Age-Dependent Prevalence of Malaria in Akeddei Community in South-South Nigeria

Background: Malaria is highly endemic in Nigeria, making malaria morbidity and mortality a leading public health challenge. The most at risk population of malaria attack is under-five years’ children. However, malaria is presumptively treated in older age groups. This study aimed to determine the age-dependent prevalence of malaria amongst three age groups in a rural community in south-south Nigeria. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey comprising febrile and afebrile participants (n = 300) were randomly selected and included for the study. The study participants were grouped into three groups: under-five years old children (n = 100), older children of aged 6-15 years (n = 100) and 16 years and above (n = 100). Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and Giemsa-stained microscopy were used for malaria diagnosis and parasite detection. Clinical and demographic parameters as well as malaria prevalence were analyzed. The level of statistical significance was considered at ρ = 0.05 Results: Malaria prevalence in the under-five age group was 73% by RDTs and 49% by microscopy. For the 6–15 years, the prevalence of malaria was 60% and 43% by RDTs and microscopy respectively while RDTs accounted for 38% and microscopy 17% for the 16 years and above group. Conclusion: Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) administration to older children and adults should be based on parasitological confirmation of suspected cases with at least malaria RDTs to reduce drug pressure.

Download Full-text

Predictive markers of transmission in areas with different malaria endemicity in north-eastern Tanzania based on seroprevalence of antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum

10.21203/rs.3.rs-586890/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Robert Diotrephes Kaaya ◽

Debora C Kajeguka ◽

Johnson J Matowo ◽

Arnold J Ndaro ◽

Franklin W Mosha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasmodium Falciparum ◽

Scale Up ◽

Age Groups ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

African Countries ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Malaria Burden ◽

North Eastern ◽

Chi Squared

Abstract BackgroundDue to the scale-up of different interventions, Malaria burden declined significantly in many African countries between 2000 and 2015. As a result, some areas have become suitable for malaria elimination, and in such a situation, Due to the insensitivity of most commonly used methods, malaria transmission assessment is difficult. In north-eastern Tanzania, we tested for Plasmodium falciparum exposure by using serological markers.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in Bondo, Tanga and Hai, Kilimanjaro between June and December 2014. A total of 788 participants were enrolled and screened for malaria and IgG antibodies against PfAMA-1 and PfMSP-119 antigens using Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). Malaria parasites were detected using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The Mann–Whitney test was used to compare the Antibody levels between two independent groups (i.e. positive versus negative). The non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used for comparisons between more than two age groups. Pearson's Chi-squared (χ2) test was used to compare proportions.ResultsGenerally, malaria prevalence by PCR in two sites was 20.4% (161), with Bondo having a higher prevalence of 28.1% (n= 154) as compared to Hai 2.9%, (n= 7), χ2=64.64, p<0.01. Anti-PfAMA-1 and anti-PfMSP-119 antibody concentrations were higher in malaria positive than malaria negative individuals, Mann-Whitney U test, p=0.07 and p=0.003 respectively. Antibody response against PfAMA-1 was significantly different between the three age groups (Kruskal-Wallis test, p<0.001).ConclusionPlasmodium falciparum exposure immunological indicators have proven useful for explaining the dynamics of transmission, especially in low transmission environments like Hai.

Download Full-text

Factors associated with overweight in children living in the neighbourhoods of an urban area of Brazil

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980011002771 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1056-1064 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Elena de Carvalho Cremm ◽

Fernanda Helena Marrocos Leite ◽

Débora Silva Costa de Abreu ◽

Maria Aparecida de Oliveira ◽

Fernanda Baeza Scagliusi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

Active Transportation ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Older Children ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Socio Economic Status ◽

The City

AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate the individual and family determinants of being overweight among children younger than 10 years of age.DesignCross-sectional survey. Direct data on children's age, food intake, physical activity, type of transportation used and anthropometric measurements, as well as the education level of the mothers, were collected by trained interviewers.SettingPopulation-based study in the city of Santos, Brazil.SubjectsA total of 531 children under 10 years of age (302 aged <6 years, 229 aged ≥6 years), living in the city of Santos.ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight and obesity (BMI-for-age Z-score >1) was 35·4 % for children under 6 years and 38·9 % for children aged 6–10 years. The socio-economic status of the family was associated with being overweight for both age groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the lower the socio-economic status, the higher the likelihood of being overweight, among both younger children (OR = 7·73; P = 0·02) and older children (OR = 1·98; P = 0·04). The use of active transportation was associated with a lower likelihood of being overweight, but only among younger children (OR = 1·70; P = 0·05).ConclusionsSocio-economic status seems to be an important individual-level determinant of overweight in children. Public policies should consider promoting the use of active transportation, as the results showed it to have a positive effect on reducing overweight issues. The high prevalence of overweight in younger children suggests that this age group should be a priority in health-promoting interventions.

