Characterizing Variable Memory Property of the Smoking Habit Model

Low Birth Weight (LBW) is an infant born with a birth weight of less than 2500 grams regardless of gestation. Birth weight is the weight of the baby weighed in 1 hour after birth. (Depkes RI, 2009). Based on WHO and UNICEF data, in 2013 about 222 million babies were born in the world, of which 16% were born with low birth weight. The percentage of LBW in developing countries is 16.5% twice that of developed countries (7%) (Scholar Unand, 2014). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between anemia and Smoking Habit in Pregnant Women with LBW occurrence in General Hospital Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Year 2016. This research use analytical survey method with cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all mothers who gave birth monthly in Midwifery Installation of Dr. General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang in 2016 as many as 315 respondents. The sample of this research is some of mothers who give birth enough month in Midwifery Installation of Dr. General Hospital Mohammad Hoesin Palembang Year 2016 as many as 315 respondents. ". From the results of bivariate analysis of anemic respondents with the occurrence of LBW obtained statistical test X2 count = 23.22 which means there is a significant relationship between anemia with the incidence of BBLR. Respondents smoking with the occurrence of LBWR obtained statistical test X2 count = 41.20 which means there is a relationship Meaningful between smoking and LBW incidence. From the results of this study is expected that this research can be a reference material and is a complete information and useful for the development of knowledge about LBW.

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Sex Differences in Smoking Habit by Educational and Marital Status in a Representative Japanese Population: the NIPPON DATA2010.

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyv096.272 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽

pp. i182-i182

Author(s):

N. Nishi ◽

N. Okuda ◽

T. Hayakawa ◽

A. Fujiyoshi ◽

A. Kadota ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Marital Status ◽

Japanese Population ◽

Smoking Habit

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Prediction of Spontaneous Preterm Delivery in Twin Pregnancies By Cervical Length at Mid-Gestation

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.11.5.552 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 552-557 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Katharina Klein ◽

Hubertus Gregor ◽

Kora Hirtenlehner-Ferber ◽

Maria Stammler-Safar ◽

Armin Witt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preterm Delivery ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Cervical Length ◽

Spontaneous Preterm Delivery ◽

Spontaneous Labour ◽

High Incidence ◽

High Cervical ◽

Twin Pregnancies ◽

Preterm Rupture Of Membranes ◽

Spontaneous Delivery

AbstractThe objective of our study was to evaluate the correlation of the cervical length at 20–25 weeks of gestation with the incidence of spontaneous preterm delivery in twins in a country with a high incidence of preterm delivery compared to other European countries. Cervical length was measured in 262 consecutive patients. Previous preterm delivery before 34 weeks of gestation, chorionicity, maternal age, body-mass-index, smoking habit and parity were recorded as risk factors for preterm delivery. Women who were symptomatic at 20–25 weeks and who delivered because of other reasons than spontaneous labour and preterm rupture of membranes or at term were excluded. The primary outcome was incidence of preterm birth before 34 weeks. Two hundred and twenty-three patients were analyzed. Thirty-two (14%) delivered before 34 weeks. There was a significant correlation between cervical length of less than 25 mm and spontaneous delivery before 34 weeks (50% vs. 13%,p= .007). In addition, logistic regression analysis found cervical length to be the only significant predictor of spontaneous delivery before 34 weeks (OR 1.084; 95% CI 1.015; 1.159;p= .017). We conclude that the risk of severe preterm delivery in twins is high. Cervical length at mid-gestation was the only predictor of delivery before 34 weeks.

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The Impact of Ambient Atmospheric Mineral-Dust Particles on the Calcification of Lungs

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min11020125 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Mariola Jabłońska ◽

Janusz Janeczek ◽

Beata Smieja-Król

Keyword(s):

