scholarly journals KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL CONNECTED DAN INTEGRATED DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS SMP DI KOTA YOGYAKARTA

INFORMASI ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrus Idrus
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Integrated Models ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Levene Test

This research aimed to: (1) analyze the differences in social studies learning achievement between the students using connected and integrated models and those using conventional model; and (2) analyze the hierarchy of the effect of the learning models  among the connected, integrated, and conventional. This experimental research employed a matching post-test comparison group design. The population of this research was National Standardized Schools of Junior Secondary Schools in Yogyakarta. The technique used for sample drawing was multistage sampling. In this research, the independent variable was the learning model which consisted of three categories: integrated, connected, and conventional models. The dependent variable was the mean score of students’ learning achievement in social studies subject. Data collection was done by means of an achievement test. Instrument validation was done by discriminating power and difficulty index, while the reliability was calculated by KR-20. The pre-requisite  test included normality and homogeneity tests. The normality test used Kolmogorov-Smirnov and the homogeneity test used Levene Test. Data were analyzed in one way anova analysis and continued with Scheffe comparison test on the significance level of 0.05. The results of the experiment show that there are  significant difference among the students’ learning achievement who used integrated, connected, and conventional models. The continued test using Scheffe ensured that the integrated model was more effective than the connected and conventional models, while the connected model was more effective in improving the students’ learning achievement in social studies subject compared with the conventional model. Therefore, the hierarchy of the effect of the learning models is first the integrated model followed by connected and conventional models. Key words: Connected, Integrated Models, Social Studies Learning

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE PEMBELAJARAN PREVIEW, QUESTION, READ, REFLECTION, RECITE DAN REVIEW (PQ4R) BERBANTUAN MEDIA BOOKLET TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATERI IKATAN KIMIA SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 1 PENGKADAN KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darmawansyah Darmawansyah ◽  
Cawang Cawang ◽  
Rody Putra Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Posttest Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bonding Method

ABSTRACT This study aimed to determine the effect of booklet-based on PQ4R learning method. Using quasi experimental method, as well as nonequivalent control group design, this study employed students of grade X as the samples (Grade XA as the control group and grade XB as the experiment group). They were selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data collection tools used were essay and interview. While the data collection technique employed were measurement and direct communication. The study revealed that the average posttest score of the experiment group was 83,68, while the average posttest score of the experiment group was 83,68. Hence the experiment group was distributively considered normal. The homogeneity test indicated that both groups were homogenous (sig value 0,0522>0,05). However, the hypothetical test of t independent sample with α=0,05 discovered T account of 2,960>560. This value indicated that there was a significant difference of students’ learning achievement by using booklet based PQ4R method and lecturing method in chemical bonding class at grade X of SMA Negeri 1 Pengkadan. The result of effect size value was 0,81 which entailed the highest level of the effect (28,20%).Keywords: Booklet, Learning achievement, Chemical bonding, Method of Preview, Question,Read, Reflection, Recite and Review (PQ4R)

scholarly journals Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe TAI (Teams Assisted Individualization) terhadap Sikap Kerjasama dan Sikap Bertanggung Jawab Siswa

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchamad Ishak
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Conventional Model ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Responsible Attitude

This study aims to reveal the effectiveness of the TAI type of cooperative learning model in enhancing students' attitude of cooperation and responsible attitude. The learning model emphasizes more on solving individual learning problems as a group's responsibility, so that the model is believed to improve cooperation and responsibility. The method used is an experimental method with a "randomized control group pretest-posttest design" design. The population that became the object of this study were all students of class X SMK PGRI 3 Cimahi totaling 120 people, samples were taken as many as 60 people randomly. Then the initial test is done as a reference to divide into two different groups, namely the TAI type cooperative model and the conventional model. The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire regarding the attitude of cooperation and attitude of responsibility. Data obtained from initial and final tests are then processed and analyzed using SPSS Serie 16 with stages: Normality Test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), Homogeneity Test (Lavene statistical), Analysis of variance (Independent samples t-test). First, there is an effect of the type of TAI cooperative learning model on student cooperation attitude. Second, there is an influence of the TAI type cooperative learning model on students' responsible attitude. Third, there is an influence of conventional learning models on student cooperation attitude. Fourth, there is an influence of conventional learning models on students' responsible attitudes. and Fifth, the TAI type of cooperative learning model is better than the conventional model of cooperative attitudes and students' responsible attitudes.

