Evaluation of Peanut Shell, Bentonite Clay and its Composites in the Removal of Dye (Malachite Green) from Industrial Wastewater

Curtailing the effects of environmental pollution being a major problem encountered by third-world countries, this study was embarked on to reduce the effect of land and water pollution caused by improper disposal of dye used by industries by using readily available agricultural waste like peanut Shell, bentonite clay and its composite. Analysis that was used included Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Electron dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) Some physical parameters were considered too: Absorbent load, Contact time, pH and Concentration. The results from the SEM, EDX and FTIR showed the adsorptive capacities of the absorbents, it’s functional and the compounds contained. The result of the physical parameters for adsorbent load; Peanut shell the percentage removal increase from 26.93%-28.0% .For bentonite clay increase from 7.05%-8.24%. The combination of both peanut shell and bentonite increased from 93.22%-95.40%. For the contact time the dye removal percentage increase from 99.13%-99.37% which later decreased to 98.16%.Bentonite clay decreased from 71.09%-69.53% and later increased to 70.13%. The combination decreased from 52.33%-51.29% and increased to 52.60%bbut decreased at the last lap to 50.83% At 60-80minutes optimal time was achieved due to saturation of active sites for high removal of dye efficiency. pH was observed too which varied. Peanut shell shows that the percentage removal increased from 61.89%-62.37% then decreased to 60.87%.Bentonite clay decreased from completely from 99.72%-97.58%. The combination decreased from 32.14%-31.94% then increased to 33.54%.We can say that for the peanut shell and the combination of both peanut shell and bentonite clay pH was increased slightly at the acidic side.

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Optimized Sorption of Methyl Orange using Functionalized Carob Plant Pod

Journal of Chemical Society of Nigeria ◽

10.46602/jcsn.v45i6.550 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

Author(s):

K. A. ABDULSALAM ◽

B. H. Amodu ◽

O. K. Fakorede ◽

J. M. Adelowo ◽

A. P. Onifade ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Adsorption Process ◽

Dye Adsorption ◽

Operational Parameters ◽

Colour Removal ◽

Adsorbent Dosage ◽

Percentage Removal ◽

Central Composite ◽

Maximum Decolorization

One of the most problematic groups of water pollutants is dye, a main constituent of textile industrial wastewater, which is carcinogenic. Therefore, this research delved into adsorption of dyes from textiles and wastewater using acid-treated as an adsorbent. The adsorbent was prepared by functionalizing the pod of carob with concentrated H3PO4. The effects of operational parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration of dye and temperature were studied and optimized using central composite design of design of experiment (DOE). The effects of process parameters (contact time, concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature) on the dye adsorption were determined and optimized. It was observed that the colour removal efficiency increased with an increase in adsorbent mass and contact time. The adsorption process is endothermic as the percentage removal increases with temperature. The optimum contact time, concentration, adsorbent dosage and temperature were found to be 60oC, 9.74hr, 10ppm, and 5g respectively for the maximum decolorization.

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Adsorption of methyl blue with activated carbon derived from peanut shell

10.31224/osf.io/5xust ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Amit Nilabh

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Contact Time ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Chemical Activation ◽

Methyl Blue ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Adsorption Data ◽

Adsorbent Dose

In this study we synthesized activated carbon (AC) sourced from peanut shell, an agricultural waste, for the adsorption of methyl blue from its aqueous solution. AC was produced via chemical activation method and was characterized using various tools like XRD, FESEM and Raman spectroscopy. Adsorption experiments were carried in different batches with varying initial concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, pH and temperature. The optimized parameters for adsorption were found to be that of initial dye concentration of 150 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 120 mg/L, temperature equals to 50C, contact time of 50 minutes and pH equals to 8. Adsorption data were used to figure out isotherm models, kinetics as well as thermodynamics of the process. It was concluded that maximum adsorption capacity is coming to be 714.28 mg/g, and the adsorption is favoring the Tempkin isotherm model. Also it was observed that the process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature.

