scholarly journals Performance Studies on Stone Mastic Asphalt Mixes with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Anusha T M ◽  
◽  
Akhilesh B R ◽  
Dr H S Jagadeesh ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Test ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Repeated Load

Stone mastic asphalt (SMA) is a gap graded mix which is categorised by more quantity of coarse aggregate, high asphalt content and fibre. Due to stone on stone contact and presences of high filler content, it acts as a stiff matrix and reduces the rutting due to heavy traffic load. This research presents a study on fatigue performance RAP replaced SMA mixes using VG 30 as binder along with elastomer as a modifier and results were compared with conventional SMA mix. The specimens prepared were tested using several laboratory test procedures: Marshall mix design, indirect tensile strength, moisture susceptibility, drain down test and Repeated load fatigue test. Test results showed Marshall Properties of the RAP mix improved up to a RAP content of 30% without elastomer modifier and RAP content up to 60% with elastomeric modifier. From the moisture susceptibility test results, the elastomeric modified SMA mix showed high resistance to moisture damage when compared to conventional mix and 30% RAP replacement mix. Repeated load fatigue test was conducted for different stress load and temperature and results showed elastomeric modified SMA mix offered high resistance to deformation across all stress level and temperature when compared to conventional and optimum RAP mix. As a fatigue loading increased resulted in decrease of number of fatigue cycles and increased in the initial tensile strain of the mix. As the percentage of RAP addition increased the initial tensile strain decreased.

Performance Characterization of Stone Mastic Asphalt using Steel Fiber

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekarizan Shaffie ◽  
◽  
H.A. Rashid ◽  
Fiona Shiong ◽  
Ahmad Kamil Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Bitumen Content ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a gap-graded hot mixture designed to provide higher resistance towards permanent deformation and rutting potential by 30% to 40% more than dense-graded asphalt, due to its stable aggregate skeleton structure. However, compared to other types of hot mix asphalt, SMA unfortunately has some shortcomings in term of its susceptibility towards moisture-induced damage due to its structure and excessive bitumen content in the composition. This research aims to assess the performance of a SMA mixture with steel fiber by enhancing overall stability, abrasion resistance, and, most importantly, moisture susceptibility. This study involved the incorporation of various steel fiber proportions of 0%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 0.7% by the total weight of mixture. The steel fiber modified SMA was made up of 6.0% PEN 60/70 bitumen content. The performance of SMA were evaluated through Marshall stability and flow test, Cantabro loss test and indirect tensile strength test. The results obtained from the testing showed that the incorporation of steel fiber is significantly effective to enhance the resistance towards moisture damage, while increasing the stability and reducing the abrasion loss of SMA mixture, compared to conventional mixture. Overall, it can be concluded that the addition of steel fiber in asphalt mixture specifically SMA, has improved the mechanical performance in the application of asphalt pavement with the optimum steel fiber proportion of 0.3% by the weight of mixture. The developed models between the independent variables and responses demonstrated high levels of correlation. The study found that Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an effective statistical method for providing an appropriate empirical model for relating parameters and predicting the optimum performance of an asphaltic mixture to reduce flexible pavement failure.

scholarly journals Usage of Reclaimed Asphalt Material in Stone Mastic Asphalt

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Petr Hyzl ◽  
Ondrej Dasek ◽  
Iva Coufalikova ◽  
Michal Varaus ◽  
Dusan Stehlik
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Test Section ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
The Road ◽  
Laboratory Design ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt

The paper focuses on the issue of using reclaimed asphalt (RA) in asphalt mixtures used for highly traffic-loaded asphalt pavements—in asphalt mixtures of the stone mastic asphalt (SMA) type. It is a skeleton-type mixture, where the traffic load is bore by a skeleton of coarse aggregates bonded with mastic (i.e., bitumen and fine aggregates). It is therefore essential to pay close attention to the properties of this coarse aggregate. Higher demands on properties of the aggregate are probably due to the fact that RA is not currently being used in SMA-type mixtures. Most standards do not allow usage of RA in this type of mixtures. Given that traffic load of road networks is constantly increasing, the ratio of SMA-type asphalt mixtures also increases in the road network. This paper presents results of 5-year research focused on the possibility of using RA in SMA-type asphalt mixtures. This included laboratory design of these mixtures with various dosages and types of RA. Their empirical and functional properties were verified. Based on the positive results of the laboratory testing, a test section was subsequently constructed using several variants of the mixtures containing up to 50% of RA. This test section is regularly being monitored, and despite very intense traffic load, there are no failures apparent after 2 and half years of operation. Based on the laboratory research and subsequent construction and monitoring of a test section, it can be said that RA can be used in SMA-type mixtures without any negative impacts on functional properties or mixture lifetime.