scholarly journals Perbedaan metode STAD dan TPS dalam meningkatkan kerja sama dan aktivitas belajar pada pembelajaran IPS SMP

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Novika Malinda Safitri ◽  
Taat Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Seventh Grade ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Levene Test ◽  
Student Team ◽  
Cluster Random Sampling

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) perbedaan peningkatan kerja sama siswa antara kelas yang menggunakan metode STAD dan metode TPS dalam pembelajaran IPS di kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Margoyoso Pati Jawa Tengah, dan (2) perbedaan peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa antara kelas yang menggunakan metode STAD dan metode TPS dalam pembelajaran IPS di kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Margoyoso Pati Jawa Tengah. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP N 1 Margoyoso Pati Jawa Tengah. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik cluster random sampling dan terpilih kelas VII D diberi perlakuan dengan menggunakan metode STAD dan kelas VII A menggunakan metode TPS. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen nontes yaitu angket kerja sama dan aktivitas belajar siswa. Validitas instrumen  menggunakan analisis faktor. Reliabilitas instrumen diuji dengan rumus Cronbach’s Alpha. Uji normalitas data menggunakan Kolmogorov Smirnov dan uji homogenitas menggunakan Levene Test. Pengujian perbedaan peningkatan kerja sama dan aktivitas belajar siswa dianalisis dengan Independent Sample T Test pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan peningkatan kerja sama siswa yang signifikan antara kelas yang menggunakan metode STAD dan metode TPS dalam pembelajaran IPS di kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Margoyoso Pati Jawa Tengah, dan (2) terdapat perbedaan peningkatan aktivitas belajar siswa yang signifikan antara kelas yang menggunakan metode STAD dan metode TPS dalam pembelajaran IPS di kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Margoyoso Pati Jawa Tengah.Kata kunci: student team achievement divison, think pair share, kerja sama siswa, aktivitas belajar siswa THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STAD METHOD AND TPS TO PROMOTE STUDENT'S TEAMWORK AND LEARNING ACTIVITIES ON SOCIAL STUDIES LEARNING IN SMPAbstractThis research aims to know: (1) the difference between student’s teamwork enhancement using STAD method and TPS method on social studies in class VII SMP N 1 Margoyoso Pati Central Java, and (2) the difference between student’s learning activities enhancement using STAD method and TPS method on social studies in class VII SMP N 1 Margoyoso Pati Central Java. The population in this study were all seventh-grade students of SMP N 1 Margoyoso Pati Central Java. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling technique on the group of population which is class VII treated by STAD method and class VII A by TPS method. The instrument used was a non-test instrument which is teamwork instrument and learning activities instrument. The validity of the instrument was measured by factor analysis. The reliability of instrument was measured using Cronbach’s Alpha. Data normality test used Kolmogorov Smirnov and homogeneity test used Levene Test. The difference of increased teamwork and learning activities was analyzed by Independent Sample T-Test with the significance level of 0.05. The results show that: (1) there is a significant difference between student’s teamwork increase using STAD method and TPS method during social studies learning on the seventh-grade students of SMP N 1 Margoyoso Pati Central Java, and (2) there is a significant difference between the increase of student’s learning activities using STAD method and TPS method during social studies learning on the seventh-grade students of SMP N 1 Margoyoso Pati Central Java.Keywords: student team achievement division, think pair share, student's teamwork, student's learning activities

scholarly journals Perbedaan Pengaruh Terapi Audio Gelombang Alpha dan Gelombang Theta terhadap Daya Konsentrasi Otak pada Pemuda GMIM Tabita Sarongsong 1 Airmadidi 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jooh Kawengian ◽  
Jimmy Rumampuk ◽  
Fransiska Lintong
Keyword(s):  
Wave Exposure ◽  
T Test ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Brain Concentration ◽  
Theta Wave ◽  
Theta Waves ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test ◽  
The Brain