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Removal of Cd(II) from industrial wastewater using locally available Bentonite Clay

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201911700008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 117 ◽

pp. 00008

Author(s):

Alanoud Al Sheikh ◽

Sultan Alsagabi ◽

Mohammed Almeataq ◽

Turki Alajyan ◽

Souraya Goumri-Said

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Contact Time ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Bentonite Clay ◽

Adsorptive Capacity ◽

Natural Material ◽

Toxic Heavy Metals ◽

The World ◽

Living Organisms

Water resources are increasingly polluted by toxic heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd). Cd is particularly dangerous because it accumulates in living organisms leading to diseases affecting the kidneys, bones and lungs. As a result, researchers have been developing effective techniques to remove harmful heavy metals. Currently, purification techniques in Saudi Arabia and other parts of the world are inefficient and costly; thus, the development of a cheap, readily available, and natural material for the removal of Cd is of great interest. This work highlights the adsorptive potential of local Saudi bentonite clay extracted from Khulais region in western Saudi Arabia in the removal of toxic Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. We successfully synthesized bentonite clay beads that can be inserted in columns for filtering purposes. The effects of contact time, bentonite mass, PH, temperature, bentonite treatment (washing and calcinations), and the adsorptive potential of bentonite were evaluated. The results show excellent adsorptive capacity of bentonite.

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Use of agro-waste (Musa paradisiaca peels) as a sustainable biosorbent for toxic metal ions removal from contaminated water

10.31221/osf.io/yrpvn ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Equilibrium Concentration ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Contaminated Water ◽

Musa Paradisiaca ◽

Percentage Removal ◽

Adsorbent Dose

A study of removal of heavy metal ions from heavy metal contaminated water using agro-waste was carried out with Musa paradisiaca peels as test adsorbent. The study was carried by adding known quantities of lead (II) ions and cadmium (II) ions each and respectively into specific volume of water and adding specific dose of the test adsorbent into the heavy metal ion solution, and the mixture was agitated for a specific period of time and then the concentration of the metal ion remaining in the solution was determined with Perkin Elmer Atomic absorption spectrophotometer model 2380. The effect of contact time, initial adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature were considered. From the effect of contact time results equilibrium concentration was established at 60minutes. The percentage removal of these metal ions studied, were all above 90%. Adsorption and percentage removal of Pb2+ and Cd2+ from their aqueous solutions were affected by change in initial metal ion concentration, adsorbent dose pH and temperature. Adsorption isotherm studies confirmed the adsorption of the metal ions on the test adsorbent with good mathematical fits into Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Regression correlation (R2) values of the isotherm plots are all positive (>0.9), which suggests too, that the adsorption fitted into the isotherms considered.

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Pengaruh Perlakukan Alkali terhadap Sifat Fisik, dan Mekanik Serat Kulit Buah Pinang

Jurnal Energi Dan Manufaktur ◽

10.24843/jem.2018.v11.i01.p02 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Cokorda putri Kusuma kencanawati ◽

I Ketut Gede Sugita ◽

NPG Suardana ◽

I Wayan Budiasa Suyasa

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

Fiber Density ◽

Areca Catechu ◽

Wax Content

Makalah ini menganalisis pengaruh perlakukan alkali dan tanpa perlakukan alkali terhadap karakateristik fisik, morfologi dan sifat mekanik serat kulit buah pinang (areca Catechu L.). Selama ini pemanfaatan limbah pertanian belum dilakukan secara maksimal, sehingga dapat menimbulkan pencemaran terhadap lingkungan. Serat kulit buah pinang (Areca Husk Fiber/AHF) selama ini hanya dipergunakan sebagai bahan bakar biomassa dan media tanam sedangkan untuk pemanfaatan lain belum ada sama sekali. AHF diberi perlakukan NaOH 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% dengan waktu perendaman 2 jam pada temperatur kamar, untuk mengetahui karakteristik fisik AHF maka dilakukan pengukuran panjang dan diameter serat, pengujian densitas, pengujian kadar air dan moisture sedangkan untuk mengetahui karakteristik mekanik dilakukan pengujian tarik serat tunggal sesuai dengan ASTM D 3379. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa diameter AHF mengalami pengurangan diameter akibat perlakukan alkali, hal ini terkait dengan hilangnya kandungan lignin, pektin dan wax. Densitas AHF menurun dengan meningkatan prosentase NaOH bila dibandingkan dengan AHF tanpa perlakukan NaOH. Kekuatan tarik bervariasi dengan adanya perlakuan alkali. Kekuatan tarik AHF tertinggi pada serat yang mengalami perlakukan NaOH 5% yaitu sebesar 165 Mpa dan kekuatan tarik terendah pada AHF dengan perlakuan Alkali 10% yaitu sebesar 137 MPa . This paper analyzes the effect of alkali and non-alkali treatments on the physical characteristics, morphology and mechanical properties of betel nut huks fiber (areca Catechu L.). the used of agricultural waste has not been done optimally, causing environmental pollution. Areca Husk Fiber (AHF) only used as biomass fuel and planting medium, while for the other uses it has not existed. AHF was given 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% NaOH treatment with 2 hours immersion at room temperature, to known the physical characteristics of AHF then measured the length and diameter of fiber, density test, water content and moisture test. Mechanical characteristics of single fiber tensile testing in accordance with ASTM D 3379. From this study that known the diameter of AHF has a reduction in diameter due to alkaline treatment, this is related to loss of lignin, pectin and wax content. The density of AHF decreases with the percentage increase of NaOH when compared with AHF without the treatment of NaOH. Tensile strength varies with alkaline treatment. The highest AHF tensile strength in treated fibers was 5% NaOH of 165 Mpa and lowest tensile strength in AHF with 10% Alkali treatment of 137 MPa.