Download Full-text

Perception and Experience of Childhood Malaria Management among Mothers of Under-five Children in Osogbo Osun State, Nigeria

10.21203/rs.3.rs-889635/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph Nkemakolam Nwogu ◽

Chisaa Onyekachi Igbolekwu ◽

Esther Nwogu ◽

Ezebunwa E Nwokocha ◽

Arisukwu Chukwubueze Ogadimma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Belief ◽

Malaria Prevention ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Sampling Procedure ◽

Social Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Childhood Malaria

Abstract Malaria remains a major health challenge in Nigeria despite efforts at reducing its prevalence. Previous studies on malaria focused mainly on the biomedical aspects with little attention given to the social characteristics influencing malaria management among mothers as primary caregivers of under-five children. This study, therefore, investigated perception and experience of childhood malaria management among mothers of under-five children in Osogbo Metropolis classified in literature as area with high childhood malaria prevalence. The Health Belief Model was adopted as theoretical framework, while the cross-sectional survey research design was employed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study was conducted among selected mothers of under-five children using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Cochrane’s formula was used to determine the sample size of 561 respondents used. A structured questionnaire was administered on mothers to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics, perceptions and experience of childhood malaria. Twelve focus group discussions were conducted with mothers whose under-five children had malaria in the six weeks preceding the study. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square at 0.05 level of significance. Qualitative data were content analysed. The age the mothers was 41.00 ± 7.2years. About 98.0% of the mothers perceived malaria as treatable, 54.0% of mothers perceived fever as major symptom of malaria, 58.3% said mosquito bite was the cause of malaria, while 65.6% stated that Insecticide Treated Net was the most effective method of malaria prevention. There were significant associations between knowledge of malaria prevention and income (χ2 = 57.00), and between knowledge of consequences of malaria and education (X2 = 50.55). Misconceptions still surround perception of malaria management among mothers of under-five children. More enlightenment efforts are needed to dispel fallacies mitigating against malaria management.

Download Full-text

The Prevalence and Economic Impact of Bovine Fasciolosis in Mekelle Municipal Abattoir

Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research ◽

10.23880/oajvsr-16000120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Ashenafi K

Keyword(s):

Economic Impact ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Age Groups ◽

Bovine Liver ◽

Economic Loss ◽

Liver Lesion ◽

The Body ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

A cross sectional survey was conducted at Mekelle Municipal abattoir in Tigray region, northern Ethiopia, from November 2007, to April 2008 to determine the prevalence of bovine fasciolosis and to assess its economic impact. A total of 668 bovine liver wer e examined in the abattoir and267 (39.97 %) were found to be affected by fasciolosis. Out of the total positives 211 (79%) and 56(21%) were adult and young cattle respectively, no statistical significance difference between age groups (p>0.05). Study shown 182 (68.1%) and 85 (31.8%) were positive from high land and low land respectively. Based on the body condition animals having body score 1, 2 and 3 were found 10.4%, 79.4% and 15.9% positive respectively. F. hepatica, F. gigantic species recovered from in fected livers were 62.1%, 13% and 11%, mixed infection and 13.1% immature fluke. In the present study, no direct relationship between fluke count and magnitude of liver lesion in moderately affected liver. The magnitude of livers affected by fasciolosis is 96 (35.8%), 112(42.2 %) and 59 (22%) light, moderate and severe lesion respectively. From the total feacal samples of cattle examined 50 (7.4 %) were found egg positive that of 267 (39. 9%) post mort empositive. The economic loss due to fasciolosis was su mmarized as 122, 414.47 Ethiopian Birr during the study period and 183.25 per head of the animal. This is obviously great economic loss. In the study area bovine fasciolosis significantly prevalent parasitic disease affecting the health, productivity of an imals and has economic impact.