scholarly journals Investigation of textile waste usage in stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 469-481
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Cellulose Fibre ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Textile Waste ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Traffic Loads ◽  
Marshall Test ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Research Show

Stone mastic asphalt pavements are preferred worldwide as they are more resistant to heavy traffic loads. The stone mastic asphalt pavement design involves the use of 70-80% of coarse aggregate, 8-12% of filler, 5-7% of binder, and approximately 0.3-0.5% of fibre. The gap-graded structure and high binder content of stone mastic asphalt cause bitumen to drain down from aggregates. Marshall test and Schellenberg bitumen drainage test are performed in this research on samples prepared with different quantities of textile waste and cellulose fibre. The results of the research show that textile waste can be used instead of traditional fibres.

Performance evaluation of crumb rubber and paraffin modified stone mastic asphalt

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baha Vural Kök ◽  
Mehmet Yilmaz ◽  
Mustafa Akpolat
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Bituminous Mixtures ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Different Characteristics

Recently, crumb rubber (CR) obtained from waste tires and Fischer–Tropsch paraffin are mostly used in bitumen modification to improve the performance of bituminous mixtures. Each of these additives affects the different properties of mixtures. There are limited studies in the literature about the combined usage of additive in the same mixture to utilize the different characteristics. In this study, the stability, stiffness, fatigue resistance, permanent deformation resistance, and moisture susceptibility characteristics of the stone mastic asphalt prepared with the bitumen modified with CR and paraffin were examined and compared with the control mixture. It was determined that CR-modified mixtures showed significantly more elastic characteristics. The mixture in which the 10% CR and 3% paraffin were used together gave better results in terms of moisture susceptibility and fatigue resistance when compared with the control mixture. It was determined that the use of paraffin together with CR contributed to the improved performance, and was in accordance with the CR in terms of mechanical characteristics of stone mastic asphalt.

scholarly journals CRAWLER-MASTIC ASPHALT CONCRETE WITH THE USE OF BITUMEN MODIFIED BY SEVILEEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
S. Navolokina ◽  
V. Yadykina ◽  
Anatoliy Gridchin
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Crushed Stone ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Modified Binders ◽  
Entire Complex ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Positive Effect

Heavy traffic reduces the strength characteristics of asphalt concrete, causes peeling on the pavement. Crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete is designed for the device of the upper layers of the coating on roads with high traffic intensity. The use of polymerasfalt concrete on a modified binder can lead to an improvement in the physical and mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete and increase its re-sistance to climatic influences. The main aspects of improving the quality of crushed stone-mastic as-phalt concrete (SMA) due to the use of a binder modified with sevilen (SEVA) are discussed. The effect of bitumen containing sevilen with 22 and 29 % vinyl acetate groups on the properties of crushed stone-mastic asphalt concrete has been investigated. Analysis of the results showes that the use of modified binders has a positive effect on the entire complex of physical and mechanical parameters of polymer asphalt concrete. An increase in the strength of the samples at 20 and 50 °C, a decrease in this indicator at 0 °C is established. The indicators of water and heat resistance, shear resistance and crack resistance are also improved, which should have a positive effect on the durability of the road surface. Rational concentrations of polymer additives and the amount of vinyl acetate groups in its composition have been established. The adhesion of the binder to the mineral part of the asphalt con-crete mixture is estimated. The index of sensitivity to temperature differences of asphalt concrete sam-ples is considered due to the fact that asphalt concrete is a material that reacts to temperature fluctua-tions in the external environment. The analysis of the results of the tests carried out demonstrates that the use of modified binders has a positive effect on the entire complex of physical and mechanical pa-rameters of polymer asphalt concrete.