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Batch Sorption Experiments: Langmuir and Freundlich Isotherm Studies for the Adsorption of Textile Metal Ions onto Teff Straw (Eragrostis tef) Agricultural Waste

Journal of Thermodynamics ◽

10.1155/2013/375830 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 147

Author(s):

Mulu Berhe Desta

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Contact Time ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Low Cost ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Equilibrium Concentration ◽

Eragrostis Tef ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

Textile Effluents

Adsorption of heavy metals (Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cu) onto Activated Teff Straw (ATS) has been studied using batch-adsorption techniques. This study was carried out to examine the adsorption capacity of the low-cost adsorbent ATS for the removal of heavy metals from textile effluents. The influence of contact time, pH, Temperature, and adsorbent dose on the adsorption process was also studied. Results revealed that adsorption rate initially increased rapidly, and the optimal removal efficiency was reached within about 1 hour. Further increase in contact time did not show significant change in equilibrium concentration; that is, the adsorption phase reached equilibrium. The adsorption isotherms could be fitted well by the Langmuir model. The value in the present investigation was less than one, indicating that the adsorption of the metal ion onto ATS is favorable. After treatment with ATS the levels of heavy metals were observed to decrease by 88% (Ni), 82.9% (Cd), 81.5% (Cu), 74.5% (Cr), and 68.9% (Pb). Results indicate that the freely abundant, locally available, low-cost adsorbent, Teff straw can be treated as economically viable for the removal of metal ions from textile effluents.

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Removal of Zinc ions from industrial wastewater with wool fibers

Baghdad Science Journal ◽

10.21123/bsj.7.3.1193-1201 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1193-1201

Author(s):

Baghdad Science Journal

Keyword(s):

Acid Concentration ◽

Contact Time ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Low Cost ◽

Zinc Ion ◽

Ion Concentration ◽

Natural Material ◽

Zinc Ions ◽

Wool Fibers

In this research, the efficiency of low-cost unmodified wool fibers were used to remove zinc ion from industrial wastewater. Removal of zinc ion was achieved at 99.52% by using simple wool column. The experiment was carried out under varying conditions of (2h) contact time, metal ion concentration (50mg/l), wool fibers quantity to treated water (70g/l), pH(7) & acid concentration (0.05M). The aim of this method is to use a high sensitive, available & cheep natural material which applied successfully for industrial wastewater& synthetic water, where zinc ion concentration was reduced from (14.6mg/l) to (0.07mg/l) & consequently the hazardous effect of contamination was minimized.

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Natural Fillers as Potential Modifying Agents for Epoxy Composition: A Review

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym14020265 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 265

Author(s):

Natalia Sienkiewicz ◽

Midhun Dominic ◽

Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai

Keyword(s):

Epoxy Resins ◽

Low Cost ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Thermomechanical Properties ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Synthetic Fiber ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Epoxy Composition ◽