Abstract: This study was aimed to determine the differences in the effects of audio alpha and theta waves on brain concentration power among youths of GMIM Tabita Sarongsong I Airmadidi II. This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were 30 youths obtained by using the systematic sampling technique. The brain concentration power was measured by the results of solving modified mathematical problems. Data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, the normality test of Kolmogrov-Smirov, the homogeneity test was sought by the Levene test, followed by t-test to obtain the difference in the effects of audio alpha and theta waves on the brain concentration power. The results showed the average test result, as follows: of alpha wave exposure was 8.80 while of theta wave exposure was 8.53. The t-test analysis showed a p-valued of 0.000 <0.05, this meant that there was a significant difference between the effects of audio alpha and theta waves on the brain concentration power. In conclusion, alpha and theta wave therapy could influence the brain concentration power among youths of GMIM Tabita Sarongsong I Airmadidi II, however, theta wave was more effective than alpha wave.Keywords: audio wave therapy, brain concentration powerAbstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh audio gelombang alpha dan gelombang theta terhadap daya konsentrasi otak pada Pemuda GMIM Tabita Sarongsong I Airmadidi II. Jenis penelitian ialah kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling sistematis dengan jumlah sampel 30 orang. Daya konsentrasi otak diukur dengan hasil pengerjaan masalah matematika yang dimodifikasi. Analisis data penelitian menggunakan analisis deskriptif, uji normalitas Kolmogrov-Smirnov, uji homogenitas Levene, dilanjutkan uji-t untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh audio gelombang alpha dan gelombang theta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata hasil ujian dengan paparan gelombang alpha sebesar 8,80 sedangkan hasil ujian dengan paparan gelombang theta sebesar 8,53. Hasil analisis uji-t menunjukkan nilai p=0,000 <0,05. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah terapi audio gelombang alpha dan theta dapat memengaruhi daya konsentrasi otak pada Pemuda GMIM Tabita Sarongsong I Airmadidi II namun gelombang theta lebih berpengaruh daripada gelombang alpha.Kata kunci: terapi audio gelombang, daya konsentrasi otak 

scholarly journals The Effect of Duration of Use of Depomedroxyprogesterone Acetate on the Thickness of the Vaginal Epithelium of Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Nora Veri ◽  
Cut Mutiah ◽  
Dewita Dewita ◽  
Henniwati Henniwati
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Vaginal Epithelium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Epithelial Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Levene Test

BACKGROUND: Depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is one of the most effective contraceptive methods currently widely used. Injectable contraceptives, including DMPA, are growing in popularity because of their ease of use, effectiveness and affordability. The use of DMPA also has advantages such as not interfering with sexual relations, does not need male participation, does not require storage space, and is easy to obtain and helps increase body weight. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of the duration of use of DMPA on the thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice. METHODS: The research design used in this study was true experimental with a post-test only control group design approach. This research was carried out treatment at a dose of 0.39 mg/mouse/day DMPA exposure in mice. The phenomenon observed in this study was the thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice. This study used mice with the completely randomized design method and was carried out at the Pharmacology Laboratory and the Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, FKH Unsyiah. The collection of data technique was conducted by observation with a light microscope to calculate the average thickness of the vaginal epithelium of mice injected with DMPA in the four groups. The data analysis technique was carried out in five stages, namely, the normality test of the sample data with the Shapiro–Wilk test, the homogeneity test of variance with the Levene test, and comparing the thickness of the vaginal epithelium in each of the two treatment groups using the independent t-test. RESULTS: The finding revised that there was a significant difference in the thickness of the vaginal epithelium in the two treatment groups 10 days and 15 days of DMPA exposure which was indicated by a p = 0.003 (p < 0.05). DMPA exposure levels cause thinning of the vaginal epithelial thickness. The average thickness of vaginal epithelium exposure to DMPA for 10 days in the control group was 182536.33 ± 5773.465. In the treatment group, exposure to DMPA for 10 days, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was 168322.33 ± 7611.300. The mean vaginal epithelial thickness in the 15-day DMPA exposure group in the control group was 177242.83 ± 9689.558. In the 15-day DMPA exposure treatment group, the thickness of the vaginal epithelium was 138674.83 ± 17176.124. CONCLUSION: The application of social marketing has not been effective in changing the smoking behavior of students in Aceh. The application of social marketing needs to be supported by internal and external Islamic Boarding Schools.

