scholarly journals Whose Nostalgia is Ostalgia? Post – Communist Nostalgia in Central-European Contemporary Art

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-264
Author(s):  
Kateřina Štroblová
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Contemporary Art ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Visual Artists ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Central European ◽  
Space Orientation ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Local Space

The paper is focused on a particular group of visual artists from Poland, Hungary, and the Czech and Slovak republics dealing with the issue of memory, history and nostalgia in their work. A common feature of their art is the perception of local space in its historical connotations, the exploration of historical content, causality reception, and the time-space orientation of man. Using space, with its physical and symbolic expression, is their strategy; a specific interest is the process of searching, changing or losing the identity in a historically complicated area of Central Europe. The article examines relations between collective memory, identity and nostalgia, captured in the artistic reflection and thus mirroring the actual state of a society. 

scholarly journals 1956, 1968, 1981: The Faces of Central-European Memory: A Postcolonial Perspective

Porównania ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Bogusław Bakuła
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Shared Memory ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Past History ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Strong Existence

This article deals with two issues. The first concerns the problem of collective memory of the past, which is divided here into shared memory, separate memory and non-memory. Shared memory plays a lesser role in Central Europe than separate memory, the latter being the core of national and social identity. Shared memory is an unattainable ideal proposed by some politicians and cultural researchers. A significant role is played by non-memory, which temporarily annihilates difficult matters related to the past. History vies with collective memory in Central Europe as a means of preserving the past. This is the result of centuries-old conflicts, changing political systems, shifting borders and, above all, many nations losing their sovereignty. This situation made the problem of domination and subordination a fundamental problem of history and collective memory. For this reason, the second part of the article focuses on the postcolonial aspects of collective memory, and in particular on its relation to the events of 1956, 1968, and 1981 connected with the military reaction of the communist system to attempts at reform. These events, with all their historical differences, are caused by external violence (1956, 1968) or by internal violence caused by external pressure (1981). Central European societies also shape mutual relations through their attitudes to selected elements of the past. The author of the article depicts the inconspicuous aspects of shared internal and international memory by means of an analysis of four aspects: ressentiment, unremembering, historical politics and aesthetisation.An analysis of the events that took place in 1956, 1968, and 1981 in the context of these four aspects of postcolonial memory reveals the fragile (moderately strong) existence of common areas. These areas are dominated by non-memory and separate memory, which deform historical realities. This proves that it is difficult for Central European societies to move beyond slogans and general declarations. True shared memory is the task for the future.  

scholarly journals Revisiting the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis: A Case of Central Europe

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3415
Author(s):  
Bartosz Jóźwik ◽  
Antonina-Victoria Gavryshkiv ◽  
Phouphet Kyophilavong ◽  
Lech Euzebiusz Gruszecki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Central European ◽  
Long Run

The rapid economic growth observed in Central European countries in the last thirty years has been the result of profound political changes and economic liberalization. This growth is partly connected with reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. However, the problem of CO2 emissions seems to remain unresolved. The aim of this paper is to test whether the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis holds true for Central European countries in an annual sample data that covers 1995–2016 in most countries. We examine cointegration by applying the Autoregressive Distributed Lag bound testing. This is the first study examining the relationship between CO2 emissions and economic growth in individual Central European countries from a long-run perspective, which allows the results to be compared. We confirmed the cointegration, but our estimates confirmed the EKC hypothesis only in Poland. It should also be noted that in all nine countries, energy consumption leads to increased CO2 emissions. The long-run elasticity ranges between 1.5 in Bulgaria and 2.0 in Croatia. We observed exceptionally low long-run elasticity in Estonia (0.49). Our findings suggest that to solve the environmental degradation problem in Central Europe, it is necessary to individualize the policies implemented in the European Union.

Sprachgeschichte als Textsortengeschichte. Zur Linguistik der Beschwerde am Beispiel der "cahiers de doléances"

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Issel-Dombert
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Social History ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Text Type ◽  
Grassroots Movements ◽  
Social Interests ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Language And Law

To this day, French politicians and grassroots movements refer to the cahiers de doléances of the Ancien Régime as a primordial democratic legitimation tool for self-expression, for the pooling of opinions and the negotiation of social interests. The precursor of the petition, it has entered collective memory as the "French recipe" of political participation from below. As a mouthpiece for democratic articulation, this text type not only documents the actual state of a society described by its authors, but also far-reaching visions of the future. It can thus be read equally as an indicator of the disposition prevalent in a society at a given time, but as a social history of France as well. Based on culture-oriented linguistics, this study traces the evolution of the cahiers de doléances from the beginning of their lore to its end. This study work was awarded the "Prix Germaine de Staël" as well as the advancement award "Language and Law" of the University of Regensburg.

scholarly journals Discourse Beyond Borders: Periodicals, Dissidents, and European Cultural Spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Reijnen
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Spatial Perspective ◽  
Central European ◽  
East European ◽  
European Public ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
The Cold War

