-test results showed a significant decrease in lactic acid (0,000) and free T active delta 1 and delta 1 passive p = 0.031, delta 3 active and delta 3 passive p = 0.015 which means there is a significant difference between the warm water recovery group and the aroma therapy sauna recovery group. Thus from the results of this study it can be concluded that the decrease in blood lactic acid levels is greater in the warm water type of recovery compared to the aroma therapy sauna type of recovery.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN METODE SHOW AND TELL TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Resty Aprilia Fihrallah ◽  
Edi Suresman ◽  
Saepul Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fourth Grade Students ◽  
Improving Student Learning

Abstract. This study discusses the effectiveness of the use of the Show and Tell method in improving the learning achievement of fourth grade students in Akhlak subjects in Madarasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah Wasilatunnaja in the 2015/2016 academic year. This research uses a quantitative method through an experimental approach with nonequivalent control group design. Based on the results of data analysis based on the normality test, homogeneity test, and t test, it is known that the results of posttest, is normal and homogeneous, the sig (2-tailed) value of 0.145 with (df) 45 where 0.145> 0.05 . Then, according to the basis of decision making in the independent sample t-test, it can be concluded that Ho is accepted and Ha is rejected, which means that there is no difference between the average learning outcomes of the experimental class and the control class. Which also shows that there is no significant difference in learning outcomes between the experimental class and the control class. In other words the show and tell method is not effective enough in improving student learning outcomes in moral subjects. Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas tentang efektivitas penggunaan metode Show and Tell dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa kelas IV pada mata pelajaran Akhlak di Madarasah Diniyah Takmiliyah Awaliyah Wasilatunnaja pada Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif melalui pendekatan eksperimen dengan nonequivalent control group design. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dengan berdasarkan pada uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji –t, diketahui bahwa hasil dari postest normal dan homogen, maka diperoleh nilai sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,145 dengan (df) 45 di mana 0,145 > 0,05. Maka sesuai dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam uji independent sample t-test maka dapat disimpulkan Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak yang artinya bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan antara rata-rata hasil belajar kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Yang juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Dengan kata lain metode show and tell ini tidak cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajara akhlak.

scholarly journals KELIMPAHAN HEWAN MAKROBENTOS YANG BERASOSIASI PADA HABITAT LAMUN DENGAN JARAK BERBEDA DI PERAIRAN PULAU PRAMUKA KEPULAUAN SERIBU

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nurul Ekaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
T Test ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Thalassia Hemprichii ◽  
Enhalus Acoroides ◽  
Halophila Ovalis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Value Diversity ◽  
Cymodocea Rotundata ◽  
Systematic Sampling Method

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April 2012 di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode sistematik sampling artinya sampling yang disusun dengan lokasi dan waktu sampling dibuat dengan pola teratur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis lamun yang ditemukan di Pulau Pramuka Kepulauan Seribu adalah Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis dan Syringodium. Kelimpahan hewan makrobentos pada habitat lamun dengan jarak berbeda, yaitu Stasiun A (6 meter) 10 spesies dengan 52 individu dan Stasiun B (50 meter) 12 spesies dengan 69 individu. Nilai Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) hewan makrobentos pada Stasiun A dan Stasiun B sebesar 2,29 dan 2,39. Nilai Indeks Keseragaman (E) pada Stasiun A dan Stasiun B sebesar 0,95 dan 0,96. Dari hasil uji T- Test didapatkan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,159 (P<0,005), yang berarti tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan kelimpahan hewan makrobentos pada habitat lamun dengan jarak berbeda atau relatif seragam.Kata kunci : Lamun, Kelimpahan Hewan Makrobentos, Pulau PramukaAbstractThis reseacrh has been conducted on April 2012 in the Pramuka Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Systematic sampling method was used to sampling of makrozoobenthos with the location and time of sampling was made in a regular pattern. The results showed that the type of the seagrass found in Pramuka Island Kepulauan Seribu are Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis and Syringodium. The abundance of makrozoobenthos on habitat of seagrass with different distances are Station A (6 meters) 10 species with 52 individuals and Station B (50 meters) 12 species with 69 individuals. Value Diversity Index (H ') makrozoobenthos at Station A and Station B are about 2,29 and 2,39. Value Evenness Index (E) in Stasiun A and Stasiun B are about 0,95 dan 0,96. The test T-Test results obtained significant value of 0.159 (P <0.005), which means there is no significant difference on abundance of makrozoobenthos in habitat of seagrass with different distance or relatively uniform.Keywords: Seagrass, Abudance Makrozoobenthos, Pramuka Island

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA CHEMOPOLY GAME DAN TOURNAMENT QUESTION CARDS

Alotrop ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dui Sherly Viani ◽  
Amrul Bahar ◽  
Elvinawati Elvinawati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Learning Outcomes ◽  
Student Interaction ◽  
T Test ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Media Data

The low learning outcomes of the students is because in the learning process of teacher and student interaction only goes one way. Teachers often use lecture methods so that students tend to only accept what is given. This can make the students' motivation and activeness in following the lesson to be low. Therefore, researchers try to vary the cooperative learning model using Chemopoly Game media and Tournament Question Cards. This is quasi experimental research with population class X MIPA in SMAN 2 Kota Bengkulu and sample is class X MIPA C using media Tournament Question Cards and class X MIPA D using Chemopoly Game media. Data analysis used were mean score, normality test, homogeneity test, and t test. The average posttest grade of experiment I is 85,59 While for experiment class II is 79,38. Then t test and obtained tcount> ttable (2.62> 2.38). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between student learning outcomes using Chemopoly Game media and Tournament Question Cards on basic chemical law materials.

scholarly journals KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL CONNECTED DAN INTEGRATED DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS SMP DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

INFORMASI ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrus Idrus
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Integrated Models ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Levene Test

This research aimed to: (1) analyze the differences in social studies learning achievement between the students using connected and integrated models and those using conventional model; and (2) analyze the hierarchy of the effect of the learning models  among the connected, integrated, and conventional. This experimental research employed a matching post-test comparison group design. The population of this research was National Standardized Schools of Junior Secondary Schools in Yogyakarta. The technique used for sample drawing was multistage sampling. In this research, the independent variable was the learning model which consisted of three categories: integrated, connected, and conventional models. The dependent variable was the mean score of students’ learning achievement in social studies subject. Data collection was done by means of an achievement test. Instrument validation was done by discriminating power and difficulty index, while the reliability was calculated by KR-20. The pre-requisite  test included normality and homogeneity tests. The normality test used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the homogeneity test used Levene Test. Data were analyzed in one way anova analysis and continued with Scheffe comparison test on the significance level of 0.05. The results of the experiment show that there are  significant difference among the students’ learning achievement who used integrated, connected, and conventional models. The continued test using Scheffe ensured that the integrated model was more effective than the connected and conventional models, while the connected model was more effective in improving the students’ learning achievement in social studies subject compared with the conventional model. Therefore, the hierarchy of the effect of the learning models is first the integrated model followed by connected and conventional models. Key words: Connected, Integrated Models, Social Studies Learning

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