scholarly journals PENINGKATAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPS MATERI PERJUANGAN MEMPROKLAMASIKAN KEMERDEKAAN MELALUI COOPERATIVE SCRIPT

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirman Dirman
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Student Activities ◽  
Average Value

This study aims to improve the learning achievement of social studies subjects struggling to proclaim independence through Cooperative Script learning models. This research was conducted in 2 learning cycles which included planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting activities and each cycle consists of 2 meetings. The results of the study prove the initial conditions before using the Cooperative Script learning model with an average value of 66 with a percentage of learning completeness of 36%. After using the Cooperative Script learning model in the first cycle the average value rose to 77 with the percentage of learning completeness 59%. At the end of the second cycle, the average score became 80 with a percentage of learning completeness 82%. Teacher activities experienced an increase from good criteria (2.64) in the first cycle to be a very good criterion of 3.45 in the second cycle. Student activities also increased from good criteria (2.86) in cycle I to good criteria (3.25) in cycle II. Based on the results of these studies it can be concluded that learning using Cooperative Script learning models on social studies subjects struggle to proclaim independence for students of fifth grade of SD Negeri 3 Kedungurang can improve attitudes towards student learning achievement.

scholarly journals Perbandingan model problem based learning (PBL) dan model pembelajaran konvensional terhadap hasil belajar IPS terpadu siswa SMP Negeri 6 Welak

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
Maria Melita R. Jemalu ◽  
Rusno Rusno ◽  
Udik Yudiono
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Test Technique ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Pbl Model

This study focuses on discussing the results of the analysis of (1) the value of integrated social studies learning outcomes of students who are taught using the Problem based learning (PBL) model, (2) the value of integrated social studies learning outcomes of students who are taught using conventional learning models, (3) comparison of the results of Integrated Social Studies learning students who are taught using the Problem based learning (PBL) model with the value of Integrated Social Studies learning outcomes students who are taught using conventional learning models. This research method is quantitative with a quasi-experimental design. The population of this study was students of class VIII A and VIII B of SMP Negeri 6 Welak 2020/2021, with a total of 50 students (classes VIII A and VIII B each consisted of 25 students). Sampling uses total sampling, so that all members of the population are assigned to be the sample, where class VIII A is assigned to be the experimental class and class VIII B is assigned to be the control class. The treatment of the PBL model was only applied to the experimental class, while the control class was taught by the teacher using a conventional learning model. This research data collection using test technique. Data analysis techniques include normality test, homogeneity test, and Independent Sample T Test. The results of this study conclude: (1) the value of Integrated Social Studies learning outcomes for class VIII students of SMP Negeri 6 Welak who are taught using the Problem based learning (PBL) model is in the 'very good' category; (2) the value of Integrated Social Studies learning outcomes for grade VIII SMP Negeri 6 Welak students who are taught using conventional learning models are in the 'good' category; (3) the value of Integrated Social Studies learning outcomes for students of class VIII SMP Negeri 6 Welak who are taught using the Problem based learning (PBL) model is significantly different from the value of Integrated Social Studies learning outcomes of students who are taught using conventional learning models.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DISCOVERY UNTUK MENGETAHUI KETERAMPILAN DASAR BEKERJA ILMIAH MAHASISWA IAIN PALU