Émigré periodicals in Cold War Europe have long been considered isolated islands of Central and East European communities with limited relevance. In the second half of the Cold War, some of these periodicals functioned as crucial intersections of communication between dissidents, emigrants and Western European intellectuals. These periodicals were the greenhouses for the development of new definitions of Central Europe, Eastern Europe, and Europe at large. This article studies Cold War émigré periodicals from a spatial perspective and argues that they can be analysed as European cultural spaces. In this approach, European cultural spaces are seen as insular components of a European public sphere. The particular settings (spaces) within which the periodicals developed have contributed greatly to the ideas that they expressed. The specific limits and functions of periodicals such as Kultura or Svědectví [Testimony] have triggered perceptions of Central European and European solidarity. The originally Russian periodical Kontinent promoted an eventually less successful East European-Russian solidarity.  

scholarly journals Central European Border Settlements and Interwar Ireland: a Transnational Study of the North- Eastern Boundary Bureau and the Boundary Commission

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Zách
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
Central European ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Boundary ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Post War ◽  
Transnational Study ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTIn the aftermath of the Great War, the birth of new independent small states in East-Central Europe was closely followed in Irish nationalist circles due to the possibility of Partition in Ireland. Newspaper editorials, journal articles and diplomatic accounts illustrate that post-war Ireland had an open attitude toward the settlement of borders on the Continent as the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire was similarly controversial. This paper aims to investigate how contemporary Irish commentators perceived the question of boundary settlements in Central Europe in order to provide an insight into the transformation of political space in both Ireland and Central Europe. After providing a brief background to the Irish boundary question, this paper touches upon the most important points in historiography with regard to border settlements in the post-World War I era.. It also discusses Irish Partition history in detail, concentrating on the North-Eastern Boundary Bureau (NEBB) and the Boundary Commission, and the importance of Central European precedents in their work. Moreover, this paper also proposes to provide an insight into the Irish interest in the minority problem in European borderland regions after 1925 in order to illustrate the outward-looking attitude to Irish nationalists, even in relation to borders and minorities.

scholarly journals Contribution of avoidable causes of death to premature mortality in Poland and selected European countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Wojtyniak ◽  
Jakub Stokwiszewski
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Annual Percent Change ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Central European ◽  
The Difference

Our study, availing the new, agreed by the OECD and Eurostat, lists of preventable and treatable causes of death, seeks to quantify the contribution of avoidable causes to premature mortality and its dynamics in Poland and Central European countries – Czechia, Hungary, Lithuania and Slovenia, in comparison with Sweden serving as a benchmark country in 1999–2017. We calculated age standardised death rates for the broad groups of avoidable causes and more specific ones, which comprised preventable and treatable cancer and diseases of the circulatory system (DCS), preventable injuries and alcohol-related diseases. Deaths from not avoidable causes were also analysed. The analysis of time trends in the death rates and calculation of the Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) for the overall trend were performed with joint-point models. The contribution of changes in mortality from avoidable causes to increase life expectancy during 1999–2017 and contribution of the difference in mortality from these causes to the difference in life expectancy between five countries and Sweden were based on the decomposition of temporary life expectancy between birth and age 75 [e(0-75)]. For the calculation of life expectancy, we used the classic Chiang method and the decomposition of life expectancy by the death causes and age was conducted with the Arriaga method. The AAPC of death rates from avoidable causes in 1999–2017 was similar in all the countries but Lithuania, where the decline started later. The decline in the death rates from not avoidable causes is much slower than the rates from avoidable causes. Mortality from treatable causes was decreasing faster than from preventable causes in most populations. In 1999–2017, the average rate of mortality decline for preventable cancer was greater among men than among women, while for treatable cancer the sex-related differences were much smaller and in favour of women. As for preventable and treatable death from DCS, their decrease was faster among women than men in all the countries but Sweden. Improvements in mortality from causes that could be avoided through prevention or treatment made substantial positive contributions to the overall change in life expectancy in all the countries. The differences in temporary life expectancy e(0-75) between the analysed Central European countries and Sweden were much smaller in 2017 than in 1999, due to the reduction of the gap in mortality from avoidable causes. Our results show that among men, and to a lesser extent among women, mortality from preventable causes contributes more than mortality from causes that can be effectively treated to shorter life expectancy in the countries of Central Europe than in Sweden. This indicates that in reducing the health gap between the inhabitants of Central Europe and Western Europe, the healthcare system should consider disease prevention even to a greater extent than just treating them.

scholarly journals The Christian Foundations of Fritz Jahr’s Concept of Bio-Ethik and Contemporary Central European Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 92-109
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Beliakova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Central European ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Bioethical Issues ◽  
Ideological Conflict ◽  
Twenty First Century