Download Full-text

A Cross Sectional Survey of Chicken Astroviruses Antibody in Broiler and Sonali (Cross-Bred) Chickens in Selected Areas in Bangladesh

Macedonian Veterinary Review ◽

10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0016 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 75-80

Author(s):

Md Zulfekar Ali ◽

Mohammad Moktader Moula ◽

Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan ◽

Muhammad Tariq Javed

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Winter Season ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Elisa Kit ◽

Published Report ◽

Poultry Birds ◽

Wide Range ◽

Group B

AbstractChicken astroviruses (CAstV) are enteric viruses of poultry causing gastroenteritis, malabsorption, gout and white chick disease commonly known as runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). It can affect the wide range of poultry birds, especially chicken, turkey and duck worldwide. To our best knowledge there is no published report on presence of antibodies against CAstV in Bangladesh. Therefore, the study aimed to detect the presence of CAstV antibodies in broilers and sonali chickens (a cross-bread) in Bangladesh through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 454 blood samples from 66 flocks of broiler (n=343) and sonali chickens (n=111) of different ages were obtained during 2017 from four districts. The birds were healthy but were not vaccinated against CAstV. The samples were tested for specific antibodies against CAstV Group B by using commercially available ELISA kit. Overall, 16.74% (76/454) samples and 34.84% (23/66) flocks were positive for CAstV antibodies. The seroprevalence of CAstV was significantly (p=0.001) higher in sonali chickens (36.96%) than broiler (10.20%), while it was significantly higher (p=0.001) in birds of Bogura district (36.94%) than the other three districts. Regarding the age groups, seroprevalence was insignificantly (p=0.192) higher in sonali chicken before laying age (45%) than during laying age (27.45%). Regarding the seasons, CAstV infection was prevalent significantly (p=0.001) higher in winter season. Thus, the present study indicated the presence of CAstV in poultry in Bangladesh, so further studies are required to find out the magnitude of the problem in the country.

Download Full-text

The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16825 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chanda Chalela

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Malaria Patient ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Itn Use ◽

Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

Download Full-text

Association between Social Media Use for Health Purpose and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hee Yun Lee ◽

Yan Luo ◽

Cho Rong Won ◽

Jiyoung Lee ◽

Jeongwon Baik

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Use Of Social Media ◽

The Relationship ◽

Health Purpose

BACKGROUND The use of social media or social networking sites (SNS) is increasing across all age groups, and one of the primary motives of using SNS is to seek health-related information. Although previous research examining the effect of SNS use on depression exist, studies regarding the effect of SNS use for health purpose on depression is limited. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the relationship between SNS use for health purpose and depression across the four age groups (18-34 years old, 35-49 years old, 50-64 years old, and above 65 years old). METHODS A sample of 6,789 adults aged 18 and older was extracted from a 2017 and 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Univariate and bivariate analyses to examine the association between each variable and four age groups were conducted. Multiple linear regression analyses to predict depression level among participants with use of SNS for health purpose were conducted. RESULTS SNS use for health purpose and depression were positively associated for three age groups but not for those 65 years or older (=0.13, P<0.05; =0.08, P<0.05; =0.09, P<0.05). Income and self-reported health status indicated an inverse relationship for all age groups. The relationship with marital status differed based on age group with 18 and 34 years old showing an inverse relationship (=-0.13, P<0.01) while 65 years or older showing a positive relationship (=0.06, P<0.05). Gender was positively associated among those in the 35-49 years old (=0.09, P<0.05) and 65 years or older (=0.07, P<0.05). Being Non-Hispanic White was positively associated with depression among 50-64 years old (=0.07, P<0.001) and 65 years or older (=0.08, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Age-tailored education on determining accurate and reliable information shared via SNS is needed to reduce depressive symptoms.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and risk factors of worry among teachers during the COVID-19 epidemic in Henan, China: a cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045386 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. e045386

Author(s):

Yanqing Wang ◽

Quanman Li ◽

Clifford Silver Tarimo ◽

Cuiping Wu ◽

Yudong Miao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Educational Status ◽