Natural Fillers

Epoxy resins as important organic matrices, thanks to their chemical structure and the possibility of modification, have unique properties, which contribute to the fact that these materials have been used in many composite industries for many years. Epoxy resins are repeatedly used in exacting applications due to their exquisite mechanical properties, thermal stability, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance. Moreover, epoxy materials also have really strong resistance to solvents, chemical attacks, and climatic aging. The presented features confirm the fact that there is a constant interest of scientists in the modification of resins and understanding its mechanisms, as well as in the development of these materials to obtain systems with the required properties. Most of the recent studies in the literature are focused on green fillers such as post-agricultural waste powder (cashew nuts powder, coconut shell powder, rice husks, date seed), grass fiber (bamboo fibers), bast/leaf fiber (hemp fibers, banana bark fibers, pineapple leaf), and other natural fibers (waste tea fibers, palm ash) as reinforcement for epoxy resins rather than traditional non-biodegradable fillers due to their sustainability, low cost, wide availability, and the use of waste, which is environmentally friendly. Furthermore, the advantages of natural fillers over traditional fillers are acceptable specific strength and modulus, lightweight, and good biodegradability, which is very desirable nowadays. Therefore, the development and progress of “green products” based on epoxy resin and natural fillers as reinforcements have been increasing. Many uses of natural plant-derived fillers include many plant wastes, such as banana bark, coconut shell, and waste peanut shell, can be found in the literature. Partially biodegradable polymers obtained by using natural fillers and epoxy polymers can successfully reduce the undesirable epoxy and synthetic fiber waste. Additionally, partially biopolymers based on epoxy resins, which will be presented in the paper, are more useful than commercial polymers due to the low cost and improved good thermomechanical properties.

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Cr VI Removal by Using Agricultural Waste (Modified Canola Meal & Crude Canola Meal) from Aqueous Solutions: Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamic Study

South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.38150/sajeb.6(2).p45-50 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 45-50

Author(s):

Moradi Roya ◽

Roya Nezakati Esmailzadeh ◽

Tahmineh Taheri ◽

Elham Ramezanali ◽

Azam Mehdipour

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Final Concentration ◽

Canola Meal ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Waste Waters ◽

Effective Parameters ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Effi Ciency

Metal Cr and CrIII components usually are not harmful but CrVI is poisonous in case it is swallowed. Half of a tea spoon of Cr VI is fatal. Plating industry and waste waters polluted with CrVI are considered as one of the most im-portant sources of its exposal and emission. Today Bio- absorbents are sub-jects of studies to resolve the above issues. This paper is to study kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic analysis of Cr adsorption via applying canola meal. Effective parameters in adsorption such as: pH, contact time, adsor-bent dose, temperature and initial concentration of CrVI metal are consid-ered as independent variables and final concentration of Cr VI is considered as dependent variable. Changing one variable while keeping other variables constant is a basic principle in every experiment. The best adsorption effi-ciency of crude canola was obtained in pH 7 and for canola modified with CTAB in pH 2. The optimum dose of adsorbent for both crude and modified canola was equal to 0.150g/L. also the best contact time was 60 minutes. Maximum adsorption obtained in 12.5 mg/lit CrVI concentration and in 60°c. With respect to capacity of Cr VI adsorption in canola meal it can be applied to remove the CrVI and similar pollutants from water and waste water.

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Treatment of Landfill Leachate Using Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8050601 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 601 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tawfiq J. H. Banch ◽

Marlia M. Hanafiah ◽

Salem S. Abu Amr ◽

Abbas F. M. Alkarkhi ◽

Mohammed Hasan

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Low Cost ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Palm Oil Mill Effluent ◽

Treatment Efficiency ◽

Aeration Time ◽

Urban Solid Waste ◽

Palm Oil Mill

Sanitary landfilling is the most common method of removing urban solid waste in developing countries. Landfills contain high levels of organic materials, ammonia, and heavy metals, thereby producing leachate which causes a possible future pollution of ground and surface water. Recently, agricultural waste was considered a co-substratum to promote the biodegradation of organics in industrial wastewater. The use of low-cost and natural materials for wastewater treatment is now being considered by many researchers. In this study, palm oil mill effluent (POME) was used for treating stabilized leachate from old landfill. A set of preliminary experiments using different POME/leachate ratios and aeration times was performed to identify the setting of experimental design and optimize the effect of employing POME on four responses: chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), color, and ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N). The treatment efficiency was evaluated based on the removal of four selected (responses) parameters. The optimum removal efficiency for COD, TSS, color, and NH3-N was 87.15%, 65.54%, 52.78%, and 91.75%, respectively, using a POME/leachate mixing ratio of 188.32 mL/811.68 mL and 21 days of aeration time. The results demonstrate that POME-based agricultural waste can be effectively employed for organic removal from leachate.

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