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Mirnawati Mirnawati
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Discovery Learning ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to determine the differences in knowledge of basic scientific work skills in students in the classroom. This research uses the Quasi Experiment method with The Non Equivalent, Pretest-Postest Design research design. The research sample consisted of 30 PGMI IAIN Palu students. The sampling technique used is Simple Random Sampling. Data collection techniques are using observation sheets. Data analysis techniques using the Normality test, Homogeneity test, and t test using the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 and Microsoft Excel programs. The results showed the significance value of Sig (2-Tailed) was 0.00 <0.05 which means that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. Obtained from data on differences in knowledge of basic scientific work skills for students who use the conventional learning model and for students who use the Discovery Learning learning model. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in knowledge between students who use conventional learning models and students who use Discovery Learning learning models in the Science Concept Basic courses.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA DITINJAU DARI KEAKTIFAN SISWA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Retno Utaminingsih ◽  
Dyan Asih Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Test Item ◽  
Science Learning ◽  
Fourth Graders ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Linearity Test ◽  
Very High

This research aims to determine the influence of ‘think pair share’ cooperative learning model on Science learning achievement as viewed from students’ activeness. This research was conducted at Selang State Elementary School, Gunung Kidul regency, academic year 2018/2019 with a population that consists of 2 classes of odd semester fourth graders, totaling 46 students. The research type is quasi experiment, students from IV-A and IV-B classes were taken as research samples. The data collection techniques used were documentation technique; test technique, and questionnaires. Test item validity was calculated using a product moment correlation formula. Test item reliability was calculated using the KR-20 formula and the questionnaire instrument using Cronbach’s alpha. The data analysis technique used was ancova test after applying requirement analysis tests which included distribution normality test, variant homogeneity test, and correlation linearity test. The research results descriptively showed that the tendency of Science learning achievement where ‘think-pair-share’ learning model was used had an average of 22.217 (very high); and the tendency of students’ learning activeness had an average of 69.78 (very high). The tendency of Science learning achievement in which expository learning model was used had an average of 18.83 (high), and the tendency of students’ learning activeness had an average of 57.609 (medium). Comparatively there was a very significant difference in students’ Science learning achievements between Selang State Elementary School Gunung Kidul fourth graders who used ‘think-pair-share’ model and those who used expository model in terms of students’ activeness (Fcount = 0.075 with p = 0.781). The average of students’ Science learning achievement scores and students’ activeness in those who used the ‘think-pair-share’ learning model are higher than those who used the expository learning model.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS MODEL PEMBELAJARAN RECIPROCAL TEACHING DALAM PENINGKATAN KEMANDIRIAN DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN EKONOMI (Studi Eksperimen Pada Siswa Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 6 Padang)

Jurnal Ecogen ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Sri Annisa Agusti ◽  
Elvi Rahmi ◽  
Rita Syofyan
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
T Test ◽  
Reciprocal Teaching ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Teaching Models ◽  
Conventional Models ◽  
Program Version

Reciprocal Teaching is learning model that consisting of four strategies are summarizing, questioning generating, clarifying and predicting. The using of  reciprocal teaching  expected to increase independence and learning achievement students on economic subjects. This study aims to see the effectiveness of  reciprocal teaching  for increase the independence and learning achievement  students on economic subjects. This study is the research of quasi experiment. The population in this study are all students of XI IPA class SMA Negeri 6 Padang. The methods in this research is  descriptive analysis and inferensial analysis t test using the SPSS program version 21. The result of this research are 1) There are no difference independence students by using  reciprocal teaching with the independence of students by using the conventional models. 2) There are difference learning achievement  students by using reciprocal teaching with learning achievement  students by using the conventional models. The using of learning models of reciprocal teaching isn’t quite effective in an increase in the independence of students learning. The value of effect size obtained againts the independence of learning 0,23 that included in the low criteria. If viewed the percentage based on the curves normal 0 to Z can be obtained a number of 0,0948, that is the contribution of learning models of reciprocal teaching in an increase in the independence of learning students which amounted to 9,48%. But the using of learning models of reciprocal teaching is effective in an increase learning achievement  students, it looks based on the accounts effect size then found the number of 0,71 with high criteria. If viewed the percentage based on the curves normal 0 to Z can be obtained a number of 0,2711, that is the contribution of learning models of reciprocal teaching in an increase learning achievement  students  which amounted to 27,11%. In the use of reciprocal teaching models teacher should have a lot times and the students are expected for increase their ability in the search of information related on economic subjects.Keyword: reciprocal teaching, independence, learning achievement

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