Centrifuge modeling of large-diameter underground pipes subjected to heavy traffic loads

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Rakitin ◽  
Ming Xu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Cover ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Initial Stresses ◽  
Centrifuge Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Traffic Loading ◽  
Cover Depth ◽  
Traffic Loads

Large-diameter pipes, as well as heavy vehicles, have become increasingly prevalent, which imposes uncertainties on pipe design. This paper describes the procedure and results of a series of geotechnical centrifuge tests performed on a large 1400 mm diameter reinforced concrete pipe subjected to heavy traffic loading up to 850 kN. The influence of soil cover depth, as well as the positions and magnitude of traffic loads, on the bending moments of the pipe were investigated. The centrifuge test results were found to be in reasonable agreement with those from full-scale tests. The pipe would experience the most unfavorable conditions when the heaviest axle of the traffic vehicle was located directly above the pipe crown. A deeper soil cover would lead to higher initial stresses in the pipe, as well as reduced influence of traffic load. However, even for a soil cover depth of 4 m, there is significant bending moment induced by the heavy truck loading, which cannot be ignored during pipeline design. A comparison was made between the centrifuge test results and several widely adopted design methods, and unconservative calculation results were noticed for large-diameter rigid pipes lying at a shallow soil cover depth subjected to heavy traffic loading.

scholarly journals The Effect of Basalt Fiber on the Performance of Stone Mastic Asphalt

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Altan Cetin ◽  
Burak Evirgen ◽  
Asena Karslioglu ◽  
Ahmet Tuncan
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Type I ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt

Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is a mixture design against rutting caused by intensive and heavy traffic loads. While modified bitumen needs to be used in this mixture, the use of cellulosic fibers is essential to prevent the infiltration of bitumen during the carriage of mixture due to high bitumen content. In this study, the effects of basalt fiber on the performance of SMA mixtures is investigated as an alternative to cellulosic fiber admixtures in the prevention of draindown. Raw materials commonly used in Turkey were chosen as Type-I graded limestone aggregate and B50/70 asphalt cement, according to the General Directorate of Highways. In total, 109 specimens were prepared by a gyratory compactor according to the superpave design method. Sixty of these specimens were basalt fiber added samples with a ratio from 0.1 % to 0.8 % by dry weight aggregate. An addition of basalt fiber of 0.6 % at 25 °C seriously increases the resilient modulus and tensile strength of the samples. In addition, 0.4 % basalt fiber mixed samples shows that the greatest resistance against permanent deformation according to the results of static uniaxial creep test performed at 40 °C. Basalt fibers have no positive effect when a decrement of bitumen viscosity exceeds the bitumen softening point at the end of repeated uniaxial tests. On the other hand, bitumen draindown and water damage test results are within acceptable limits.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Stone Mastic Asphalt Containing Ceramic Waste Aggregate for Cooling Asphalt Pavement

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qibo Huang ◽  
Zhendong Qian ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Dong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Beam Test ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
Mastic Asphalt ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Stone Mastic Asphalt

Construction and demolition waste material is of great potential for use in pavement engineering. This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of ceramic waste aggregate (CA) used in cooling asphalt pavement through a series of test methods and simulation techniques. Stone mastic asphalt (SMA) containing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% coarse ceramic waste aggregate (CASMAs) was first designed using the Marshall method. Afterward, the road performance and thermal insulation performance of the five different CASMAs were assessed by a comprehensive lab test, including a wheel rutting test, moisture susceptibility test, bending beam test, fatigue beam test, and indoor thermal insulation test. Finally, a 2D finite-element (FE) model was developed to investigate the transient thermal field and rutting deformation response of the cooling asphalt pavement with CASMAs. Results show that CASMAs experienced degradation of rutting resistance, moisture susceptibility, and anti-cracking performance while still meeting technical requirements with CA content of up to 40%. On the other hand, CASMAs can cool the pavement’s temperature by 11.5 °C at the bottom of asphalt layers. The permanent rutting deformation of cooling asphalt pavement was 45.36% smaller than that of conventional asphalt pavement without CASMAs. Based on the test results and numerical simulation results, the optimum content of ceramic waste aggregate in stone mastic asphalt was recommended as 40%.

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