The article presents the concept of Bio-Ethik by the German theologian Fritz Jahr (1895–1953) and discusses the reasons of the interest to his legacy in Central Europe. The popularity of Fritz Jahr’s works fits into the specific context of a complex development of bioethics in Central Europe at the turn of the twenty-first century. The appeal to Fritz Jahr’s ideas in the field of bioethics allows us to assess the contribution of Christian thinkers to the articulation of bioethical issues and to raise the question of why in modern bioethics, which is trying to draw upon universal, non-religious values, there was a demand for theological works of a Protestant pastor. The article describes the attitude to bioethics in Germany at the turn of the 1980s–90s, the ideological conflict of the “anti-bioethics” movement and the context of the new reception of Fritz Jahr’s works.

scholarly journals Poland and New Trends in Central European Regional Configuration

2021 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
Maria Rusakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Central European ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
European Regional

The article examines Warsaw's attempts to expand its influence in Central Europe by initiating various regional integration projects: cooperation with the Baltic sea countries participation in the development of the Carpathian region the newest format – the Lublin Triangle. The content of the Lublin Declaration signed on July 28, 2020 by Lithuania, Poland and Ukraine is analyzed in detail. Having been convinced by the example of Ukraine that the Eastern Partnership policy does not allow for quick results, as well as in connection with the events in Belarus, Poland decided to create a regional initiative that can be considered as a continuation of the Eastern Partnership policy. The Lublin Declaration opens up a wide range of potential areas of cooperation, however it is still too early to say how successful this project will be. Initially it was planned that Belarus would also join the Lublin Initiative, but later Minsk refused to participate. This seriously limited the project, but does not exclude the possibility of future innovations in its format. The author concludes that the Lublin Triangle is one of the Warsaw's instruments to realize the idea of Intermarium

scholarly journals The Influence of Coordination Training on the Index Level of Coordination Motor Abilities in Greco-Roman Wrestlers Aged 13—14

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (70) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Gierczuk ◽  
Jerzy Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gain Score ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Motor Abilities ◽  
Space Orientation ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Coordination Training ◽  
Orientation Movement

Wrestling belongs to the group of sports disciplines with complex movement activities in which an essential role is played by coordination motor abilities (CMA). A high level of coordination improvement since the earliest years positively influences the process of learning new movements as well as enables to make a more effective use of technical and tactical skills during a sports fight. Therefore, the formation of coordination abilities since the earliest years isthe condition of training young wrestlers effectively .The aim of this study was to show the influence of coordination training on the changes in coordination motor abilities (CMA) in Greco-Roman wrestlers aged 13—14. Boys practising Greco-Roman wrestling (n = 32) in the Student Sports Club UKS “Dwójka” in Radom took part in the research. They were divided into two groups that were at the same sports level: the experimental one (n = 16) and the control one (n = 16). As for those groups, no significant differences concerning somatic features (body mass, height and slenderness indices) were noticed at the beginning and at the end of the experiment, which excluded the influence of puberty on the obtained experiment results. Seven CMA (kinesthetic differentiation, rhythmization, time-space orientation, movement combining, motor adjustment, speed of reaction, balance) were evaluated on the basis of 14 indices. For that reason sports-motor tests of various authors were applied. The tests were first checked in the context of reliability and accuracy. The basic research method was a six-month pedagogical experiment. It involved implementing a larger number of means of different coordination complexity (low, medium, high) in the training of the experimental group. The control group took part only in the classical wrestling training. The experiment included 84 training sessions. The applied means equally influenced all examined coordination abilities. The total volume of such exercises in the whole experiment was 180 minutes per each examined ability. Moreover, special coordination exercises in the form of circuit training as well as coordination wrestling games and plays were applied once a week. The total work volume in both groups was the same. It was observed that sportsmen undergoing coordination training obtained higher values of the examined indices of CMA than those from the control group (p < 0.05). The highest significant increase was noted in the case of rhythmization, maintaining body balance and motor adjustment. The increase ranged from 12.6% to 27.5%. The lowest increase was noticed in the case of movement combining, kinesthetic differentiation and time-space orientation. In this case the increase ranged between 4.7% and 7.3%. Statistically significant differences in CMA between theexperimental and the control group were observed after the experiment (p < 0.05). The obtained research results make it possible to draw the following conclusions: 1. The increase in the volume of varied complexity coordination exercises in the training of wrestlers contributed to a considerable improvement in the level of CMA, i. e. by 11.4% on average, whereas in the group performing traditional training the improvement was only by 3%. 2. The gain score of coordination abilities in wrestlers aged 13—14 was the biggest in the case of the following CMA: rhythmization (19.1%), body balance (17.3%), motor adjustment (15.1%) and speed of reaction (11.3%). The smallest gain score was noticed in movement combining (4.7%), kinesthetic differentiation (4.9%) and time-space orientation (7.1%). 3. After the experiment there occurred significant differences in the level of most indices of CMA in the experimental and control group, which shows that there may exist considerable reserves in the area of CMA. Autonomous coordination training ought to become an essential part of the process of training in wrestling.Keywords: Greco-Roman wrestling, coordination training, coordination motor abilities.

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