Mineral Dust ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Lower Lobe ◽

Ambient Air ◽

Dust Particles ◽

Masking Effect ◽

Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽

Calcium Salts ◽

The Impact ◽

First Time

For the first time, it is shown that inhaled ambient air-dust particles settled in the human lower respiratory tract induce lung calcification. Chemical and mineral compositions of pulmonary calcium precipitates in the lung right lower-lobe (RLL) tissues of 12 individuals who lived in the Upper Silesia conurbation in Poland and who had died from causes not related to a lung disorder were determined by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Whereas calcium salts in lungs are usually reported as phosphates, calcium salts precipitated in the studied RLL tissue were almost exclusively carbonates, specifically Mg-calcite and calcite. These constituted 37% of the 1652 mineral particles examined. Mg-calcite predominated in the submicrometer size range, with a MgCO3 content up to 50 mol %. Magnesium plays a significant role in lung mineralization, a fact so far overlooked. The calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) content in the studied RLL tissue was negligible. The predominance of carbonates is explained by the increased CO2 fugacity in the RLL. Carbonates enveloped inhaled mineral-dust particles, including uranium-bearing oxides, quartz, aluminosilicates, and metal sulfides. Three possible pathways for the carbonates precipitation on the dust particles are postulated: (1) precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), followed by its transformation to calcite; (2) precipitation of Mg-ACC, followed by its transformation to Mg-calcite; (3) precipitation of Mg-free ACC, causing a localized relative enrichment in Mg ions and subsequent heterogeneous nucleation and crystal growth of Mg-calcite. The actual number of inhaled dust particles may be significantly greater than was observed because of the masking effect of the carbonate coatings. There is no simple correlation between smoking habit and lung calcification.

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Interaction of tobacco chewing and smoking habit with interleukin 6 promoter polymorphism in oral precancerous lesions and oral cancer

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology ◽

10.1007/s00405-021-06620-z ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yadvendra Shahi ◽

Sayali Mukherjee ◽

Fahad M. Samadi

Keyword(s):

Oral Cancer ◽

Interleukin 6 ◽

Precancerous Lesions ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Promoter Polymorphism ◽

Oral Precancerous Lesions ◽

Tobacco Chewing

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Indonesian adolescents’ perspectives on smoking habits: a qualitative study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-10090-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Fithria Fithria ◽

Muhammad Adlim ◽

Syarifah Rauzatul Jannah ◽

Teuku Tahlil

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Study ◽

Junior High School ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Prevention Programs ◽

Smoking Prevention ◽

Smoking Habits ◽

Related Factors ◽

Effective Prevention

Abstract Background The prevalence of smoking among adolescents is high in Indonesia. Therefore, this qualitative research aimed to explore the perspectives of Muslim adolescents on smoking habits as a reference for developing effective prevention programs. Methods Three focus group discussions involving 24 junior high school male students (mean age = 13.75 years) were the main source of data for this phenomenological qualitative study. The discussion guide was developed by the researchers based on the reviewed literature and validated by experts. The research findings were analyzed using an inductive content analysis with systematic steps based on the stages of qualitative data analysis. Results Adolescent perspectives on smoking were grouped into two themes: perception of smoking and smoking-related factors. The perception of smoking encompassed three sub-themes: smoking as a social habit, contradictive feelings, and the Islamic perspective. The smoking-related factors included peer pressure, the parents’ smoking status, masculinity and curiosity. The results indicated that adolescents consider smoking as a social habit but with contradictory feelings. The smoking habit was also stimulated by peer pressure, imitating parents who smoke, feeling masculine and curiosity. Conclusion We suggest that health professionals who are interested in developing smoking prevention programs in Indonesia should consider the adolescent perspective on smoking so that the prevention program will be more effective and appropriate for adolescents.

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Understanding the complexity of socioeconomic disparities in smoking prevalence in Sweden: a cross-sectional study applying intersectionality theory

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042323 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e042323

Author(s):

Sten Axelsson Fisk ◽

Martin Lindström ◽

Raquel Perez-Vicente ◽

Juan Merlo

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Smoking Prevalence ◽

Health Management ◽

Educational Achievement ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Household Composition ◽

Socioeconomic Disparities ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intersectionality Theory ◽

Discriminatory Accuracy

ObjectivesSocioeconomic disparities in smoking prevalence remain a challenge to public health. The objective of this study was to present a simple methodology that displays intersectional patterns of smoking and quantify heterogeneities within groups to avoid inappropriate and potentially stigmatising conclusions exclusively based on group averages.SettingThis is a cross-sectional observational study based on data from the National Health Surveys for Sweden (2004–2016 and 2018) including 136 301 individuals. We excluded people under 30 years of age, or missing information on education, household composition or smoking habits. The final sample consisted on 110 044 individuals or 80.7% of the original sample.OutcomeApplying intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (AIHDA), we investigated the risk of self-reported smoking across 72 intersectional strata defined by age, gender, educational achievement, migration status and household composition.ResultsThe distribution of smoking habit risk in the population was very heterogeneous. For instance, immigrant men aged 30–44 with low educational achievement that lived alone had a prevalence of smoking of 54% (95% CI 44% to 64%), around nine times higher than native women aged 65–84 with high educational achievement and living with other(s) that had a prevalence of 6% (95% CI 5% to 7%). The discriminatory accuracy of the information was moderate.ConclusionA more detailed, intersectional mapping of the socioeconomic and demographic disparities of smoking can assist in public health management aiming to eliminate this unhealthy habit from the community. Intersectionality theory together with AIHDA provides information that can guide resource allocation according to the concept proportionate universalism.