Henan Province ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Location ◽

Fear Level ◽

Attention Level

ObjectiveTo evaluate the level of worry and its influencing factors during the COVID-19 epidemic among teachers in Henan Province in China.Study designA cross-sectional study was conducted.MethodsWe designed a cross-sectional survey that included 88 611 teachers from three cities in Henan Province, China between 4 February 2020 and 12 February 2020. Level of worry was measured using a five-item Likert scale, with 1 being ‘not worried’ and 5 being ‘very worried’. The OR and 95% CI of potential influencing factors for level of worry among study participants were estimated using ordinal logistic regression models.ResultsAbout 59% of teachers reported being ‘very worried’ about the COVID-19 epidemic. The proportion of female teachers was higher than of male teachers (60.33% vs 52.89%). In all age groups considered in this study, a ‘very worried’ condition accounted for the highest proportion. The age group 40–49 years had the lowest proportion of participants who were very worried, 52.34% of whom were men and 58.62% were women. After controlling for potential confounding factors, age, education level, type of teacher, school location, attention level, fear level, anxiety level and behaviour status were all related to level of worry (all p<0.05).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, there was a high proportion of teachers who were ‘very worried’ about the situation in Henan Province, China. Our study may remind policymakers to consider factors including age, educational status, type of teacher, school location, source of information on COVID-19, attention level, anxiety level, fear level and behaviour status to alleviate worry.

Download Full-text

Analyzing Predictors of Control Measures and Psychosocial Problems Associated with COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Eight Countries

Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.3390/bs11080106 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Sheikh Saifur Rahman Jony ◽

Ubydul Haque ◽

Nathaniel J. Webb ◽

Emily Spence ◽

Md. Siddikur Rahman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychological Health ◽

Age Groups ◽

Psychosocial Problems ◽

Relevant Information ◽

The United States ◽

Control Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Primary Determinant

COVID-19 has harshly impacted communities globally. This study provides relevant information for creating equitable policy interventions to combat the spread of COVID-19. This study aims to predict the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the COVID-19 pandemic at a global level to determine control measures and psychosocial problems. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to October 2020 using an online questionnaire. Questionnaires were initially distributed to academicians worldwide. These participants distributed the survey among their social, professional, and personal groups. Responses were collected and analyzed from 67 countries, with a sample size of 3031. Finally, based on the number of respondents, eight countries, including Bangladesh, China, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, the United States, and Zambia were rigorously analyzed. Specifically, questionnaire responses related to COVID-19 accessibility, behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility were collected and analyzed. As per our analysis, age groups were found to be a primary determinant of behavior, knowledge, opinion, psychological health, and susceptibility scores. Gender was the second most influential determinant for all metrics except information about COVID-19 accessibility, for which education was the second most important determinant. Respondent profession was the third most important metric for all scores. Our findings suggest that greater encouragement from government health authorities and the promotion of health education and policies are essential in the dissemination of COVID-19-awareness and increased control of the spread of COVID-19.

Download Full-text

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Related to Malaria Diagnosis among Healthcare Workers in Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2019/1414079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui ◽

Manas Kotepui ◽

Chuchard Punsawad

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Malaria Diagnosis ◽

Medical Emergency ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Malaria is a potential medical emergency and should be treated immediately because delays in diagnosis and treatment are the leading causes of death in many countries. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to malaria diagnosis for early detection among healthcare workers in the laboratories of hospitals in Thailand. The design of the study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between January 2016 and March 2017 at 11 hospitals in Thailand. The interviewees included any scientists who were currently working in a medical laboratory. Mean scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice for each healthcare group were calculated and compared between groups. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 11.5 software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Among a total of 118 healthcare workers, most of the healthcare workers had fair to good knowledge, attitude, and practice related to malaria detection. Among the various positions of healthcare workers, medical technologists possessed a greater knowledge on malaria detection than medical technician assistants or laboratory assistants (X2 = 9.822, d.f. = 2, and P value=0.007). This study infers that knowledge, attitude, and practice related to malaria detection among healthcare workers in laboratories were adequate. However, some points of knowledge and practice must be updated. There is a very urgent need to update knowledge on malaria, especially about the number of Plasmodium species causing relapse in malaria patients. In addition, there is an urgent need to update the practice related to malaria detection, especially about the staining process for early detection of malaria.

Download Full-text