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Abatacept in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease: short-term outcomes and predictors of progression

Clinical Rheumatology ◽

10.1007/s10067-021-05854-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marika Tardella ◽

Marco Di Carlo ◽

Marina Carotti ◽

Andrea Giovagnoni ◽

Fausto Salaffi

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Interstitial Lung Disease ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Multivariate Regression ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Concomitant Treatment ◽

Current Smoking ◽

Modifiable Factors ◽

Aba Response

Abstract Introduction Interstitial lung disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD) is an extra-articular involvement that impairs the prognosis and for which there is still no well-coded treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate abatacept (ABA) effectiveness and safety in patients with RA-ILD. Methods RA-ILD patients who started ABA treatment were consecutively enrolled. Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), clinical, laboratory and respiratory function variables were collected at baseline and after 18 months of ABA treatment. HRCT abnormalities were evaluated using a computer-aided method (CaM). ABA response was established based on the change in the percentage of fibrosis evaluated at HRCT-CaM, dividing patients into “worsened” (progression ≥ 15%), “improved” (reduction ≥ 15%), and “stable” (changes within the 15% range). The multivariate regression model was used to assess the associations between RA characteristics and ABA response. Results Forty-four patients (81% women, mean age 59.1 ± 8.0, mean disease duration of 7.5 ± 3.1 years) were studied. Five patients (11.4%) showed RA-ILD progression, 32 patients (72.6%) were considered stable, and 7 patients (16.0%) showed an RA-ILD improvement. The proportion of current smokers was significantly different between “worsened” patients, respect to those defined as "improved/stable” (p = 0.01). Current smoking habit (p = 0.005) and concomitant methotrexate treatment (p = 0.0078) were the two variables related to RA-ILD progression in multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion Treatment with ABA is associated with a RA-ILD stability or improvement in the 88.6% of patients. Current smoking habit and concomitant treatment with methotrexate are the modifiable factors associated with RA-ILD worsening. Key Points• Abatacept plays a favourable role in the control of RA-ILD, with a significant worsening in only 11.4% of patients during a 18-month follow-up period.• The predictive variables related to RA-ILD progression during abatacept therapy are the concomitant treatment with methotrexate and current smoking habit.

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Influence of Smoking Habits on the Prevalence of Dental Caries: A Register-Based Cohort Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1729458 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Miguel A. de Araújo Nobre ◽

Ana M. Sezinando ◽

Inês C. Fernandes ◽

Andreia C. Araújo

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Smoking Habit ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Radiographic Examination ◽

Rank Test ◽

Significance Level ◽

Cumulative Survival ◽

Caries Lesions

Abstract Objective The study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking habit on the prevalence of dental caries lesions in a follow-up study. Materials and Methods A total of 3,675 patients (2,186 females and 1,489 males) with an average age of 51.4 years were included. Outcome measures were the incidence of dental caries defined as incipient noncavitated, microcavitated, or cavitated lesions which had been diagnosed through clinical observation with mouth mirror and probe examination evaluating change of texture, translucency, and color; radiographic examination through bitewing radiographs; or secondary caries through placement of a new restoration during the follow-up of the study. Statistical Analysis Cumulative survival (time elapsed with absence of dental caries) was estimated through the Kaplan–Meier product limit estimator with comparison of survival curves (log-rank test). A multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to evaluate the effect of smoking on the incidence of dental caries lesions when controlled to age, gender, systemic status, frequency of dental hygiene appointments, and socioeconomic status. The significance level was set at 5%. Results Eight hundred sixty-three patients developed caries (23.5% incidence rate). The cumulative survival estimation was 81.8% and 48% survival rate for nonsmokers and smokers, respectively (p < 0.001), with an average of 13.5 months between the healthy and diseased state diagnosis. Smokers registered a hazard ratio for dental caries lesions of 1.32 (p = 0.001) when controlled for the other variables of interest. Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that smoking habit might be a predictor for dental caries.

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